• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.17-35
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to present empirically the factors in appearance management behavior, the differences in appearance management behavior according to various occupational characteristics and demographic characteristics, and the degree of efforts to manage appearance for workers. The questionnaire was administered to 1,056 male and female workers in 10 occupational categories in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, analyses of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. The results of the study are as follows. First, the factors of workers' appearance management behavior consist of 'appearance management for decoration' and 'appearance management for a good feeling'. Workers perform appearance management behavior for a good feeling more than appearance management behavior for decoration. Second, there were statistically significant differences in the appearance management behaviors of the workers according to occupational categories, the size of the organization, the presence of the dress code in the workplace. Third, there were statistically significant differences in the management behaviors of workers by gender of demographic characteristics. Fourth, the largest number of monthly average expense for appearance management was 100,000~300,000 won (44.1%), and the largest number of daily average time for appearance management was 30 minutes~1 hour (45.5%). This study presents the tendency of appearance management behaviors according to the occupational characteristics and demographic characteristics of workers and helps the marketer in the appearance industry understand the target customer clearly.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.625-636
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of social appearance anxiety, negative body image, appearance importance on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. For data collection, a questionnaire was administrated to 428 female college students in Gwangju City, Korea. The results were summarized as follows. To analysis the data, the SPSS 20.0 was used, and frequence analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, F-test were conducted. The results were summarized as follows. First, social appearance anxiety turned out to have significant positive effect on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. Second, negative body image had positive effect on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. Third, appearance importance turned out to have significant effect on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. The results of this study above suggest that it would be necessary to seek for measures to reduce individual's appearance anxiety, negative body image, and appearance importance. Especially, People should get the realization of the beautiful on the inside that includes personality is more important than having external beauty. And, it is considered that the requirements of the social effort and education through a school and a media as well as a family for reducing the individual's appearance anxiety, negative body image, and the serious consideration of the appearance as rejecting the discrimination based on appearance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.128-129
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• 2004

• 한국생활과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.141-142
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• 2010

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.23-43
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• 2009

This study examined the relativity between school uniform behavior(especially attitude toward school uniform, school uniform satisfaction, school uniform alteration) and attitude toward appearance in the adolescence. From November to December in 2007, 898 middle school and high school students from four schools in Jeollabuk-do Province were analyzed and the influence of relevant variables was understood to gather basic information about the fashion life in the adolescence. This study used SPSS 11.5 for Windows Program to conduct frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple comparison test, and Pearson's correlation. The following summarizes the findings of this study: The results of analysing the factors to the response attitude toward uniforms and attitude toward appearance and clothing attitude emerged four dimensions(fashion, symbolism, cleanliness, alternation), three dimensions(needs value conformity toward appearance). In attitude toward uniform, female students were more actively altering their uniforms than male students and middle school students were more sensitive to trends than high school students. However, high school students were more aware of the cleanliness and alteration of uniforms. Overall, most students were not very satisfied with their uniforms (design, color, texture). When students' attitude toward appearance and demographical characteristics were examined, it was found that female students were more aware of desire, value, and conformity in appearances than male students. By age, it was found that high school students were more aware than middle school students. Also, students receiving KRW 30,000 or more for monthly allowance were more aware than others who receive a lower amount between KRW 10,000 and KRW 20,000. Therefore, most students(62.1%) have experiences in altering uniforms. Especially, more female students and more high school students had such experiences. Uniform alteration is more related to attitude to appearance. In other words, students who choose to alter their uniforms are highly aware of desire, value, and conformity toward appearance. Students who are satisfied with all factors regarding attitude toward uniform, except for alteration, did not alter their uniforms that much. In addition, when the relativity between students' attitude toward appearance with uniform was considered, students that are not very satisfied with their uniforms were more aware of desire, value, and conformity toward appearance. In conclusion, it was found that students' attitude toward appearance and school uniform behavior are closely related and their interests in appearance lead to alteration of uniforms, the clothing in which they spend most time of the day. From now on, students' opinions shall be considered when selecting or designing school uniforms.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2016

The object of this study was to find out the influence of juvenile self-consciousness on the importance of unit 'clothing and self-express' in technology home economics curriculum and appearance management behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 244 middle school students living in Deagu metropolitan City. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, and ${\chi}^2-test$ were used for data analysis. Our findings are as follows. Self-consciousness had factors as privately and socially self-consciousness and social anxiety. The factors of the importance of unit 'Clothing and self-express' were clothing, self-express and excellence in traditional clothing. Appearance management behavior had factors as appearance management, plastic surgery interest, diet importance, health focus and eating habit. Self-consciousness was found to have significant effects on the factors of the importance of unit 'Clothing and self-express', and self-consciousness on factors of appearance management behavior. The differences by gender of middle students was examined in clothing and textile interest, clothing and textile unit interest and knowledge acquisition route.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.554-564
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• 2013

We provide an empirical assessment that examines the differences in appearance management behavior, life satisfaction and demographic variables between groups classified by individual lifestyle. Questionnaires were administered to 513 female and male adults over 17 years of age in the Daegu and Kyungbok metropolitan regions. Descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, ANOVA, Duncan test and ${\chi}^2$ test were applied to analyze data from 513 respondents. The results are as follows. First, we did a cluster analysis on the appearance management behavior of weight training, skin care, hair care, make-up and clothing selection. Four groups (passive, rational, fashion oriented, and active typed) where classified according to individual lifestyle. Second, the rational and active groups were more interested in the social life, environmental stability, health, fashion and economic seeking life. They were also more involved in appearance management behavior and in a higher level of life satisfaction. However, the differences of life satisfaction among the lifestyle group (male) were not statistically significant. Third, females with higher level of income and education (among the demographic variables) belonged to the active group. We found significant differences in appearance management behavior, life satisfaction and demographic variables among male and female groups classified by lifestyle.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.809-822
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate male adult' appearance management behavior according to objectified body consciousness. The subjects were 648 male adults aged from 20 to 59 and measuring instruments consisted of objectified body consciousness, appearance management behavior, and subjects' demographics attributions. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, cluster analysis, multiple response analysis, cross tabs analysis, ${\chi}^2$ test, and t-test. The results were as follows. First, 3 dimensions (body shame, body surveillance, and control belief) were emerged on objectified body consciousness, and subjects were divided into 2 groups (objectified group, and non-objectified group) by this variable. Second, male adults were deeply aware of the need of appearance management, and showed the high level of intention to perform appearance management behavior. Third, objectified group showed much more active appearance management behavior than non-objectified group. This results concluded that objectified body consciousness is a very useful variable to understand male adult' appearance management behavior.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.21-36
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to classify the stress into groups and analyze their differences in self-consciousness, and appearance management behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 377 middle and high school girls living in Deagu metropolitan City. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncant-test, and t-test are all used for data analysis. Our findings show that stress developed due to several reasons: the categories are as follows into grades-related low stress, exam-related high stress, and society-related high stress. For the purposes of our study, we labeled self-consciousness as a combination of being socially and privately self-consciousness and showing signs of social anxiety. Appearance management behavior deals with esthetic plastic surgery, clothing harmony, weight management, hair management, health care, skin care, and meal management. Stress shows a significant correlation with the sub-variable self-consciousness and appearance management behavior. The groups show a significant difference in the self-consciousness, and appearance management behavior. There is also a significant difference among stress, self-consciousness and appearance management behavior by grade. The students in seemed to recognize that their appearance can be improved by dressing up and managing their outwardly appearance. Teachers should educate students to have the variety of views on the meaning of beauty. In addition, schools need to develop programs to educate student about appearances, as the student's interests differ due to the stress type of the adolescent.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 2017

The purposes of this study were to investigate objectified body consciousness and appearance management behaviors, and to analysis the differences on this two variables between Korean and Chinese consumers. The subjects were 700 Korean and Chinese female university students. The research method was a survey and the measuring instruments consisted of objectified body consciousness scale, appearance management behaviors items, and subjects' demographics attributions. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, cross tabs analysis, $x^2$ test, Cronbach' ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, t-test, and regression analysis, using SPSS statistical program. The results were as follows. First, three factors(body surveillance, body shame, and control belief) were emerged on objectified body consciousness, and Korean students showed the higher level of objectified body consciousness than Chinese students. Second, Korean students had much more experience and a higher intention to perform various appearance management behaviors than Chinese students. Third, body shame and control belief factors had important effects on appearance management behaviors of both country students. However, body surveillance was an important factor on only Korean students' appearance management behaviors. This study showed that objectified body consciousness is an important variable to affect appearance management behaviors, and there are many differences on objectified body consciousness and appearance management behaviors by cultural environments.