• Journal of Sinology and China Studies
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• v.81
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• pp.41-62
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• 2019

The Wan-Tang(晩唐) period was the time of political and social gloom. This background gave the poets deep thought and sorrow. Therefore, the poets were so emotional that they displayed sensitive and delicate strokes. The poets of this period made metaphorical and symbolic expressions to escape from the gloomy reality and created poems with a sweet mood. They wrapped their sufferings and sorrows in a gentle and beautiful way. In particular, Tingyun,Wen(溫庭筠) and Shangyin,Li(李商隱) were the representative poets of this period. They wrote poems using colorful and soft expressions to escape the dark realities. Their Wan-Yue(婉約) style was also the result of learning the splendor and beauty of the Qi(齐) and Liang(梁) period, meanwhile they were building their own aesthetic art world, which is different from the splendor of the the Qi(齐) and Liang(梁) period. Therefore, this study used poems by Tingyun,Wen(溫庭筠) and Shangyin,Li(李商隱) as analysis targets, and studied 'Wanyue(婉約)' style that appear in Wan-tang(晩唐) period. The 'Wanyue(婉約)' style wasn't just the originality of the 'Ci(詞)'. We found that the time of the cross between poetry and 'Ci(詞)' was formed from a common social and literary background and the creative psychology of poets.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.581-591
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• 2020

This study investigated the probiotic properties and physiological activities of Korean fermented foods such as sikhae, young radish kimchi, and bean-curd dregs. Among the isolated lactic acid bacteria, Pediococcus inopinatus BZ4, Lactobacillus plantarum SH1, Lactobacillus brevis SH14, Pediococcus pentosaceus YMT1, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides YMT6 demonstrated a greater than 60% survival rate at pH 2.5, along with an excellent survival rate even at 0.3% bile acid. These five bacteria showed strong flocculation ability in autoaggregation and coaggregation tests, indirectly clustering useful micro-organisms and inhibiting the attachment of pathogenic bacteria. In a cell surface hydrophobicity test, these bacteria showed adhesion to three solvents (ethyl acetate, chloroform, and xylene) and high hydrophobicity, thereby indicating excellent indirect cell adhesion to intestinal cells. The cell-free supernatants and intracellular extracts of the five lactic acid bacteria showed antioxidative activity in the form of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging ability and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Antimicrobial activities were also observed in four pathogenic bacteria, namely E. coli KCTC 2571, H. pylori HPKCTC B0150, L. monocytogenes KCTC 13064, and S. aureus KCTC 1916. These results demonstrate that these five lactic acid bacteria could be used as probiotics with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2018

The The ROK military announced a reform proposal for the National Defense Reform 2.0 in 2018 in order to substantially guarantee the constitutional rights and human rights of the soldiers and to meet the demands of the military judicial reform. In order to establish a fair and independent military judicial system through such reforms, the Supreme Military Court was abolished to eradicate the controversy in the army and to abolish the system of the judges' And professionalism is systematically ensured so that judges can be judged only by law and conscience. This military reform proposal is so dramatic that it has a vocal voice of opposition, but the military should no longer be an exception to democracy and should try not to get caught in the stigma of human rights blindness.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.132-145
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• 1998

The coal-bearing siliciclastic rocks of the Lower Permian Jangseong Formation, Samcheog coalfield, represent a megacyclothem which shows cyclic repetitions of sandstone, shale, coaly shale, and coals. Petrographic, geochemical, and SEM studies for sandstone samples, and XRD analysis for clay minerals were carried out to understand diagenesis in the sandstones of the Jangseong Formation. The Jangseong sandstones are composed of 60% quartz (mainly monocrystalline quartz) and 36% clay matrix and cement with minor amounts of feldspar, lithic fragments and accessory minerals (less than 4%). Jangseong sandstones are classified mostly as quartzwackes and partly as lithic graywackes according to the scheme of Dott(1964). The textural relationships between authigenic minerals and cements in thin sections and SEM photomicrographs suggest the paragenetic sequence as follows; (1) mechanical compaction, (2) cementation by quartz overgrowth, (3) formation of authigenic clay minerals (illite, kaolinite), (4) dissolution of framework grains and development of secondary porosity, and (5) later-stage pore-filling by pyrophyllite. We propose that these diagenetic processes might be due to organic-inorganic interaction between the dominant framework grains and the formation water. The Al, Si ions and organic acid, derived from dewatering of interbedded organic-rich shale and coals, were transported into the Jangseong sandstones. This caused changes in the chemistry of the formation water of the sandstones, and resulted in overgrowth of quartz and precipitation of authigenic clay minerals of kaolinite and illite. The secondary pores, produced during dissolution of clay and framework grains by organic acid and $CO_2$ gas, were conduit for silica-rich solution into the Jangseong sandstones and the influx of silica-rich solution produced the late-stage pyrophyllite after the expanse of kaolinite. The origin of the solution that formed pyrophyllite is not likely to be the organic-rich formation water based on the observation of fracture-filling pyrophyllite in the Jangseong sandstones, but the process of pyrophyllite pore-filling was indirectly related to organic-inorganic interaction.