• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.461-471
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• 2016

This study was conducted to establish an in vitro propagation system for sea-milkwort (Glaux maritima L.), which is an endangered coastal plant species with high horticultural value. Two phenotypes, 'Red type (RT)' and 'Pistachio type (PT)' based on the colors of stem and flower, were obtained from a personal horticulturist in 2009 and used for this study as plant materials. The stock plants showed typical morphologies in flower, capsule, and seed appearances as previously reported. Low temperature treatment at $4^{\circ}C$ for four or more weeks after in vitro sowing maximized seed germination percentage, indicating that imbibition of seed and subsequent low temperature treatment are crucial for its germination. The in vitro seedlings had phenotypic variation, falling into 'RT' and 'PT' classes like the stock plants. Although slight differences depending on genotype and medium were recognized, the fourth or fifth nodes detached from the in vitro seedlings revealed the best multiplication efficacy when estimated on the basis of total number of nodes of newly developed axillary shoots. In addition, the nodes from 'RT' and 'PT' regenerated the most shoots on medium supplemented with $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA alone and $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BA plus $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IAA, respectively. The node culture-derived plantlets were well acclimatized in a culture room ex vitro and completed the pseudo-annual life cycle coincident with that in the natural salt march habitat with the current cultivation method of applying fresh water-irrigation under an inland environment. This work represents the first report of in vitro propagation of sea-milkwort. Thus, our study will contribute to exo-habitat conservation and natural habitat restoration of this endangered species in addition to development of a horticultural product.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2012

An efficient in vitro propagation was established by using axillary bud explants of roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.), which has been known as a medicinal plant in East Asia. Among various media tested, MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA and 1.0 mg/L $GA_3$ was found to be the best for multiple shoot formation (15 axillary shoots per axillary bud). In addition 1/2MS medium containing 50 g/L sucrose was best for shoot elongation (7.8 cm) and increasing total chlorophyll contents (8.64 mg/g) best. Maximum number of roots (17.7 roots per explant) was observed on the medium without plant growth regulators. Propagated plants were successfully acclimatized to ex vitro conditions, with a survival frequency of 97% after 12 weeks. Most rooted shoots grew well and produced viable seeds when grown in vitro culture conditions. Therefore, R. rosea can be effectively propagated in vitro by the system we developed in this study.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.397-403
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• 2019

Background: Oplopanax elatus is widely distributed at high altitudes (about 1,100 m) in China, Russia and Korea. It is hard to propagate, breed, and difficult to grow. Hence, it has been designated as a rare and endangered medicinal plant. A study was conducted to establish a system for large scale seedling production of Oplopanax elatus in vitro and to find the ideal environment for its seedling growth. Methods and Results: In this study, the explants produced under in vitro conditions during our previous study were grouped into three categories (under 10 mm, 10 mm - 30 mm and above 30 mm) based on plant height and were transferred to the growth-chamber and greenhouse for two weeks in each setting for acclimatization. The plantlet category of above 30 mm showed good performance, and was further evaluated under three acclimatization methods as follows: three different growth media (commercial soil, commercial soil + perlite, commercial soil + sand), four shading levels (0%, 50%, 70%, 90%) and four altitude levels (157 m, 218 m, 601 m, 870 m) in Gangwon province of South Korea. As results, O. elatus seedlings showed better growth characteristics at 870 m of altitude, 70% shading level and in the commercial soil compared to other treatments. Conclusions: The regenerated seedlings of Oplopanax elatus obtained through plant tissue culture would be advantageous for use in large scale seedling production systems paired with a good acclimation method. For obtaining optimal results, it is recommended that seedling be acclimatized in a high altitude environment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.340-346
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• 1985

Field experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of sowing dates, ferrilizer levels and clipping treatment of forage production and quality of barley and rye in paddy field. The field emergence rates in barley varieties was decreased rapidly at sowing after November. But in rye varieties, it was not decreased even in sowing until Nov. 3. Winter survival of barley and rye varieties were not affected by fertilizer levels. And winter survival decreased with delay in sowing dates in barley varieties, but, it was not influenced by sowing dates in rye varieties. The production of forage dry matter at heading stage was increased with fertilizer levels, and was decreased with delay in sowing dates. Content of crude protein and crude fat of dry forage at heading stage were increased with fertilizer levels. But, content of crude ash, crude fiber and TDN were not influenced by fertilizer levels. As increased fertilizer levels, NFE Content was decreased and TDN yield was increased with fertilizer levels. In comparisons of TDN yield between barley and rye varieties, TDN yield of rye were superior to those of barley. Clipping twice produced more forage yield than clipping once in both crops. However, optimum clipping interval was about 40 days between first and second clipping in rye but not determined in barley. The l2cm clipping height was the highest production in average total yield.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of obtaining platelets via somatic embryogenesis as a means of in vivo mass propagation in Paeonia lactiflora Pall.. When cultured on MS medium with 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D, filament explants formed calli. UPon transfer to basal medium the calli gave rise to somatic embryos at a frequency of 38%. Additional of 3g/L activated charcoal enhanced the frequency to 60%. Mature embryos preheated at 5$^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks had 37% germination on medium with 0.3 mg/L GA$_3$. The germinated embryos developed to complete plantlet when cultured on medium with 2mg/L BA.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.396-400
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• 2015

To investigate the optimal conditions for shoot organogenesis in Astragalus sinicus L., hypocotyl explants were cultured in Murashige & Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) for 6 weeks. 2,4-D concentration significantly effected morphogenesis: some produced calli with adventitious shoots and roots, some produced calli with adventitious roots, some produced only calli, and some produced deep-brownish calli with roots. The formation of calli with shoots and/or roots was observed at lower levels of 2,4-D, whereas calli without shoots or with deep-brownish roots were formed after treatment with higher levels of 2,4-D. Also, a shoot organogenesis ability of callus clones was observed after treatment with medium with 0.1 or 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D grown in MS medium with combinations of benzyl adenine (BA) and 2,4-D for 4 weeks. Medium with a combination of BA and 2,4-D was effective for shoot formation, whereas root organogenesis from calli decreased. The greatest amount of shoot formation was obtained when calli were cultured in MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BA. Upon shoot transfer into 1/2 MS basal medium, plantlets developed, and the plantlets grew well in soil in a greenhouse.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2000

Lacquer tree can be proliferated by root or stem cutting, and seed. In case of proliferation by seed, however, the germination rate is very low. Thus, the present study was carried out to obtain aspceptic lacquer plant in vitro from seed because natural tissue culture was highly defiled by unknown fungi and bacteria. First seed grading on distilled water was 50.7% and second seed grading was 20.8% after 98% sulfuric acid treatment for 2 hours. Removal of inner seed coat was higher with 32.4% than non-removal of outer seed coat and removal outer seed coat in rooting rate. In germination rate according to pre-treatment, growth regulators were not effective at all, but sulfuric acid was effective a little with 3%. Removal outer seed coat was increased about 4%, that germinated about 10% in MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg/L BA and 0.05mg/L NAA, 1.0mg/L BA. Lacquer tree seeds germinated after 10 days in MS medium, and aspceptic seedling of lacquer tree were obtained after 3 weeks in vitro. Germination rate, however, was lower about 10%.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2005

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated cotyledonary-node explants transformation was used to produce transgenic melon. Cotyledonary-node explants of melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Super VIP) were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strains (LBA4404, GV3101, EHA101) containing the binary vector (pPTN289) carrying with CaMV 35S promoter-gus gene as reporter gene and NOS promoter-bar gene conferring resistance to glufosinate (herbicide Basta) as selective agent, and the binary vector (pPTN290) carrying with Ubiquitin promoter-GUS gene and NOS promoter-nptll gene conferring resistance to paromomycin as selective agent, respectively. The maximum transformation efficiency (0.12%) was only obtained from the cotyledonary-node explants co-cultivated with EHA101 strain (pPTN289) on selection medium with 5 mg/L glufosinate and not produced a transgenic melon from the cotyledon or cotyledonary-node co-cultivated with other strains. Finally, five plants transformed showed the resistance in glufosinate antibiotic and the GUS positive response in leaf ($T_0$), flower ($T_0$), seeds ($T_1$) and plantlet ($T_1$). Southern blot analysis revealed that the gus gene integrated into each genome of transgenic melon.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2004

The shoots of balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC.) in vitro germinated from seeds were cultured on MS basal medium containing 0.1 mg/L NAA under the various sucrose concentrations and with/without membrane filter (MF) on the lid of vessel. The growth responses were checked to obtain healthy plantlets. The $CO_2$ and $C_2$H$_4$ concentration in vessel without MF were higher than those with MF. The $CO_2$ concentration without MF was increased as days in culture went by whereas the $C_2$H$_4$ concentration was decreased. The plant growth with MF and high sucrose concentration was good. Fresh and dry weight of plantlets cultured in sucrose 4.5% with MF were higher than those in no sucrose without MF. Also the content of chlorophyll of plantlets cultured with MF was high and the content of sugar was shown a similar results and a remarkable difference between MF treatments, especially. Stomata cultured with MF was closer than that without MF and mesophyll of leaf were more developed with MF or in high sucrose concentration. When the plantlets were transplanted in the pot at 25$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$, 75% relative humidity and low PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density), the percentage of survival after 13 days without MF was 0% but it was 100% with MF regardless of sucrose concentrations.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1051-1056
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• 2010

This study was carried out to determine suitable in vitro culture conditions of new ever-bearing strawberry ($Fragaria$ $ananassa$ Duch.), 'Goha'. Four-week old plantlets which were derived from the meristem culture were used in this study. Three different culture media including MS, Gamborg B5 and White medium were used for the plant culture and the medium concentrations were at the 5 levels of $1/3{\times}$, $1/2{\times}$, $1{\times}$, $2{\times}$ and $3{\times}$. Sucrose content ranged at four levels of 1, 3, 5 and 8% (w/v). Crown diameter on the MS medium was thicker (2.1 mm) than in other media. Fresh weight on the MS medium was 482 mg, which was heavier than 88 mg or 260 mg of Gamborg B5 or White medium, respectively. Particularly, 1/2MS medium was found to have higher growth rate than these in other treatments (fresh weight, dry weight and D/F rate). Shoot length in the treatment of 1% sucrose concentration was 3.6 cm which was the longest. Shoot length was in inverse proportion to the increasing concentration of sucrose. Fresh weight was increased up to 3% sucrose concentration, but decreased above 5% sucrose concentration. From the results, we found that the best condition for in vitro culture of new ever-bearing strawberry 'Goha' was 1/2MS medium supplemented with 1% sucrose concentration.