• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.111-112
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• 2004

참옻나무 추출액이 산란계의 생산성과 계란품질, 장내미생물 변화 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 산란졔 Isa brown 57주령 480수를 공시하여 8주간 케이지에서 사양시험을 실시하였다. 산란율, 산란량 및 사료요구율은 참옻나무 추출액 5000 ppm 급여구가 산란율이 무첨가 대비 유의적으로 향상되었으며, 전반적으로 추출물 급여구의 산란율이 증가하였다. 평균난중과 사료섭취량은 처리간 차이가 없었다. 난각강도, 난각후도는 추출액 급여구가 무첨가 대비 유의적으로 개선되었으며, 난황색 및 Haugh unit은 전 기간에서 추출액 첨가구가 개선되는 경향을 보였다. 맹장내 유산균과 E. coli는 처리간 차이를 보이지 않았으며, Salmonella는 무첨가 대비 추출액 급여구가 약간 낮은 경향을 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 영양소 소화율은 옻나무 추출액 급여구가 무첨가 대비 전반적으로 향상되는 결과를 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2004

The effect of drinking rhus tree-extract on performance of broiler was performed to investigate development of natural antibiotic in process of broilers production. A total of 320 broiler chicks at 1 day of age were fed the commercial diet and water, drinking water containing 0 ppm(control), 500 ppm (T1), 1,000 ppm (T2) and 2,000 ppm (T3) of rhus tree-extract fur seven weeks. The body weight gain and fred conversion ratio were not different by drinking rhus tree-extract until 35 days of age, but body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were tend to improve by drinking rhus tree-extract over 35 days of age, the improvement was higher in both T$_1$, and T$_3$ than control group(p＜0.05) when 35 to 42 days of age. There was a decrease in the microflora population of both E. coli. end Salmonella in the cecum contents and feaces in broilers by drinking rhus tree-extract. The digestibility of dry matter, crude fat, and crude ash of feed were tend to increased in broiler drinking rhus tree-extract. Digestibility of crude protein of feed in broiler three treated groups was significantly improved (p＜0.15) as compared with those in control group. These results indicated that the drinking rhus tree-extract were effective in the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, decreasing of microflora population of both E. coli and Salmonella in the cecum contents and feaces, and it had also effective the digestibility of nutrients in broilers.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.610-615
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drinking of Rhus tree-extract on laying performance and egg quality in hens. Four hundred eighty, 55-wk-old ISA brown, laying hens were divided into six groups, control, Rhus tree-extract 500 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 2,000 ppm, 3,000 ppm and 5,000 ppm. The hens were fed a supplemented drink containing Rhus tree-extract for 12 weeks. Egg production and egg mass increased by drinking Rhus tree-extract (p<0.05) and the feed conversion ratio also improved in Rhus tree-extract groups. Cecal numbers of Lactobacillus spp., E. coli and Salmonella were not different in treatments. Availability of protein and ash improved in the Rhus extract groups. The eggshell breaking strength and egg shell thickness were significantly increased in Rhus tree-extract 3,000 ppm and Rhus tree-extract 2,000 ppm groups compared to the other groups. Also, egg yolk color and Haugh unit were significantly improved by the dietary Rhus tree-extract (p<0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.109-110
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• 2004

참옻나무 추출액이 육계의 생산성과 장내미생물 변화 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 1일령 육계(Ross) 960수를 공시하여 평사에서 5주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 증체량은 추출액 급여구가 첨가수준이 증가할수록 증가하는 양상을 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 사료섭취량 및 사료요구율 역시 차이가 없었다. 장내미생물 변화에서 맹장내 유산균, E. coli 및 Salmonella는 처리간 차이가 없었다. 영양소 소화율은 추출액 첨가구가 향상되는 결과를 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 인정되지 않았다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.374-379
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• 2020

The white-spotted flower chafer (Protaetia brevitarsis) larva is one of the insects widely-used for edible and medicinal purposes in Eastern Asia. As a result of increasing demand for P. brevitarsis, massrearing systems in domestic farms have become necessary. However, the mass-rearing of larvae under confined rearing conditions could provide conditions unsuitable for preventing entomopathogenic diseases. Metarhizium anisopliae is the strongest fatal entomopathogenic fungus against P. brevitarsis. For inhibition of M. anisopliae, we used a Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract that has antifungal components. We investigated the inhibitory effect of the R. verniciflua extract at 1%, 5%, and 10% concentrations. The results showed that a 1% R. verniciflua extract added to sawdust produced a significantly low P. brevitarsis mortality rate. Moreover, extract-treated groups were heavier and had a shorter larval period than those of the untreated group. Consequently, we suggest that using an R. verniciflua extract can reduce the P. brevitarsis fatality rate from entomopathogenic fungi (e.g. M. anisopliae), resulting in more effective mass-rearing systems for P. brevitarsis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.6
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• pp.681-689
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• 2009

We investigated the effect of Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract ingestion with exercise training on plasma lipids and insulin resistance for 8 weeks. Forty SD (Sprague-Dawley) male rats were used as the experimental animals that were divided into CON (control), RVS (Rhus verniciflua Stokes), EXE (exercise training), and RVS-EXE (Rhus verniciflua Stokes with exercise training), respectively. Body weight gain in EXE (202%) and RVS-EXE (203%) was significantly lower than CON (253%) and RVS (239). Stored fats were significantly lower with RVS and/or exercise training. Blood lipids were enhanced in RVS and RVS-EXE compared to CON. Blood glucose was significantly high in CON compared to the other groups. Insulin and HOMA index has the same tendencies with glucose, however, the synergic effect was found in RVS-EXE. In conclusion, Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract ingestion with exercise training has the effect of lowering amount of stored fats, reducing blood lipids, and enhancing insulin resistance, therefore, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia might be prevented.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2010

This study was performed to find out the inhibitory effect of Rhus Verniciflua extract on lipid peroxidation and inflammatory cytokines during endurance exercise training for 8 weeks in rats. For this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups; sedentary (SED), exercise training (TRA), RVS extract ingestion (RVE), and RVS extract ingestion and exercise training (RVE-TRA). TRA and RVE-TRA were trained on treadmill with increasing speed gradually and administered 10 mL/kg/d of Rhus Verniciflua extract orally to RVE and RVE-TRA. In order to analyze antioxidant function, blood SOD (superoxide dismutase), GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase), and MDA (malondialdehyde) were examined. And, analysis of inflammatory cytokines were examined using IL-6 (interleukin-6), TNF-${\alpha}$ (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), CRP (C-reactive protein), and NO (nitric oxide). SOD in TRA was significantly higher than SED and RVE (p<0.05), and RVE-TRA was highest among the groups (p<0.05). The MDA content of TRA, RVE and RVE-TRA were significantly lower than SED. GSH-Px activity of SED was significantly lower than other groups (p<0.05). IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ content of RVE and RVE-TRA were significantly lower than SED and TRA (p<0.05). CRP concentration of SED was the lowest among groups (p<0.05). Finally, NO concentration of SED and TRA were higher than RVE and RVE-TRA (p<0.05). These results suggested that it is efficient for rats to reduce lipid peroxidation and induce anti-inflammatory by taking RVS extract during exercise training. Afterwards, if studies on the properties of RVS extract can be made with various ways, use of Rhus Verniciflua trees might be made widely which are growing naturally in mountains in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.4
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• pp.478-484
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• 2008

We investigated the effect of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) ingestion on plasma lipids, antioxidant defense and GOT, GPT for 5 weeks. 27 ICR mice were used as the subject that was divided into CON group (water ingestion), HALF group (RVS 50% ingestion), and MAX group (RVS 100% ingestion), respectively. Body weight in MAX was significantly lower than CON group (p<.05). A plasma of TG in both RVS groups were significantly lower than CON group (p<.05). Concentration of FFA in MAX was significantly higher than HALF and CON group (p<.05). Blood glucose, GOT, and GPT have not significance among them. Liver SOD was significantly increased in MAX compared to the CON (p<.05). In conclusion, 100% of RVS ingestion has the effect of lowering body weight, decreasing plasma lipids, and increasing antioxidant defense in mouse.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.158-165
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeing property and ultraviolet-cut ability on silk 100% and nylon 100% fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts. This study was investigated K/S values, surface color, washing fastness, dry cleaning fastness and ultraviolet-cut ability of the silk and nylon fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts under the various dyeing conditions. As mordanting were used Tin(II) Chloride dihydrate $(SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O)$, Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate$(CuSO_5{\cdot}5H_2O)$, Iron(II)Chloride$(FeC_2{\cdot}4H_2O)$. pH was adjusted by sodium carbonate$(Na_2CO_3)$ and formic acid(HCOOH). The optimum dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and pH of the silk fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts were $90^{\circ}C$, 100min, and in the nylon fabrics were $90^{\circ}C$, 45min. It were colored(munsell value) 6.4Y 7.5/4.1 in the silk fabrics and colored 4.3Y 6.6/5.9 in the nylon fabrics dyed with Rhus verniciflua extracts. Washing fastness and dry-cleaning fastness in the silk and nylon fabrics dyed with mordanting agent improved in $4{\sim}5$ grade. UV-A test showed that nylon fabrics a high rate of 92% with Rhus verniciflua extracts.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Anthracnose disease caused by Collectotrichum spp. is one of the most important worldwide devastating diseases in red pepper plants. Fungicides using plant extracts have several advantages, compared to synthetic chemical fungicides, because they are naturally occurring compounds, are usually safe for agricultural environment and are used for producing highly valuable agricultural products. Efforts for seeking an anti-fungal activities using naturally occurring compounds were mostly conducted from medicinal plant extracts. Sap of Rhus verniciflus was known to have healing effects on several human diseases. Recently, the extracts of Rhus verniciflus were actively tested for anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, and anti-fungal effects. In this study, the extract of Rhus verniciflus was tested for anti-fungal activity against Colletotrichum spp., which cause anthracnose in red-pepper. METHODS AND RESULTS: After neutralizing extracts of Rhus verniciflus (urushiol contents 70%) with autoclave, the crude extracts were used to investigate inhibitory effects for mycelial growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum spp. on PDA media. The mycelial growth and spore germination of Colletotrichum spp. were inhibited 18-39% and over 50% in response to crude extract of R. verniciflus (1.0 mg/mL). After spraying the extracts at the same concentrations above and then artificially inoculating Colletotrichum spp. on blue and red-pepper fruits, in vitro inhibition effects were examined. At 1.0 mg/mL, the crude extract of R. verniciflus showed inhibition activity in anthracnose incidence on blue- and red-pepper as 68.1-75.0%, through a artificial inoculation of Colletotrichum spp. in a laboratory. For in vivo inhibitory effects, the extracts (1.0, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/mL) were treated on red-pepper plants grown in green house 3 times at the interval of 1 week. Then inhibitory effects were determined by counting diseased fruits at 1 week after final treatment. The incidence of anthracnose was inhibited over 60% in the greenhouse by treatment of crude extract of R. verniciflus (1.0 mg/mL). CONCLUSION(s): Extracts of Rhus verniciflus were shown to have inhibitory effects on mycelial growth, spore germination of Colletotrichum spp. in vitro and on occurrence of anthracnose on pepper fruit in green house.