• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.813-818
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• 2020

The archaeal clusters of orthologous genes (arCOG) algorithm, which identifies common genes among archaebacterial genomes, was used to identify conservative genes among 168 archaebacterial strains. The numbers of conserved orthologs were 14, 10, 9, and 8 arCOGs in 168, 167, 166, and 165 strains, respectively. Among 41 conserved arCOGs, 13 were related to function J (translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis), and 10 were related to function L (replication, recombination, and repair). Among the 14 conserved arCOGs in all 168 strains, 6 arCOGs of tRNA synthetase comprised the highest proportion. Of the remaining 8 arCOGs, 2 are involved in reactions with ribosomes, 2 for tRNA synthesis, 2 for DNA replication, and 2 for transcription. These results showed the importance of protein expression in archaea. For the classes or orders having 3 or more members, genomic analysis was performed by averaging the distance values of the conservative arCOGs. Classes Archaeoglobi and Thermoplasmata of the phylum Euryarchaeota showed the lowest and the highest average of distance value, respectively. This study can provides data necessary for basic scientific research and the development of antibacterial agents and tumor control.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2002

We have designed conductive transparent filters using a low-emissivity coating such as [dielectric|Ag|dielectric] for display applications. The design is the repetition of [$TiO_{2}$|Ti|Ag |$TiO_{2}$] to increase the transmittance in the visible and decrease the transmittance in the near IR. The conductive transparent filters are deposited by a radio frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering system. The optical, structural and electrical properties of the filters were investigated and the optical spectra are compared with simulated spectra. The thickness of the deposited Ag films is above 13 ㎚ to increase the conductivity and that of $TiO_{2}$ films is 24 ㎚ to increase the transmittance in the visible range. Ti blockers are employed to prevent the Ag films from being oxidized by an oxygen gas during the reactive sputtering process. Also, it is shown that the thicker Ti film is necessary as the period increases. Finally, a filter with repetition of the basic structure three times shows the better cut-off near infrared(NIR) and the sheet resistance as low as 2Ω/□ which is enough to shield an unnecessary electromagnetic waves for a display panel.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.579-584
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• 2013

The stable fueling and water supply should be prerequisites to guarantee the operational sustainment of military command post. Meanwhile, in terms of the operational sustainment, it is verified that the current wave-guided below cutoff (WBC) system cannot satisfy the requirement of control associated with water supply and fueling within the command post. In this study, as the dielectric substance can block electromagnetic pulse (EMP), it was tried to identify the shielding effectiveness of the multi WBCs filled with water and diesel for attenuating the EMP effect using experiment based on the MIL STD 188-125-1. According to the experimental results, used water in the experiment show the shielding effectiveness from around 640 MHz frequency because of minerals contained in the water. Furthermore, it was noted that EMP attenuating strength of the WBC filled with diesel was enlarged from around 1,680 MHz frequency. Resultingly, it could be concluded that it is enough to supply stable water and diesel through the multi WBC to block EMP within the military command post for guaranteeing the military operations sustainment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 1990

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic analysis of esterase isozymes in maize with tillers. The materials used for the study were stele tissue for five day old seedlings of IK inbred line with tiller and A-type inbred line with no tiller, their Fl and F,. The methods employed for the study were same as previous report by Lee and Choe. A total of thirteen isoesterase enzyme bands were identified and five zones were distinguised according to both migration distance and genetic segregation patterns. The E$\sub$0.3/, E$\sub$0.4/ and E$\sub$0.5/ loci appeared from orgin to 0.5cm migration distance were controlled by the two alleles in (IK/A-type)F$_2$ and the E$\sub$0.3/+E$\sub$0.4/ of variants was controlled by codominant alleles. The E$\sub$1.0/, E$\sub$1.2/, E$\sub$1.5/ and E$\sub$1.8/ loci appeared from 1.0cm to 1.8cm were also controlled by the two alleles. However, the null band was functioned alleles. The E$\sub$2.8/, E$\sub$3.0/ and E$\sub$3.5/ loci appeared from 2.8cm to 3.5cm migration distance were very active and near location. A total of individuals with two paried bands of these loci were more than those of three paired bands(x$^2$=0.327$\^$**/). The activity of bands appeared over 3.8cm were very low and these were controlled by the two alleles. In above results, genetic segregations of stele tissue of maize with tillers were suggested to be controlled by Mendelian genetic laws.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

Recognizing a basal group in a taxon is one of the most important factors involved in understanding the evolutionary history of that group of life. Many botanists have suggested a sister to all other angiosperms to understand the origin and rapid diversification of angiosperms based on morphological and fossil evidence. Recent technical advances in molecular biology and the accumulation of molecular phylogenetic data have provided evidence of the extant basal-most angiosperm which is a sister to all other angiosperms. Although it is still arguable, most plant taxonomists agree that Amborella trichopoda Baill., a species (monotypic genus and monotypic family) distributed in New Caledonia, is a sister to all other extant angiosperms based on evidence from the following molecular approaches: 1) classical phylogenetic analyses based on multiple genes (or DNA regions), 2) analyses of a tree network of duplicated gene families, and 3) gene-structural evidence. As an alternative hypothesis with relatively minor evidence, some researchers have also suggested that Amborella and Nymphaeaceae form a clade that is a sister to all other angiosperms. Debate regarding the basal-most angiosperms is still ongoing and is currently one of the hot issues in plant evolutionary biology. We expect that sequencing of the whole genome of Amborella as an evolutionary model plant and subsequent studies based on this genome sequence will provide information regarding the origin and rapid diversification of angiosperms, which is Darwin's so called abominable mystery.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.69-70
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• 2018

Erwinia pyrifoliae is a Gram-negative bacterium causing black shoot blight in apple and Asian pear trees. E. pyrifoliae strain EpK1/15 was isolated in 2014 from an apple twig from the Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. In this study, we report the draft genome sequence of E. pyrifoliae EpK1/15 using PacBio RS II platform. The draft genome is comprised of a circular chromosome with 4,027,225 bp and 53.4% G + C content and a plasmid with 48,456 bp and 50.3% G + C content. The draft genome includes 3,798 protein-coding genes, 22 rRNA genes, 77 tRNA genes, 13 non-coding RNA genes, and 231 pseudo genes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.347-358
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• 2016

Brassinosteroid (BR), a plant steroid hormone, plays key roles in numerous growth and developmental processes as well as tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stress. To understand the biological networks involved in BR-mediated signaling pathways and stress tolerance, we performed comparative genome-wide transcriptome analysis of a constitutively activated BR bes1-D mutant with an Agilent Arabidopsis $4{\times}44K$ oligo chip. As a result, we newly identified 1,091 (562 up-regulated and 529 down-regulated) significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The combination of GO enrichment and protein network analysis revealed that stress-related processes, such as metabolism, development, abiotic/biotic stress, immunity, and defense, were critically linked to BR signaling pathways. Among the identified gene sets, we confirmed more than a 6-fold up-regulation of NB-ARC and FLS2 in bes1-D plants. However, some genes, including TIR1, TSA1 and OCP3, were down-regulated. Consistently, BR-activated plants showed higher tolerance to drought stress and pathogen infection compared to wild-type controls. In this study, we newly developed a useful, comprehensive method for large-scale identification of critical network and gene sets with global transcriptome analysis using a microarray. This study also showed that gain of function in the bes1-D gene can regulate the adaptive response of plants to various stressful conditions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.947-955
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• 2022

Silkworms, which have recently shown promise as functional health foods, show functional differences between varieties; therefore, the need for variety identification is emerging. In this study, we analyzed the whole silkworm genome to identify 10 unique silkworm varieties (Baekhwang, Baekok, Daebaek, Daebak, Daehwang, Goldensilk, Hansaeng, Joohwang, Kumkang, and Kumok) using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) present in the genome as biomarkers. In addition, nine SNPs were selected to discriminate between varieties by selecting SNPs specific to each variety. We subsequently created a decision tree capable of cross-verifying each variety and classifying the varieties through sequential analysis. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used for SNP867 and SNP9183 to differentiate between the varieties of Daehwang and Goldensilk and between Kumkang and Daebak, respectively. A tetra-primer amplification refractory (T-ARMS) mutation was used to analyze the remaining SNPs. As a result, we could isolate the same group or select an individual variety using the nine unique SNPs from SNP780 to SNP9183. Furthermore, nucleotide sequence analysis for the region confirmed that the alleles were identical. In conclusion, our results show that combining SNP analysis of the whole silkworm genome with the decision tree is of high value as a discriminative marker for classifying silkworm varieties.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2012

The Streptomyces peucetius OIM (Overproducing Industrial Mutant) strain is a recursively-mutated and optimally-screened strain used for the industrial production of polyketide antibiotics, such as doxorubicin (DXR). Using the S. peucetius OIM mutant strain as a surrogate host, a model minimal polyketide pathway for aloesaponarin II, an actinorhodin shunt product, was cloned in a high-copy conjugative plasmid, followed by functional pathway expression and quantitative metabolite analysis. The level of aloesaponarin II production was noted as being significantly higher in the OIM strain than in the wild-type S. peucetius, as well as in the regulatory network-stimulated S. coelicolor mutant strain. Moreover, the aloesaponarin II production level was seen to be even higher in a down-regulator $wblA_{spe}$-deleted S. peucetius OIM strain, implying that the rationally-engineered S. peucetius OIM mutant strain could be used as an efficient surrogate host for the high expression of foreign polyketide pathways.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.897-904
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• 2023

This study was done to develope genetic markers with the unique characteristics of genes according to the genomic information of Bacillus velezensis K10. B. velezensis K10 maintained a total of 4,159,835 bps, which was found to encode 5,136 open reading frames (orfs). B. velezensis K10 was found to have much more gene migration due to external factors overall compared to standard strain B. velezensis JS25R. In order to discover genetic selection markers, orfs on the genome to be easily induced to gene mutation were surveyed such as recombinase, integrase, transposase, and phage-related genes. As a result of the investigation, 9 candidate markers were isolated with high possibility as genetic selection markers. Although a part in the various origin's areas showed specificities in comparison with homology, the selected markers were all existed in phage-related areas because they were relatively lower homologies in phage-related genes. PCR analysis was done on B. licheniformis K12, B. velezensis K10, B. subtilis, and B. cereus to establish them as inter-species candidate selection markers. As a result, it was confirmed that B. velezensis K10-specific PCR products were formed in a total of 6 primer sets such as BV3 and BV5 to 9. On the other hand, analysis at the subspecies level observed the formation of B. velezensis K10-specific PCR products in 4 primer sets such as BV3, 5, 8, and 9. Among them, since BV5 and BV8 were detected by very specific results, we suggest that BV5 and 8 can be used as B. velezensis K10 gene selection markers at the species and sub-species level.