• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.105-119
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• 2014

With its growing awareness by public today, along with our heritage gaining higher standing - such as being listed as World Heritage - the needs for managing cultural heritage that meet global standard is required, and public's interest towards national heritage growing higher, Cultural Heritage Administration is actively pursuing related projects for scenic amenity that include systematic preserve/manage/restore the heritage including surrounding environment, also propose harmonious landscape. 1,834 cases of allowance limit for state-designated cultural heritage change are prepared as part of the plan, and the standards are being expanded actively towards designated cultural heritage across the country, contributing towards administrative efficiency and living conditions of the locals significantly. However, some definitions are unclear and possible complaints might arise when applied due to choice of the law, this research prepares the base material for efficient management of the establishment by diagnosing overall operational status and proposing alternatives towards the limit and improvements after reviewing the result. Through this, we expect to see establishment of policies for better management of cultural heritage and its scenic amenity via maximizing administrative efficiency, whilst positively enhance resident satisfaction around the heritage area as well as settling the regulations in short term.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.762-768
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• 2014

In this study, the ameliorating effects of lactic acid-fermented garlic extract (LAFGE) on non-alcoholic fatty liver were investigated using oleic acid-induced steatotic HepG2 cells. The ameliorating mechanism was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Treatment with 1 mg/mL LAFGE decreased intracellular lipid accumulation approximately 1.5-fold, compared to that achieved with non-fermented garlic extract. LAFGE reduced fatty acid influx into hepatocytes through down-regulation of FAT/CD36 mRNA expression in the steatotic HepG2 cells. $PPAR{\alpha}$ and CPT-1 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated by LAFGE treatment of HepG2 cells as a consequence of activation of beta oxidation. Additionally, the treatment with 1 mg/mL LAFGE highly down-regulated mRNA expression of SREBP-1c and FAS to 51% and 35%, respectively. LAFGE showed concentration-dependent down-regulation patterns in protein expression of SREBP-1c and FAS, as determined by Western blot. These results suggest that LAFGE treatment improves hepatic steatosis triggered by the imbalance of hepatic lipid metabolism owing to oleic acid treatment.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.221-234
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• 2017

The Baengnokdam, the summit crater of Mt. Halla, is one of the representative geosites of World Natural Heritage and Global Geopark in Jeju Island. The crater is marked by two distinctive volcanic lithofacies that comprise: 1) a trachytic lava dome to the west of the crater and 2) trachybasaltic lava flow units covering the gentle eastern slope of the mountain. This study focuses on understanding the formative process of this peculiar volcanic lithofacies association at the summit of Mt. Halla through field observation and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the sediments underlying the craterforming volcanics. The trachyte dome to the west of the crater is subdivided into 3 facies units that include: 1) the trachyte breccias originating from initial dome collapse, 2) the trachyte lava-flow unit and 3) the domal main body. On the other side, the trachybasalt is subdivided into 2 facies units that include: 1) the spatter and scoria deposit from the early explosive eruption and 2) lava-flow unit from the later effusion eruption. Quartz OSL dating on the sediments underlying the trachyte breccias and the trachybasaltic lava-flow unit reveals ages of ca. 37 ka and ca. 21 ka, respectively. The results point toward that the Baengnokdam summit crater was formed by eruption of trachybasaltic magma at about 19~21 ka after the trachyte dome formed later than 37 ka.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.71
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• pp.52-74
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• 2015

The May 18 Democratic Movement has been considered to be specific case of the big deviation in social memory among the events that occurred after the Korea War. Compared with other events associated with the democratization movement, the May 18 Democratic Movement is special in that can be achieved various changed meaning. In this study, primary focus will be on the background and logics to show what changed the meaning of the May 18 Democratic Movement from the perspectives of the memorial project. And to investigate influences of change of meaning on perspectives and forms of memorial projects. Recognition and forms of memorial projects on the May 18 Democratic Movement had been largely changed around 2000s. Memorial projects were the aspects that are the logics of the social movements absorbed into the logics of the institutionalization before 2000s. During this period, it was done primarily the discourse of a holy ground for democracy and sanctuarization, had characterized the nature of the struggle of memory. After 2000s, the May 18 Democratic Movement has been interpreted historical resources to create a cultural city and a human rights city. Sometimes the May 18 Democratic Movement was appropriated by local development discourse, and sometimes was adopted as the material of differentiation strategy in the city. Form of memorial projects has also been changed type of struggle of memory to type of heritage industry.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.305-319
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• 2012

The Myeongdongseongdang Cathedral, which was designated as Historic Site No. 258 in Korea, is a representative cathedral of Korean Catholic church designed by a French priest Eugene-Jean Georges Coste and completed in 1898. It is a Gothic-styled architecture constructed with bricks and stones. Lithological and mineralogical analyses determined that holy stone relics were made of marble and granite, and foundation stones are of pink feldspar granite. Deterioration mapping and ultrasonic measurement revealed main weathering and damage were exfoliation (40%) and black discoloration (37%) in the holy water basin, and exfoliation (6%) and discoloration (46%) in the exterior foundation stones. Ultrasonic velocity of the stones were calculated as 3,525m/s in the holy water basin and 2,795m/s in the exterior stones that indicated these stones were sorted into moderately to highly weathered rock. This was resulted from moisture and atmospheric pollutants around the cathedral.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.43
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• pp.125-154
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• 2011

Today's digital culture has been realized through various media, and even now, is changing and growing. If the previous digital culture was actualized through technologies such as the Internet, mobile devices etc., today it includes even things that give new life to contents using various medialike this. The moment this digital technical aspect is grafted into culture, a new genre called 'Cultural Contents' is born. Such cultural contents can be seen as a way for classics to approach people in a digital world that is evolving fast like today. To make classics into a cultural content, its basic narrative structure is important. Classics contain the history at the time, the awareness of people who lived at the time and the detailed rite of passage people experienced. This point can be interpreted as classics not just a cultural heritage of the previous era, but having the functionality that can form a consensus of modern people. This thesis views our classic novels of Mongcha group such as 'Guwunmong' and 'Okrubong' as a potential subject of cultural contents, and the problem of how it can be made into a cultural content. To make a cultural content, storytelling is very important. Therefore, the structure and characteristics of novels of Mongcha group was examined, and a synopsis was made based on this. Furthermore, it examined if there are novels of Mongcha group made into contents, and how each work was vitalized and how much ripple effect it had achieved. If each work did not achieve a second or third ripple effect, it examined what the problem was and tried to offer a solution.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.459-469
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• 2019

We present a quantitative evaluation of density, vesicularity and microtextures for coarse lapilli collected from the Jugam Scoria Deposits, northeastern Ulleung Island. Lapilli from the deposits have modal vesicularities of 61% in the lower part and 67% in the upper part, and vesicle populations dominated by non-interconnected subround vesicles. Clasts of modal vesicularity have margin-parallel zonation, with subaerially quenched rims interpreted to preserve "syn-fragmentation" magmatic textures in microlite-free sideromelane rims, grading "post-fragmentation" tachylitic interiors with vesicle and microlite textures that progressively coarsen from rim to interior. Degassing scenarios are linked to syn-fragmentation vesicle textures to demonstrate that the magmas degassed in dominantly closed systems. And diffusion-controlled cooling rates of trachyandesitic pyroclasts in contact with atmosphere are linked to post-fragmentation evolution of vesicle and microlite textures to infer about transportation and dispersal of the pyroclasts in low shooting jets. These textural analyses show that the Jugam eruptions were strictly applied to the strombolian type, analogous to the hawaiian type among any classical subaerial eruption type.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.207-222
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• 2018

Celestial Chart Stones (original and reproduction) in the National Palace Museum are representative scientific cultural heritage of Korea. Material analysis and nondestructive deterioration assessment were conducted for long-term preservation of these stones. Material analysis revealed that the original was composed of slate and the reproduction was made of dolostone. The original consists of quartz, mica, dolomite minerals, while the reproduction was made up of dolomite, calcite and forsterite. Major deterioration factors of the original stone were cracks and breakouts. In case of the reproduction, scratches and artificial materials were mainly observed. The green and black surface contaminants present at the sides and back of the two celestial chart stones were interpreted as resin-based paint materials. The physical property evaluation using ultrasonic velocity showed a low velocity in the upper left side of the original, while the front right side of the reproduction showed a weak property. Meanwhile, the To-Tc method using ultrasonic velocity was applied to major cracks that impede stability of the original. As a result, it has been calculated that the beginning and the center of the crack are the deepest.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.525-538
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• 2018

Myazedi Quadrilingual Stone Inscription of Myanmar, inscribed to the World Heritage List in 2015, is a rare historical artifact which has an exact date of inscription. It is a written record that displays the history, religion, and culture of Myanmar. Since the surface of the Stone Inscription has been rubbed with ink many times during the process of making printed copies for interpretation and academic research, it has developed a serious stain problem. Therefore, scientific analysis of the stain and research on the treatment for its removal have been conducted. In particular, an experiment was conducted on stain removal using laser cleaning and chemical treatment. The stains are mostly ink dirt, which accumulated from previous ink-rubbing processes. In order to conduct the experiment under similar conditions, a sample with similar stain has been reproduced, and a set of different conditions for treatment was applied to the sample to determine an effective solution. Laser cleaning was found to be effective in removing stains from most samples. However, chemical treatment showed different results. The physical friction method using ethanol provided the best result. In conclusion, laser cleaning is an effective universally-applicable technique but chemical treatment with laser cleaning can be considered an alternative method in certain situations.

• Journal of the Geological Society of Korea
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.567-578
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• 2018

A nondestructive petrological investigation was carried out to identify the original location and form of the Gyeongju Seated Stone Buddha with Square Pedestals in the Blue House (so-called Stone Buddha in the Blue House). The Statue is a representative stone Buddha statue of Silla (9th century) but its original location is controversial and some parts were missing. Based on the petrological observation, magnetic susceptibility and gamma spectrometry, its stone material was identified as medium-grained alkali feldspar granite. This kind of granites are widely found in the Namsan, Gyeongju. It is very likely that the Namsan granites are the source of rock of the Stone Buddha. The Yudeoksa (Igeosaji temple site) and Namsan are possible to be the original home of the Buddha Statue since there are petrologically identical alkali feldspar granite outcrop distributed in Namsan and stone heritage made of the same stone type in both places. An investigation on the square middle stone base in the Chuncheon National Museum reveals that it is less likely to be the missing part of the Buddha statue as the stone base is fine- to medium-grained pink feldspar granite and has different magnetic susceptibility from the Buddha statue. This study confirmed the contribution and significance of petrological investigation to identification of stone heritage in Korea.