• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.46
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• pp.355-377
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• 2017

Compared with other Altaic languages, Japanese and Korean languages are much closer to each other in grammar, and also to Ryukyuan language. According to the literature, Korean people are the first foreigners to record Ryukyuan language in a written form. In the passage "pronunciation interpreting the Ryukyuan Kingdom" from A Journey to the Eastern Countries (1512), Korean people perfectly preserved the pronunciation and meanings of words and sentences in Ryukyuan language in both Korean and Chinese languages, which is an extremely valuable material. Unfortunately, the later time period witnessed stagnation after a prominent beginning. In order to clarify the language family to which Korean belongs to, it is necessary to thoroughly compare Korean language with Japanese and Ryukyuan languages. Different from lexis, grammar underwent a slow and gradual process of variation. A comparative study of the three languages can provide strong evidence for defining the language family of Korean. Based on this rationale, this paper starts from the comparison of grammar elements of these three languages, aiming at case markers including the nominative case markers and the accusative case markers, and observes the procedures and functions diachronically. Based on the examples from the medieval data, it is found that the nominative case markers and the accusative case markers of these three languages vary from each other in forms and origins. Although they show some similarities in functions, it can be conjectured that there is no cognate for the three languages in the history.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.236-245
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• 1987

Ichthyoplankton were sampled with Bongo net at 13 stations from Chonsu Bay to Keum Estuary from July, 1985 to June, 1986. 19 taxa of pelagic eggs and 45 taxa of larvae were collected. The key to identify the pelagic eggs is based on the number of oil gloubles, the shape of the egg, the sculpture of the chorion, and the size of the egg and the oil globules. The key to the families of fish larvae is based on the morphometric characters such as the body shape, the position of the anus, the pigmentation pattern, and others.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.209-219
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• 1986

This study was designed to investigate the effects of various sources of dietary fats on the blood and liver cholesterol(CHOL) levels in young Single Comb White Leghorn male chicks, In experiment 1, corn oil, palm gil, tallow and fish oil were added individually at a level of 4% to semipurified type diets composed of isolated soyprotein and glucose as major components. The diets were fed ad libitum for a period of 15 days. In experiment 2, various fats such as corn oil, soybean oil, repeseed oil, palm oil, tallow, fish oil and hydrogenated fish oil(HFO) were added individually at a level of 11.4% to practical type diets primarily based on corn and soybean meal. Control diet contained 3% of corn oil. All these diets were formulated to contain equivalent amount of nutrients such as protein, vitamins and minerals on a basis of unit kcal of metabolizable energy. The third Experiment was to compare the effects of different levels of calorie/protein(C/P ratio) of diets on the performances and various biological parameters in the chicks. Control diet was the same as in experiment 2. Another diet was added with 11.14% corn oil(C/P ratio=146) and the other diet with 10% corn oil(C/P ratio=164), The diets in experiment 2 and 3 were fed ad libitum for 26 days. In the first experiment, the chicks fed the diet containing vegetable oils tended to grow faster and show better feed efficiency without significance than those fed diets added with animal fats. However, this tendency was not observed in the experiment 2. Birds consumed the diets added with fish oil appeared to have heavier liver weight and higher liver CHOL than the others(p〈0.05), No significant differences in the levels of blood CHOL and triacylglycerol(TG) were observed among the chicks of various dietary groups(Exp. 1). Weights of liver or heart were significantly heavier in the chicks consumed the diets added with HFO or fish oil, respectively(Exp. 2). However, chicks ingested diet containing fish oil appeared to have significantly lower plasma CHOL. No significant differences were observed in the levels of liver CHOL and plasma TG among the dietary groups. Birds consumed the diet with a wider C/P ratio resulted in higher liver TG levels in experiment 3(p〈0.05). Although no statistical differences were observed among the various dietary groups, chicks fed the diet with a wider C/P ratio tended to show higher levels of plasma CHOL, TG, liver CHOL and total liver lipids compared to those of the control group.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.66
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• pp.5-35
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• 2005

본 고는 매우 복잡 다양하게 출토되고 있는 선사시대 토기 중 굽다리토기에 대한 연구이다. 특수한 기형의 이 토기는 분류조차 제대로 이루어지지 않은 채 의례용으로 인식되어져 왔으며, 그 명칭 또한 무분별하게 사용되어져 왔다. 따라서 충분히 객관적이고도 적절한 정립이 필요한 상황이다. 이 토기는 저부와 신부의 상대크기에 따라 대부형(Ⅰ형)과 대각형(Ⅱ)으로의 세부기종 설정이 가능하고 세부기종별 속성분석을 통하여 6형식의 형식분류가 이루어졌다. 무문토기시대 전기 주거지유적에서 공렬 및 각형토기와 공반하는 1·2·3·4형식의 토기(북한→강원영동→경기중부·충청서해안지역)는 점토대토기문화가 도래하면서 생활, 분묘, 생산, 폐기 그리고 의례관련유구에서 출토되는 5·6형식 토기(경기중부·충청서해안→호남·영남지역)로의 변화를 보이면서 전개된다. 즉 점토대토기문화가 도래하는 시점에서 굽다리토기의 형식도 변화·확대되고 있다. 또한 출토맥락, 형식조합, 제작기술 등의 관점에서 공렬 및 각형토기와 공반하는 1·2·3·4형식은 일상 생활용기로의 상정이 가능한 반면 점토대토기와 조합을 이루는 5·6형식 토기는 의례관련유구와 분묘유구에서 다량 출토되고 있어 기원이나 소원과 관련된 의례용기, 그리고 부장용으로의 기능분화가 관찰된다. 〔주제어〕: 굽다리토기, 공렬토기, 각형토기, 점토대토기문화, 기술유형, 시공적 전개, 기능분화

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.452-456
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• 2006

본 연구는 수정 라리니에식 어도를 조립식으로 개발하여 실제 현장에 적용하기에 앞서 수리모형을 통해 어도 경사와 어도내 조류제 형태(평면형, 경사형, 역경사형)를 3가지로 달리하여 각 형태별 유속을 조사하고 실제 우리 나라 토착 민물고기인 갈겨니, 쉬리, 피라미, 금강모치의 소상능력을 시험하였다. 또한 실제 크기의 목재로 만든 조립식 수정 라리니에식 어도를 제작하여 충청남도 공주시 유구천의 농업용 보에 적용하였으며, 2005년 6월부터 10월까지 모니터링을 하여 수정 라리니에식 어도의 국내 하천 적용성에 대해서 검토하였다. 모형실험결과 수심은 6cm(현장 30cm)일때, 조류재의 형태는 평면형과 경사형, 경사는 1/20, 유속은 0.3-0.4m/s에서 어류가 원활하게 소상하는 것으로 나타났고, 어도내 마련된 휴식부에서는 실제 물고기들의 휴식하는 모습이 관찰되었다. 또한 휴식부의 잠공은 하천 유량 조건이 좋을 때보다 갈수기나 홍수기에 어류가 소상하는 통로의 역할뿐만아니라 저서 생물의 이동통로 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 본 어도는 조류재의 형태에 따른 다양한 유속대를 제공하여 다양한 어종이 이용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 조립식으로 되어 시공 및 유지관리가 용이하여 우리나라 하천 상황에 적절한 어도로 판단된다.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1996

We described morphological characteristics of embryonic, larval, and juvenile period of the yellow puffer, Takifugu obscurus. We defined seven periods of embryogenesis the zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharygula, and hatching periods. The eggs were adhesive and spherical in shape. The egg yolk had numerous tiny oil globules. Hatching began about 280 hours after insemination at $17.0{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ water temperature. Melanopores of star shape were seen on yolk, head and trunk during the pharygula and hatching period. The hatched larvae haying large yolk were $3.00\~3.54$ mm in size with $25\~26$ myomeres. The larvae completely absorbed the yolk materials and oil globules within 7 days after hatching and became post-larvae. Laval fish became juveniles within 60 days after hatching, and they reached $23.54\~30.12$ mm in total length and had fin-rays.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2015

Morphological changes in eggs and larvae of spotted knifejaw, Oplegnathus punctatus were observed by cultivation of fertilized eggs to juvenile stage. Fertilized egg was demersal and transparent. The egg has one oil glouble and its size ranged 1.01~1.15 mm ($1.08{\pm}0.10mm$; $mean{\pm}SD$, n=20). Culture chambers were maintained $22.5{\sim}24.5^{\circ}C$ in water temperature and 33.5~34.5ppt in salinity. It took 25 mins from fertilization to the blastoderm stage, 55 mins to 2 cell stage and 20 hrs 50 mins to hatching. Newly hatched yolksac larvae ranged 2.59~3.02 mm ($2.81{\pm}0.25mm$, n=5) in total length, and mouth and anus were not still open. Yolk and oil globule were absorbed 2 days after hatching (DAH). Flexion larvae in 12 DAH ranged 3.02~3.07 mm TL ($3.04{\pm}0.04mm$), and the caudal fin grew to fan-shaped, melanophores appeared on top of digestive canal.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 1999

From January 1997 to May, the red marbled rockfish, Sebastiscus tertius (Barsukov et Chen) was reared in the laboratory, and observed the morphological characteristies of egg and development of larvae and juveniles. The egg is spherical in shape colorless and transparent, measuring 0.72~0.80mm in diameter (mean 0.75mm, n=50). The naturally bearing larvae were 3.79~3.97mm in total length with 7~8＋15~16=22~24 myomeres, and mouth and anus were open. Melanophores were present on the yolk of the larva and ventral margins of the tail. The 1~2 days after bearing larvae measured 3.90~4.13mm in total length, and transformed to postlarval stage, and yolk sac were completely resorbed. On the lower jaw melanophores were present. Total length of the larvae was 4.23~4.60mm in total length (11 days after bearing), number of elongated pectoral fin rays was 9~10, and melanophores distributed on the top of head, around the intestine tube, ventral margins of the tail and on the pectoral fin. In 21 days after bearing, the larva were 5.83~7.10mm in total length, and the caudal notochord flex $45^{\circ}$. Individuals of 9.80~12.36mm in total length (33 days after bearing) are regarded to have reached to the juvenile stage with all the fins were developed.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2009

The egg development and early life history of the Korean endangered fish Koreocobitis naktongensis (Cobitidae) were investigated. Eggs from the females were obtained by injecting 10 IU/g of human chorionic gonadotropin and inseminated with sperm by the dry method in the laboratory. The fertilized eggs were 1.0~1.2 mm in diameter and had no oil globules. The embryo began to hatch about 38 hrs after fertilization under water temperature of $20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The newly-hatched larvae were 2.6~2.8 mm in total length, and their mouth and anus were not yet opened. Seven days after hatching, the postlarvae were 4.5~5.2 mm in total length, and their yolk sacs were completely absorbed. They entered the juvenile stage when all fin-rays were formed at 50 days after hatching, and their total lengths were 21~27 mm.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.349-382
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• 2018

China is a great civilization which is a combination of various ethnic groups with long history change. As one of these important components of traditional culture, the lucky shape has been going through the ideological upheaval of the history change of China. Up to now, it has become the important parts which can stimulate the emotion of Chinese nation. The lucky shape becomes the basis of the rich traditional culture by long history of the Chinese nation. Even say it is the centre of this traditional culture resource. The lucky shape is a way of expressing the Chinese history and national emotions. It is the important part of people's living habits, emotion, as well as the cultural background. What's more, it has the value of beliefs of Surname totem. Meanwhile, it also has the function of passing on information. The symbol of information finally was created by the being of lucky shape to indicate its conceptual content. There are various kinds of lucky shapes. It will have its limitations when researching all kinds of them professionally. So, here the lucky shape of FISH will be researched. The shape of fish is the first good shape created by the Chinese nation. It is about 6000 years. Its special shape and lucky meaning embody the peculiar inherent culture and intension of the Chinese nation. It's the important component of the Chinese traditional culture. The traditional shape of fish was focused on the continuation of history and the patterns recognition, etc. It seldom indicated the meaning of the shape into the using of the modern design. So by searching the lucky meaning & the way of fish shape, the purpose of the search is to explore the real analysis of value of the fish shape in the modern enterprise identity design. The way of search is through the development of the history, the evolvement and the meaning of lucky of the traditional fish shape to analyse the symbolic meaning and the cultural meaning from all levels in nation, culture, art and life, etc. And by using the huge living example of the enterprise identity design of the traditional shape of the fish to analyse that how it works in positive way by those enterprise which is based on the trust with good image. In the modern Chinese enterprise identity design, the lucky image will be reinterpreted in the modern way. It will be proofed by the national perceptual knowledge of the consumer and the way of enlarge the goodwill of corporate image. It will be the conclusion. The traditional fish shape is the important core of modern design.So this search is taken through the instance of the design of enterprise image of the traditional fish shape to analysis the idea of the majority Chinese people of the traditional luck and the influence of corporation which based on trust and credibility. In modern image design of Chinese corporation, the auspicious sign reappear. The question survey is taken by people through the perceptual knowledge of the consumer and the cognition the enterprise image. According the result, people can speculate the improvement of consumer's recognition and the possibility of development of traditional concept.