• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.38
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• pp.177-194
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• 2015

This study that had been conducted two months by a research team of Pusan National University at the request of Korea Manwha Contents Agency in Dec. 2013 is about the statistical analysis on 'Korean Webtoon DB and its Flow Report' which resulted from the complete survey of Korean webtoons which had been published with payment in official media from early 2000 to 2013. Webtoon which means the cartoons published on web has become a typical type of Korean cartoons and has developed into a main industry since 2000s when traditional published cartoons had declined and social environments had changed. Today, it represents cultural contents in Korea. This study collected the webtoons officially published in media with payment, among Korean webtoons having been published from the early 2000s to Jan. Based on the collected data, it analyzed the general characteristics of webtoons, including cartoonists, the number of cartoons, distribution chart of each media, genre, and publication cycle. According to the data analysis and statistics, a great deal of Korean webtoons are still published in main portal websites, but their platform is being diversified and a webtoon's publication cycle tends to be shortened. In terms of genre, traditional popular genres, such as drama, comic, fantasy, and action, are still popular, and the genres of history, sports, and food are on the rise along with a social trend. Regarding webtoon application, such events as relay webtoon and brand webtoon, and a new type of webtoon featuring PPL commercialism appear. Such phenomena can realize the common profits of cartoonists, media, and ordering bodies, and are various trials to test the possibility of webtoons. In addition, what needs to pay attention on in the expansion of webtoons is increasing webtoons for adults. The study subjects are the webtoons published with payment, excluding free webtoons. However, this study failed to collect the webtoons published on the online websites already closed, and the lost information on cartoonists and their lost webtoons, and it is necessary to conduct a complete survey on all webtoons including free ones. Despite the limitations, this study is meaningful in the points that it categorized and analyzed Korean webtoons accoridng to official media, webtoons, cartoonists, and genres and that it provided a fundamental material to understand the current conditions of webtoons. It is expected that this study will be able to contribute to activating more research on webtoons and producing more supplementary data which will be used for the Korean cartoon industry and academia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.194-204
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• 2016

With the fast diffusion of smart media, Webtoon has become popular contents among Korean people. Webtoon's content is being used in various content industries, such as movies and drama, and thus its cultural influence is increasing. Using ordinal Regression analysis, this study tried to find major factors affecting webtoon's success. This study found that readers' rating, number of likes, OSMU, author power, genre, picture style are important factors affecting the success of webtoon. This study has several business implications for the Korean webtoon industry.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.770-773
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 매년 성장하는 웹툰 시장 속에서 신인 작가들이 성공할 수 있는 성공 요인을 밝히고자 하였다. 국내 1위 웹툰 플랫폼인 네이버 웹툰 중 데뷔작을 기준으로 완결 웹툰 212개, 연재 중인 웹툰 112개, 총 324개의 웹툰을 수집하여 연구를 진행하였다. 기존 선행연구와의 차별화를 두기 위해 독자의 직접적인 반응 중 하나인 댓글을 성공 요인에 포함하였다. 댓글에 담긴 긍정, 부정을 나타내는 주관을 탐지하기 위해 딥러닝을 이용하여 감성 분석을 실시하였다. 각 웹툰에 대한 댓글 반응을 포함하여 평균, '좋아요' 수, 장르 그리고 첫 화 댓글 수와 5화까지 평균 댓글 수를 흥행에 영향을 미치는 독립변수로 사용했다. 댓글 반응이 중요 요인인지를 확인하기 위해 각 모델 생성 시 댓글 반응을 포함한 모델과 포함하지 않은 모델을 생성하여 성능 평가를 실시하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석, 아다 부스트, 그리고 서포트 벡터 머신 모델을 정확도와 ROC 그래프를 이용해 효율성을 비교하고, 이를 통해 댓글 반응을 활용한 로지스틱 회귀 모델이 가장 적합하다고 판단하였다. 모델 생성 결과 '좋아요' 수, 1화 댓글 수, 댓글 반응 순으로 성공 요인에 많은 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.585-595
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• 2022

This study confirmed the effect of attitude factors on advertisement effect for the purpose of producing effective webtoon advertisement and suggesting media execution strategy. Data were collected using the experimental method. The research results are as follows. First, it was found that only the attitude of advertisement had a significant effect on the advertisement attention when the form of the webtoon advertisement was general format type ad. Second, when the form of webtoon advertisement was general format type ad, advertisement attitude and product attitude had a significant effect on advertisement click intention. Third, when the placement of the webtoon advertisement was inserted in the middle of the webtoon, the advertisement attitude had a significant effect on the advertisement attention. Fourth, when the product of the webtoon advertisement was an experience product, it was advertisement attitude that had a significant effect on advertisement attention. This study is valuable in that it proposed a strategy for producing webtoon advertisements and executing media through experimental research.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-98
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• 2015

This study will examine the visual composition by which Secretly Greatly, in a circumstance that even the good original Manhwas or Webtoon have not made a hit on the market until now, could attract the spectator, in other word, illustrate the analogousness of the images through analysing visual texts. The study draw, first of all, a meaning of the box office performance caused by analogousness of image, that is similarity between the webtoon and film. In addition, the study will come up with an answer to the question that the webtoon, not in a temporary trend but in a sustainable form, can make itself develop. For this, the study suggests a meaning, worth and importance of the transformation, analysing visual components of a webtoon to film adaptation, Secretly Greatly. It primarily ranges over visual components, mise-en-scène identified with its expression formula, frame to frame changes and colour and tone. The examination sets the cinema's visual expression manner against the webtoon's on their concrete components: the size of scene, movement, color and tone, narrative condition and its background, spatial composition and depth, contrast, expression manner and disposition manner.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.67-88
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• 2019

Webtoon is a Korean-style digital comics platform that distributes comics content produced using the characteristic elements of the Internet in a form that can be consumed online. With the recent rapid growth of the webtoon industry and the exponential increase in the supply of webtoon content, the need for effective webtoon content recommendation measures is growing. Webtoons are digital content products that combine pictorial, literary and digital elements. Therefore, webtoons stimulate consumer sentiment by making readers have fun and engaging and empathizing with the situations in which webtoons are produced. In this context, it can be expected that the sentiment that webtoons evoke to consumers will serve as an important criterion for consumers' choice of webtoons. However, there is a lack of research to improve webtoons' recommendation performance by utilizing consumer sentiment. This study is aimed at developing consumer sentiment pattern maps that can support effective recommendations of webtoon content, focusing on consumer sentiments that have not been fully discussed previously. Metadata and consumer sentiments data were collected for 200 works serviced on the Korean webtoon platform 'Naver Webtoon' to conduct this study. 488 sentiment terms were collected for 127 works, excluding those that did not meet the purpose of the analysis. Next, similar or duplicate terms were combined or abstracted in accordance with the bottom-up approach. As a result, we have built webtoons specialized sentiment-index, which are reduced to a total of 63 emotive adjectives. By performing exploratory factor analysis on the constructed sentiment-index, we have derived three important dimensions for classifying webtoon types. The exploratory factor analysis was performed through the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using varimax factor rotation. The three dimensions were named 'Immersion', 'Touch' and 'Irritant' respectively. Based on this, K-Means clustering was performed and the entire webtoons were classified into four types. Each type was named 'Snack', 'Drama', 'Irritant', and 'Romance'. For each type of webtoon, we wrote webtoon-sentiment 2-Mode network graphs and looked at the characteristics of the sentiment pattern appearing for each type. In addition, through profiling analysis, we were able to derive meaningful strategic implications for each type of webtoon. First, The 'Snack' cluster is a collection of webtoons that are fast-paced and highly entertaining. Many consumers are interested in these webtoons, but they don't rate them well. Also, consumers mostly use simple expressions of sentiment when talking about these webtoons. Webtoons belonging to 'Snack' are expected to appeal to modern people who want to consume content easily and quickly during short travel time, such as commuting time. Secondly, webtoons belonging to 'Drama' are expected to evoke realistic and everyday sentiments rather than exaggerated and light comic ones. When consumers talk about webtoons belonging to a 'Drama' cluster in online, they are found to express a variety of sentiments. It is appropriate to establish an OSMU(One source multi-use) strategy to extend these webtoons to other content such as movies and TV series. Third, the sentiment pattern map of 'Irritant' shows the sentiments that discourage customer interest by stimulating discomfort. Webtoons that evoke these sentiments are hard to get public attention. Artists should pay attention to these sentiments that cause inconvenience to consumers in creating webtoons. Finally, Webtoons belonging to 'Romance' do not evoke a variety of consumer sentiments, but they are interpreted as touching consumers. They are expected to be consumed as 'healing content' targeted at consumers with high levels of stress or mental fatigue in their lives. The results of this study are meaningful in that it identifies the applicability of consumer sentiment in the areas of recommendation and classification of webtoons, and provides guidelines to help members of webtoons' ecosystem better understand consumers and formulate strategies.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.469-502
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• 2013

Webtoons are popularly consumed in Korea. Especially the 'Dailytoons', which are composed of short episodes, are the most popular form of webtoons. This study focuses on the specific narrative structure of the dailytoons, and also tries to figure out what makes webtoons so popular. This study tried to analyze the special features of figures, events, and backgrounds of webtoons. Particularly in webtoons, Korean metropolitan is employed as a background and the daily life of the lower middle class in this big city is importantly used in the story. Each cut of a webtoon consists of simple words and images, and it shows the life of modern people and the way they recognize the reality. The important thing is that the image and the narrative of one cut often appears contradictively. 'Irony' occurs in the process of combination of the words and images. And the life of the lower middle class is depicted 'fun-and-sadly' through irony. For example, the main characters of webtoons are portrayed as persecuted victims because of their lack of information or ignorance. At this point, they are described ridiculously by a play on words. In addition, webtoons often presents twist plots using the scroll bars and margins of 'web' interface. Also it uses parody to show reality in satire. With irony, webtoons represent the daily life of the public, which is cynical as well as humorous. This study tried to suggest that webtoons should attribute its success to 'irony' in its narrative.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2020.07a
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• pp.539-542
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• 2020

모바일 게임의 시장에서 기존 PC 게임, 애니메이션, 웹툰 등 원작 IP를 활용한 게임들이 늘고 있다. 그중 웹툰 IP를 활용하여 제작되는 게임이 종종 출시되고 있지만 흥행하지 못하는 게 현재의 웹툰 IP 게임의 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 원작 IP 중 웹툰 IP를 기반으로 제작한 게임들의 특징을 살펴보고 성공요소와 실패요소에 대해 분석한다. 본 논문에서 제시한 성공요소와 실패요소는 웹툰 IP를 기반으로 게임을 개발할 때 고려할 요소로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

This paper aims to develope the technology for monitoring and identifying webtoon works that are being illegally distributed through the web-hard, torrent and overseas websites. The technology is to effectively prevent the illegal distribution and protect the copyrights of the webtoon works, leading to create a healthy market. This paper deals with the technology for (a) automatic collection of webtoon works from the webtoon service sites, (b) extraction of the features from the images of the collected webtoon works, and (c) registers them in the feature database. For these purposes, the required system performance and features were analyzed and the structures of webtoon service sites were examined, through which the system for automatic registration of webtoon works and features was developed. The system can work for the early stage blockage of illegal distributions of webtoon works which occur during the period from webtoon posting to feature registration.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.431-436
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• 2016

Web-toon is provided to users in the form of Web-toon and The users are steadily rising and increasing amount of using time until today. Web-toon has become a popular pastime among smartphone users. Therefore, when providing services, Web-toon application should be made with an appropriate system so that it can be easily used, and considering problems that users may have while using the application, it should help users have better experiences. With Naver Web-toon and Lezin Comics as subjects, user experiences of teenagers were analyzed with questionnaires based on Honeycomb model of Peter Morville. The score of Naver Web-toon was higher than Lezin Comics after user experience assesment, and usability and accessibility as important factors turned out to be influential to teen-aged users who use Web-toon services.