• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2015

In many nuclear power plant sites in Korea, high density storage racks were installed in the spent fuel pool to expand the spent fuel storage capacity. Nevertheless, the capability of the Hanbit nuclear site will be saturated by 2024. Also, 10 NPPs will reach their design life expiration date by 2029. In the case of the US, SFPI (Spent Fuel Pool Island) operated temporarily as a spent fuel storage option before spent nuclear fuels were transported to an interim storage facility or a final disposal facility. As a spent fuel storage option after shutdown during decommissioning, the SFPI concept can be expected to have the following effects: reduced occupational exposure, lower cost of operation, strengthened safety, and so on. This paper presents a case study associated with the regulations, operating experiences, and systems of SFPI in the US. In conclusion, the following steps are recommended for applying SFPI during decommissioning in Korea: confirmation of design change scope of SFPI and expected final cost, the submission of a decommissioning plan which is reflected in SFPI improvement plans, safety assessment using PSR, application of an operating license change for design change, regulatory body review and approval, design change, inspection by the regulatory body, education and commissioning for SFPI, SFPI operation and periodic inspection, and dismantling of SFPI.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2018

Buses, one of the representative public transportation modes, are divided into a vareity of service types according to the purpose of operation, operating distance, and management agencies. Although bus-involved crashes may cause large amount of damage due to the higher number of passengers boarded on a bus, prior research has little focused on crash severity according to bus service types. This study aims to investigate factors influencing crash severity in bus-involved crashes and to present policy implications to reduce crash severity by bus service type. To do this, bus-involved crash data from the Traffic Accident Analysis System (TAAS) during five-year period are used. Ordered probit models for three types of bus service, i.e., city bus, suburban and express buses, and charter buses, are estimated to analyze the factors of accident severity. The results show that there are significant differences of factors affecting crash severity among the types of bus services while speed and road surface influence all the types of buses. In case of local buses, time of day, roadway alignment, and installation of a traffic signal are found to be statistically significant factors. Seat belt and road class have significant effects on injury severity of the intercity and express buses. Chartered buses have time of day, driving experience, seatbelt, traffic signal, and day of week as the significant factors. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the reduction of the crash severity by each bus service type.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2012

In this study, dark fermentative hydrogen production (DFHP) from acid pretreated microalgal biomass was optimized with via statistical experimental design. Acid concentration and reaction time were varied from 0.1 to 3% (v/w) and 10 to 60 min with substrate concentration of 76 g dry cell weight (dcw)/L and initial pH of 7.4, respectively. During the fermentation, pH was not controlled. The optimal condition was found that at $H_{2}$ yield reached to 37.3 mL $H_{2}/g$ dcw at 1.2% HCl and 48 min. Through regression analysis, it was found that $H_{2}$ yield was well fitted by a quadratic polynomial equation ($R^{2}$=0.95). HCl concentration was the most significant factor influencing DFHP. The results of ANOVA verify that HCl concentration was the most significant factor influencing DFHP.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2009

The spent cationic exchange resins and anionic exchange resins were separated from mixed spent exchange resins by a fluidized bed gravimetric separator. The separated resins were identified by an elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The each test sample was prepared by diluting the slurry made by wet ball milling the cationic exchange resins and the anionic exchange resins separated as a spherical granular form for 24 hours. The resulting test samples showed a slurry form of less than $75{\mu}m$ of particle size and 25,000ppm of $COD_{cr}$. The decomposition conditions of each test samples from a thermal power plant were obtained with a lab-scale(reactor volume : 220mL) supercritical water oxidation(SCWO) facility. Then pilot plant(reactor volume : 24 L) tests were performed with the test samples from a thermal power plant and a nuclear power plant successively. Based on the optimal decomposition conditions and the operation experiences by lab-scale facility and the pilot plant, a commercial plant(capacity : 150kg/h) can be installed in a nuclear power plant was designed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.349-365
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• 2004

기업의 또는 부문에서 구축된 각 정보시스템들은 시간이 지남에 따라 기업의 경쟁우위를 확보하기 위해 통합의 필요성이 증대하게 되었는데, 이러한 필요에 의해 제기된 것이 ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning: 전사적 자원관리)이다. 급변하는 기업의 내${\cdot}$외부 환경에 대해 신속하게 대응하기 위해 ERP 시스템을 도입하는 기업들의 수가 증가함에도 불구하고 ERP 원가관리시스템에 대한 연구는 아직까지 그 범위가 한정되었다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 ERP 도입 현황 및 원가관리시스템의 도입${\cdot}$설계현황자료를 바탕으로 하여, 중소기업의 ERP 원가관리시스템의 성공적 도입을 위한 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 중소기업에서 ERP 원가관리시스템을 도입할 때는, 원가관리시스템의 특성과 구축 목표, 구조 설계, 원가대상 설정 등과 관련된 다음과 같은 사항들을 고려하여야 성공적인 시스템을 구축할 수 있을 것이다. 첫째, ERP 원가관리시스템 특성 분석단계에서는 원가정보를 구성하는 내용의 충실성뿐만 아니라 정보가 전달${\cdot}$제공되는 범위와 대상의 적합성과 함께 그 표현의 형식 또한 고려되어야 한다. 둘째, ERP 원가관리시스템 구축목표 설정단계에서는 인가관리정보의 산출요건에 대한 명확한 이해와 목표설정을 기반으로 해야 한다. 셋째, ERP 원가 관리시스템 구조 분석 및 선계단계에서는 생산관리시스템 및 원가대상 설정 분석이 이루어져야 한다. 넷째, ERP 원가관리시스템 구현단계에서는 원가관리시스템과 타 계열시스템과의 인터페이스를 고려해야 한다. 따라서 원가관리시스템의 구현 시에는 관련시스템에서 어떠한 정보론 인터페이스 받을 것인가를 명확히 하여 시스템 가동 시에 타 관련시스템과 원활한 연계가 되도록 함으로써 전사적 종합시스템이 되도록 하여야 학 것이다.RS와 제진장치에 대한 전체적인 성능평가를 성공적으로 수행하였으며, 운전결과 및 경험은 향후 상용설비를 위한 기본자료로 활용할 것이다.X>, 그리고 입원기간은 $21.6\pm14.3일(13\~56)$이었다. 수술 후 평균 CK-MB는 $11.3\pm14.1ng/mL$였다. 수술 후 조기 혈관 개존율은 $100\% (24/24)$였다. 모든 환자에서 완전 추적이 가능하였으며 평균 추적기간은 $20.4\pm15.2개월(5\~43)$이었다. 이 기간 중 사망환자나 흉통이 재발한 환자는 없었다. 걸론: 80세 이상 고령의 환자에서 OPCAB은 수술 후 합병증을 줄이고 좋은 결과를 보여 주었다. 그러므로 고령의 환자에서도 관상동맥우회술의 적응증이 되면 적극적으로 수술을 시행할 필요가 있으며, 수술방법은 OPCAB이 좋을 것으로 생각한다서 실용적 개발의 가능성을 보였다.에 따라 현저한 차이가 있었으며 Dimethoate처리$(30^{\circ}C,\; 0.2\%$액에서 24시간)에 의하여 볍씨의 호흡량이 감소되었다. 9) 산소호흡량과 평균발아소요일수와는 $\gamma=-0.945$로 부의 유의한 상관을 보였는데 산소호흡량이 많은 품종은 평균발아소요일수가 짧은 경향을 보였다. 10) 볍씨의 산소호흡량과 Dimethoate 처리에 의한 볍씨의 발아저해도와는 $\gamma=-0,771$의 높은 부의 상관을 보였으며 산색호흡량이 많은 품종이 발아저해도가 낮고 적은 품종에서는 높았다. 현재까지는 그 활동이 11.2년의 주기성을 보여주지만 그 이전에 있어서는 그 활동이 극히 약화되었을 뿐만 아니라 매우 불규칙하다는 것이 Schneider와 Mass(1975)에 의해 밝혀졌다. 결국 1710년대부터 현재까지 우리나라에 있어서 벼멸구와 흰

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.384-389
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• 2004

As the increase of the operation year of nuclear power plants, the probabilities of the degradation of the major facilities and materials in the nuclear power plants are increased. The integrity of those facilities shall be monitored and verified by the non-destructive examination methods with the regulation codes, so called inservice inspection(ISI). The ISI of Yonggwang unit 6 was performed in four different parts, 1) non-destructive examinations for the components, piping weldments and structures, 2) automated ultrasonic examinations for pressure vessels, 3) visual examinations for the interior structures of the reactor, 4) eddy current examinations for the steam generator tubes. As the results, there was no severe indication and all detected indications were evaluated as non-relavent. Especially for the examinations of the piping weldments, PD(Performance Demonstration) was applied as a W examination method defined in the 1995 edition of ASME Code Sec. XI. The implementation of the PD for the piping weld results in an improvement of the reliability of the UT examinations.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

In level 5 (mind-off) of autonomous driving, the autonomous vehicle passengers are expected to have various activities such as face-to-face meetings, working, relaxing, and watching movies. In particular, various changes in the interior space of the vehicle are expected. Moreover, according to the survey conducted by the American Automobile Association, 73% of the respondents reported that they were afraid to board autonomous vehicles. In level 5 of autonomous driving, the subject of safety was expected to be transferred to autonomous vehicles; thus, research should be conducted from the user's perspective. Recently, various studies have been conducted to secure the safety of fully autonomous vehicles. However, there are limited studies addressing the psychological safety of actual passengers. Therefore, this study conducted a questionnaire based on the AHP technique. Consequently, the automobile safety system's priority for securing passengers' psychological safety according to each type of indoor behavior was derived, and the interior space for securing the psychological stability of passengers was suggested based on the obtained results. This study offers a new direction for interior space design, satisfying the psychological safety of passengers. This study is important because it advocates that the interior environment of fully autonomous driving cars is expected to be designed to secure the user's psychological safety.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.475-482
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• 2021

This study proposed a strategy with literature review on effective monitoring of dispersion of the particulate matters (PM) emitted from domestic open pit lime mines. The mines generally produced a large amount of PM through the mine processes such as crushing and transportation of raw or crushed ores. The PM emission from mine facilities or transportation can be assessed using empirical equations which was prepared through the experimental tests to produce PM from ores. For effective monitoring of mine PM dispersion, this study showed a preliminary application of the monitoring network with multiple low-cost sensors around a main PM emission source for each mine site. Therefore, two domestic limestone mine sites were selected for this study, and install the monitoring network with low-cost PM sensors and LTE (Long-term evolution) data communication. Then, preliminary resultant PM data plotted according to monitoring duration showed typical PM dispersion patterns. The quantification of the PM dispersion patterns should be roughly prepared by a PM size-dependent dispersion modeling.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.103-116
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• 2022

The South Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport designated seven automated driving test beds required to evaluate vehicle performance every year for the expansion of mobility services based on automated driving. As a fundamental study, we suggested a necessary example of evaluating the performance with a satisfaction survey for the services before the evaluation. First, we surveyed the perception of automated driving services of users and the public in Sejong-si, South Korea. The survey showed that the users had a higher level of awareness of automated driving technology and intention to use it than the public. Second, the satisfaction survey was conducted on demand-responsive public transportation and automated driving service users. Notably, using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, among the non-parametric statistical analysis methods, we found that safety-related factors affected the overall satisfaction of users of automated driving services. On the other hand, in the case of the demand-responsive public transportation service users, factors related to service convenience affected overall satisfaction. Hence, the results of these surveys are expected to be used as basic data and guidelines to improve the quality of automated driving services and policy establishment.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.51-70
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• 2023

This study employed driving simulation to examine how takeover request (TOR) information modalities (visual, auditory, and visual + auditory) in Level-3 automated vehicles, and road types (straight and curved) influence the driver's control takeover time (TOT) and mental workload, assessed through subjective workload and heart rate variations. The findings reveal several key points. First, visual TOR resulted in the quickest TOT, while auditory TOR led to the longest. Second, TOT was considerably slower on curved roads compared to straight roads, with the greatest difference observed under the auditory TOR condition. Third, the auditory TOR condition generally induced lower subjective workload and heart rate variability than the visual or visual + auditory conditions. Finally, significant heart rate changes were predominantly observed in curved road conditions. These outcomes indicate that TOT and mental workload levels in drivers are influenced by both the TOR modality and road geometry. Notably, a faster TOT is associated with increased mental workload.