• The monthly packaging world
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• s.154
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• pp.85-89
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• 2006

• 월간 기계설비
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• s.60
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• pp.86-89
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• 1995

• Korean Architects
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• no.3 s.192
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• pp.60-63
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• 1985

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 1995

There has been an increased awareness of the need to confirm the chloroform exposure associated with using chlorinated household water. Ten of a 30-minute tub bath were normally taken by two volunteers in a bathroom of an apartment. Chloroform concentrations were measured in bathing water and bathroom air, and exhaled breath of the subjects prior to and after bathing. Bathing using chlorinated tap water resulted in a chloroform exposure and caused a body burden. Based on the difference of chloroform concentrations between breath samples collected prior to and after bathing, the chloroform body burden from a 30-minute bath was estimated to be about 8 to 26 folds higher than that prior to the bath. The mean water and bathroom air chloroform concentrations measured to evaluate the body burden were $9.4\mu\textrm{g}/l$ and TEX>$14.9\mu\textrm{g}/m^3$, respectively. The chloroform level of the bathroom air was 각 to 130 times higher than that of the living-room air. The relationship between the bathroom air and the corresponding breath chloroform concentrations were significant with p=0.03 and $R^2=0.47$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.125-125
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• 1995

There has been an increased awareness of the need to confirm the chloroform exposure associated with using chlorinated household water. Ten of a 30-minute tub bath were normally taken by two volunteers in a bathroom of an apartment. Chloroform concentrations were measured in bathing water and bathroom air, and exhaled breath of the subjects prior to and after bathing. Bathing using chlorinated tap water resulted in a chloroform exposure and caused a body burden. Based on the difference of chloroform concentrations between breath samples collected prior to and after bathing, the chloroform body burden from a 30-minute bath was estimated to be about 8 to 26 folds higher than that prior to the bath. The mean water and bathroom air chloroform concentrations measured to evaluate the body burden were $9.4\mu\textrm{g}/l$ and TEX>$14.9\mu\textrm{g}/m^3$, respectively. The chloroform level of the bathroom air was 각 to 130 times higher than that of the living-room air. The relationship between the bathroom air and the corresponding breath chloroform concentrations were significant with p=0.03 and $R^2=0.47$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.123-126
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• 2004

This study aims to identify the change of bathroom design characteristics through the investigation of bathroom space in apartment model houses. The bathroom space of each private exclusive area was analyzed from the plane characteristics perspective such as quantity, location, size and shape. For this study, site survey and observation was performed to analyze the characteristics of plane and design based on twenty seven model houses of seven large-sized construction firms with Seoul area focused on. Research object was restricted to from ten Pyeong's apartment to sixty Pyeong's in order to understand various characteristics of twenty seven model houses. Since analysis variables were not diverse, the main three factors - frequency, percentage and an average - were represented in Microsoft Excel worksheet, focusing on the quantity of each case, design characteristics and pattern. 1) The quantity of bathrooms: It was turned out that the quantity of bathroom was one in ten Pyeong's apartment while it was two in thirty, forty, and fifty Pyeong's apartment. There were mostly two bathrooms available in twenty Pyeong's apartment even if only one was planned in few cases. All powder rooms and dress rooms in twenty and fifty Pyeong's apartment were designed to be separated and be accessible through bedroom. 2) The size of bathrooms: As private exclusive area increased, the size of bathroom for both family and couple increased. Couple bathrooms had the tendency to be equipped with shower booth and bathtub at the same place or have more tubs than family bathrooms because couple bathrooms were bigger than family bathrooms. 3) The location of bathrooms: Couple bathrooms were usually located beyond dress rooms or powder rooms while family bathrooms were mostly located at the entrance side. 4) The shape of bathrooms: Shower booth was assumed to be in general vogue because family bathrooms, for the most part, were comprised of a flush toilet, a washstand and a shower booth. In the case of couple bathrooms, a flush toilet, a washstand, a shower booth and a tub were generally equipped in more than twenty Pyeong's apartments while a tub was not installed in twenty Pyeong's apartments.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.3-15
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• 2017

The study on bathroom plan for the elderly who use wheelchair has been done continuously. However, the elderly's behaviour at the bathroom and consideration for the caregiver has been underestimated. In this perspective, the purpose of this study is to find out how much more bathroom size is needed for the elderly who use wheelchair and the caregiver based on their behaviours. The study method is as follows: First, behaviours which occur at bathroom were collected from the previous research. Second, the size needed was calculated based on the elderly and caregiver's movement. Third, the size of bathroom enough for the impaired elderly with caregivers was suggested. The room next to shower booth and bath tub should be expanded for the caregiver. In addition, the room beside the basin should be added as much as $600{\times}600$ to let the caregiver stand and support the elderly when they are needed to wash their hair. As a result, the size of bathroom should be at least planed as follow; $1.3m^2$ more for type A, $1.5m^2$ more for type B, $1.6m^2$ more for type C, and $1.1m^2$ more for type D. As the bathroom is the room that the elderly want to modify for their rest of the lives, the room should be reserved enough from the early stage of design, so that this will make the elderly be possible stay at the place until they want to stay.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

Nowadays, as the environmental pollution becomes severe on the earth, the water resource which can be used practically is dried up because of the natural disaster. And so, this is the time to be necessary to have the method for saving the water resource. This study investigates the distributions of velocity and temperature by the flow analysis inside the faucet models for bathroom. Model 3 has the most uniform distribution of temperature after mixing among all models. As model 3 has the smallest velocity distribution and the biggest space to mix by comparing the other models, it is seen to have the most influence on the discharged velocity of water and save the water. As the space of various configuration inside faucet model for bathroom is made by using the result of this study, it is thought to utilize at the development of this model in which more mixing becomes and the water can be saved. And it is possible to be grafted onto the convergence technique at design and show the esthetic sense.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2002

Through academic-industrial collaboration program, special knowledge and human resources in the university are utilized in the society and it may contribute to the development of industry and enhance the competitiveness of the corporation to the activation and acceleration of the regional economy and finally to the enhancement of competitiveness of national industry in international level. This study is based upon design process for the development of body-shower product for bath room, and expected to be used as an important educational material for establishment of order-based education system which conforms to the job site needs that may be analysed from feedback of product results and for practical learning.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.299-302
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• 2019

스마트홈 구축을 위한 다양한 IoT 기술 발전과 더불어 IoT 장비들의 저전력, 고효율, 편리성에 대한 사용자 니즈에 대한 관심이 급증하고 있다. 이러한 사용자 니즈를 반영하듯이 최근 아두이노 및 라즈베리 파이등 저비용으로 IoT 장비를 구축할 수 있는 다양한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 우리는 본 연구를 통해 뉴로-퍼지기술을 이용해 저전력, 고효율, 편리성을 겸비한 저렴한 IoT 장비 및 솔루션을 제안하고자 한다. 뉴로-퍼지를 이용하게 되면 기존의 단순한 센싱에 대한 제어와 다르게 다양한 환경변수를 분석하고 고려해 효율적인 제어가 가능할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 욕실 환경에서의 발생할 수 있는 다양한 환경변수를 추출하고 사용자가 편리하게 사용할 수 있도록 실시간 발생하는 상황과 온도, 습도 등을 뉴로-퍼지를 통해 제어할 수 있는 알고리즘을 설계한다. 그리하여 뉴로-퍼지를 이용하여 설계된 욕실환경 제어 시스템은 사용자의 욕실 이용에 효과적인 영향을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 우리는 본 연구에서 저비용 고효율의 효율적 시스템을 구성할 수 있는 IoT 센서와 아두이노 및 라즈베리 파이를 활용해 다양한 IoT 장비들을 모니터링하고 분석하여 쾌적한 스마트 홈을 구축할 수 있는 방향을 제시하였다. 또한 그러한 IoT 장비들을 제어할 수 있는 IoT gateway system을 설계하고 구현하였다.