• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.197-210
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• 2012

The KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite(KOMPSAT)-2 has a capability to provide a cross-track stereo imagery using two different orbits for generating various spatial information. However, in order to fully realize the potential of the KOMPSAT-2 stereo imagery in terms of mapping, various tests are necessary. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility of mapping using the KOMPSAT-2 stereo imagery. For this, digital plotting was conducted based on the stereoscopic images. Also the Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and an ortho-image were generated using digital plotting results. An accuracy of digital plotting, DEM, and ortho-image were evaluated by comparing with the existing data. Consequently, we found that horizontal and vertical error of the modeling results based on the Rational Polynomial Coefficient(RPC) was less than 1.5 meters compared with the Global Positioning System(GPS) survey results. The maximum difference of vertical direction between the plotted results in this study and the existing digital map on the scale of 1/5,000 was more than 5 meters according as the topographical characteristics. Although there were some irregular parallax on the images, we realized that it was possible to interpret and plot at least seventy percent of the layer which was required the digital map on the scale of 1/5,000. Also an accuracy of DEM, which was generated based on the digital plotting, was compared with the existing LiDAR DEM. We found that the ortho-images, which were generated using the extracted DEM in this study, sufficiently satisfied with the requirement of the geometric accuracy for an ortho-image map on the scale of 1/5,000.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.330-346
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• 1997

Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite I (KOMPSAT-I, the first multi-purpose Korean satellite) will be launched in the third quarter of 1999, which is operated on the sun-synchronous orbit for cartography, ocean color monitoring, and space environment monitoring. The main mission of Electro-Optical Camera(EOC) which is one of KOMPSAT-I sensors is to provide images for the production of scale maps of Korea. EOC collects panchromatic imagery with the ground sample distance of 6.6m at nadir through visible spectral band of 510~730nm. For determining KOMPSAT-I crossing time over Korea, this study examines the diurnal variation of solar and atmospheric variables that can exert a great influence on the EOC imagery. The results are as follows: 1) After 10:30 a.m. at the winter solstice, solar zenith angle is less than $70^{\circ}$ and expected flux of EOC spectral band over land for clear sky is greater than about $2.4mW/cm^2$. 2) For daytime the distribution of cloud cover (clear sky) shows minimum (maximum) at about 11:00 a.m. Although the occurrence frequency of poor visibility by fog decreases from early morning toward noon, its effect on the distribution of clear sky is negligible. From the above examination it is concluded that determining KOMPSAT-I crossing time over Korea between 10:30 and 11:30 a.m. is adequate.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_3
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• pp.979-995
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• 2023

As wildfires are difficult to predict, real-time monitoring is crucial for a timely response. Geostationary satellite images are very useful for active fire detection because they can monitor a vast area with high temporal resolution (e.g., 2 min). Existing satellite-based active fire detection algorithms detect thermal outliers using threshold values based on the statistical analysis of brightness temperature. However, the difficulty in establishing suitable thresholds for such threshold-based methods hinders their ability to detect fires with low intensity and achieve generalized performance. In light of these challenges, machine learning has emerged as a potential-solution. Until now, relatively simple techniques such as random forest, Vanilla convolutional neural network (CNN), and U-net have been applied for active fire detection. Therefore, this study proposed an active fire detection algorithm using state-of-the-art (SOTA) deep learning techniques using data from the Advanced Himawari Imager and evaluated it over East Asia and Australia. The SOTA model was developed by applying EfficientNet and lion optimizer, and the results were compared with the model using the Vanilla CNN structure. EfficientNet outperformed CNN with F1-scores of 0.88 and 0.83 in East Asia and Australia, respectively. The performance was better after using weighted loss, equal sampling, and image augmentation techniques to fix data imbalance issues compared to before the techniques were used, resulting in F1-scores of 0.92 in East Asia and 0.84 in Australia. It is anticipated that timely responses facilitated by the SOTA deep learning-based approach for active fire detection will effectively mitigate the damage caused by wildfires.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.297-308
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• 2007

The AOPOD (Atmosphere Occultation and Precision Orbit Determination) system, the secondary payload of KOMPSAT (KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite)-5 scheduled to be launched in 2010, shall provide GPS radio occultation data. In this paper, we simulated the GPS radio occultation characteristic of KOMPSAT-5 and retrieved electron density profiles using KROPS (KASI Radio Occultation Processing Software). The electron density retrieved from CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) GPS radio occultation data on June 20, 2004 was compared with IRI (International Reference Ionosphere) - 2001, PLP (Planar Langmuir Probe), and ionosonde measurements. When the result was compared with ionosonde measurements, the discrepancies were 5 km on the $F_2$ peak height ($hmF_2$) and $3{\times}10^{10}el/m^3$ on the electron density of the $F_2$ peak height ($NmF_2$). By comparing with the Laugmuir Probe measurements of CHAMP satellite (PLP), both agrees with $1.6{\times}10^{11}el/m^3$ at the height of 365.6 km.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.11B
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• pp.1583-1594
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• 2001

In this paper, the transmission structure and procedure of a random access channel for the IMT-2000 satellite radio specification are presented. The proposed random access method has much commonality with that of the 3GPP FD specification which is a terrestrial radio interface of IMT-2000. The proposed method was designed by considering characteristics of satellite link as we71 as the commonality with the terrestrial component. A preamble consists of sub-preamble repetition and a message is transmitted along with the preamble successively. The propose method has fast indication of preamble acquisition by physical layer. The proposed method has been included in the SAT-CDMA which is a radio transmission technology Proposed by TTA, KOREA and approved as a satellite radio interface at ITU-R. Additionally, in this Paper the signaling delay for the proposed random access channel will be analyzed and it will be compared to that of the random access methods using a conventional ALOHA procedure and the 3GPP procedure in aspect of the signaling delay. When the SAT-CDMA satellite constellation at the height of about 1600 km is considered, the delay of the proposed method was estimated to 100 ms less than that of the conventional ALOHA. This delay difference increases with 7he number of retransmissions. The delay is reduced by 30 ms, compared with the 3GPP method.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.270-277
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• 2008

Vacuum is any air or gas pressure less than a prevailing pressure in an environmental or, specifically, any pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure and is used by a wide variety of scientists and engineering - including clean environment, thermal insulation, very long mean free path, plasma, space simulation[1]. The space environment is characterized by such a severe condition as high vacuum, and very low and high temperature. Since a satellite will be exposed to such a space environment as soon as it goes into its orbit, space environmental test should be carried out to verify the performance of the satellite on the ground under the space environmental conditions. A general and widely used method to simulate the space environment is using a thermal vacuum chamber which consists of vacuum vessel and thermally controlled shroud. As indicated by name of vacuum chamber, the vacuum technology is applied to design and manufacture of the thermal vacuum chamber. This paper describe the vacuum technology which is applied to space business.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.107-123
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• 2020

With stabilization of the recent multi-GNSS infrastructure, and as multi-GNSS has been proven to be effective in improving the accuracy of the positioning performance in various industrial sectors. In this study, in view that SF(Single frequency) GNSS receivers are widely used due to the low costs, evaluate effectiveness of SF Real Time Point Positioning(SF-RT-PP) based on four multi-GNSS surveying methods with RTCM-SSR correction streams in static and kinematic modes, and also derive response challenges. Results of applying SSR correction streams, CNES presented good results compared to other SSR streams in 2D coordinate. Looking at the results of the SF-RT-PP surveying using SF signals from multi-GNSS, were able to identify the common cause of large deviations in the altitude components, as well as confirm the importance of signal bias correction according to combinations of different types of satellite signals and ionospheric delay compensation algorithm using undifferenced and uncombined observations. In addition, confirmed that the improvement of the infrastructure of Multi-GNSS allows SF-RT-SPP surveying with only one of the four GNSS satellites. In particular, in the case of code-based SF-RT-SPP measurements using SF signals from GPS satellites only, the difference in the application effect between broadcast ephemeris and SSR correction for satellite orbits/clocks was small, but in the case of ionospheric delay compensation, the use of SBAS correction information provided more than twice the accuracy compared to result of the Klobuchar model. With GPS and GLONASS, both the BDS and GALILEO constellations will be fully deployed in the end of 2020, and the greater benefits from the multi-GNSS integration can be expected. Specially, If RT-ionospheric correction services reflecting regional characteristics and SSR correction information reflecting atmospheric characteristics are carried out in real-time, expected that the utilization of SF-RT-PPP survey technology by multi-GNSS and various demands will be created in various industrial sectors.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2021

The high-level Space Situational Awareness (SSA) objective is to provide to the users dependable, accurate and timely information in order to support risk management on orbit and during re-entry and support safe and secure operation of space assets and related services. Therefore the risk assessment for the re-entry of space objects should be managed nationally. In this research, the Software for Re-Entry Prediction of space objects (SREP) was developed for national SSA system. In particular, the rate of change of the drag coefficient is estimated through a newly proposed Drag Scale Factor Estimation (DSFE), and is used for high-precision orbit propagator (HPOP) up to an altitude of 100 km to predict the re-entry time and position of the space object. The effectiveness of this re-entry prediction is shown through the re-entry time window and ground track of space objects falling in real events, Grace-1, Grace-2, Tiangong-1, and Chang Zheng-5B Rocket body. As a result, through analysis 12 hours before the final re-entry time, it is shown that the re-entry time window and crash time can be accurately predicted with an error of less than 20 minutes.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

Accurate DEM(Digital Elevation Model) generation using satellite images is an active research topic. This paper focuses on generation of a DEM with multiple Kompsat-2 images. For DEM generation, we applied an orbit-attitude sensor model and a RPM sensor model to stereo and multiple Kompsat-2 images respectively. For matching, we used an object-space based matching method. Through the result of this experiment, we could confirm that the sensor model from multiple images is more accurate than the model from stereo images. Also DEM from multiple images gave much better performance than DEM from stereo images.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.204-209
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• 2007

수중에서의 하향 방향의 감쇠 계수 (Diffuse attenuation coefficient of down-welling irradiance, $K_d$)에 대한 연구는 상충 해양에 대한 열전달 수중에서의 광합성 및 다른 생물학적 과정에 대한 연구，해양 일차 생산력 추정, 대양 및 연안에서의 탁도 추정 등에 대한 연구의 보조 자료로서 해양원격탐사를 포함한 해양에 대한 연구에 매우 중요한 요소이다. 우리나라는 세계 최초의 정지궤도 해색 센서인 Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI)를 2008년 말에 통신해양기상위성 (COMS, Communication Ocean and Meteorological Satellite)에 탑재하여 쏘아 올릴 계획에 있다. 이 센서는 매일 한 시간 간격으로 한반도 주변 해역을 8회 이상 관측할 계획에 었다. 따라서 기존의 해색 센서들에 비해서 시간 해상도가 향상되기 때문에 해양 환경 모니터링에 있어서 많은 도움이 될 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 앞으로 운영될 GOCI 센서에 대한 수중에서의 하향 방향의 감쇠계수 (The diffuse attenuation coefficient of down-welling irradiance, $K_d$) 알고리즘을 현장 관측 값을 이용하여 미리 만들어 보고 이를 현재의 대표적인 해색 센서인 SeaWiFS 영상의$K_d$(490) product와 비교하여 보았다.