• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.100-108
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of shading and ventilation on Mean Radiant Temperature(MRT) of the outdoor space at a summer outdoor. The Wind Speed(WS), Air Temperature(AT) and Globe Temperature(GT) were recorded every minute from $1^{st}$ of May to the $30^{th}$ of September 2011 at a height of 1.2m above in four experimental plots with different shading and ventilating conditions, with a measuring system consisting of a vane type anemometer(Barini Design's BDTH), Resistance Temperature Detector(RTD, Pt-100), standard black globe(${\O}$ 150mm) and data acquisition systems(National Instrument's Labview and Compfile Techs' Moacon). To implement four different ventilating and shading conditions, three hexahedral steel frames, and one natural plot were established in the open grass field. Two of the steel frames had a dimension of $3m(W){\times}3m(L){\times}1.5m(H)$ and every vertical side covered with transparent polyethylene film to prevent lateral ventilation(Ventilation Blocking Plot: VP), and an additional shading curtain was applied on the top side of a frame(Shading and Ventilation Blocking Plot: SVP). The third was $1.5m(W){\times}1.5m(L){\times}1.5m(H)$, only the top side of which was covered by the shading curtain without the lateral film(Shading Plot: SP). The last plot was natural condition without any kind of shading and wind blocking material(Natural Open Plot: NP). Based on the 13,262 records of 44 sunny days, the time serial difference of AT and GT for 24 hour were analyzed and compared, and statistical analysis was done based on the 7,172 records of daytime period from 7 A.M. to 8 P.M., while the relation between the MRT and solar radiation and wind speed was analyzed based on the records of the hottest period from 11 A.M. to 4 P.M.. The major findings were as follows: 1. The peak AT was $40.8^{\circ}C$ at VP and $35.6^{\circ}C$ at SP showing the difference about $5^{\circ}C$, but the difference of average AT was very small within${\pm}1^{\circ}C$. 2. The difference of the peak GT was $12^{\circ}C$ showing $52.5^{\circ}C$ at VP and $40.6^{\circ}C$ at SP, while the gap of average GT between the two plots was $6^{\circ}C$. Comparing all four plots including NP and SVP, it can be said that the shading decrease $6^{\circ}C$ GT while the wind blocking increase $3^{\circ}C$ GT. 3. According to the calculated MRT, the shading has a cooling effect in reducing a maximum of $13^{\circ}C$ and average $9^{\circ}C$ MRT, while the wind blocking has heating effect of increasing average $3^{\circ}C$ MRT. In other words, the MRT of the shaded area with natural ventilation could be cooler than the wind blocking the sunny site to about $16^{\circ}C$ MRT maximum. 4. The regression and correlation tests showed that the shading is more important than the ventilation in reducing the MRT, while both of them do an important role in improving the outdoor thermal comfort. In summary, the results of this study showed that the shade is the first and the ventilation is the second important factor in terms of improving outdoor thermal comfort in summer daylight hours. Therefore, it can be apparently said that the more shade by the forest, shading trees etc., the more effective in conditioning the microclimate of an outdoor space reducing the useless or even harmful heat energy for human activities. Furthermore, the delicately designed wind corridor or outdoor ventilation system can improve even the thermal environment of urban area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.20-28
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the ultra-violet(UV) radiation under the landscaping shade facilities and tree with natural solar UV of the outdoor space at summer middays. The UVA+B and UVB were recorded every minute from the $20^{th}$ of June to the $26^{th}$ of September 2012 at a height of 1.1m above in the four different shading conditions, with fours same measuring system consisting of two couple of analog UVA+B sensor(220~370nm, Genicom's GUVA-T21GH) and UVB sensor(220~320nm, Genicom's GUVA-T21GH) and data acquisition systems(Comfile Tech.'s Moacon). Four different shading conditions were under an wooden shelter($W4.2m{\times}L4.2m{\times}H2.5m$), a polyester membrane structure ($W4.9m{\times}L4.9m{\times}H2.6m$), a Salix koreensis($H11{\times}B30$), and a brick-paved plot without any shading material. Based on the 648 records of 17 sunny days, the time serial difference of natural solar UVA+B and UVB for midday periods were analysed and compared, and statistical analysis about the difference between the four shading conditions was done based on the 2,052 records of daytime period from 10 A.M. to 4 P.M.. The major findings were as follows; 1. The average UVA+B under the wooden shelter, the membrane and the tree were $39{\mu}W/cm^2$(3.4%), $74{\mu}W/cm^2$(6.4%), $87{\mu}W/cm^2$(7.6%) respectively, while the solar UVA+B was $1.148{\mu}W/cm^2$. Which means those facilities and tree screened at least 93% of solar UV+B. 2. The average UVB under the wooden shelter, the membrane and the tree were $12{\mu}W/cm^2$(5.8%), $26{\mu}W/cm^2$(13%), $17{\mu}W/cm^2$(8.2%) respectively, while the solar UVB was $207{\mu}W/cm^2$. The membrane showed the highest level and the wooden shelter lowest. 3. According to the results of time serial analysis, the difference between the three shaded conditions around noon was very small, but the differences of early morning and late afternoon were apparently big. Which seems caused by the matter of the formal and structural characteristics of the shading facilities and tree, not by the shading materials itself. In summary, the performance of the four landscaping shade facilities and tree were very good at screening the solar UV at outdoor of summer middays, but poor at screening the lateral UV during early morning and late afternoon. Therefore, it can be apparently said that the more delicate design of shading facilities and big tree or forest to block the additional lateral UV, the more effective in conditioning the outdoor space reducing the useless or even harmful radiation for human activities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.525-529
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• 2015

Depending on the field of smart industry has become increasingly widespread, the digital signage industry as advertising and content industry is emerging. However, this industry is growing rapidly it is not the reason for that is lack of a legal definition or system. The current legal system merely existing laws that apply to the use of outdoor advertising such as advertising and outdoor advertising Electrical, according to a separate law on digital signage is still is not enough. Most of the current legal system between a size that it is put in the control object, its type, the installation location and details and locations of areas in accordance with the regulation member of the law which can reduce the effectiveness of such a business to control them collectively There is concern that the differences are caused by unification can be difficult. In reality, the institutions of the new law was necessary, organized under the existing regulation rather than promoting new laws to screen the effectiveness of the national business media industry through a kind of standardization and unification of the digital signage industry in the future creation of a jurisdiction other than safety administration Science It is important to foster.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.491-500
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• 2016

Fog is atmospheric in which tiny drops of water vapor are suspended in the air near the ground. Its form, occurrence, etc., change according to the temperature, relative humidity, wind and geographical features of the space around it. In particular, fog tends to occur near a source of water because of temperature and relative humidity difference. These days, climate change is increasingly affecting the occurrence of fog. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate how fog affects materials that are part of our cultural properties through outdoor exposure tests and artificial degradation. The degradation evaluation of materials as a function of fog occurrence frequency, showed that the color of metals changed noticeably, whereas dyed silk and Dancheong showed degradation on the surface and color differences but no particular tendencies. Therefore, damage prediction by color differences as a function of fog occurrence frequency was based on metal samples, which showed constant color differences. Through a comparison of the predictive value and color difference by outdoor exposure, the accuracy and applicability of the damage prediction formula was confirmed. If a more complex damage prediction formula is created, it is expected that prediction of the degree of material damage in the field would be possible.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2016

This study aims to find a direction for desirable space organization in future Korean kindergartens by analyzing the current status of space organization in Japanese kindergartens. This study includes comparisons and analyses of Korean and Japanese curricula, facility standards on the national level and standards of national subsidy, current numbers of kindergarteners and preschoolers, and changes in kindergarten facilities over the last 5 years. Six kindergartens each in Korea and Japan, which were constructed after 2011 or are recommended as being good in space organization and kindergarten planning, are selected. The contents of space organization analysis are 'entry and placement, outdoor space', 'space program,' and 'plan design and organization of unit space'. In conclusion, in terms of space organization, Korean and Japanese kindergartens are very similar to each other. However, Japanese kindergartens have more outdoor space about $9.75m^2$ and lot area about $11.89m^2$ than Korean kindergartens. The extra space was used to educate students in various contents regarding social network and physical activity. Furthermore, in Japan, special spaces such as "atelier classes" and "PTA" were used for various types of education. Based on the results of the study will be developed, such as specific models and guidelines for the improvement of facilities Korea kindergarten.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.429-432
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• 2002

잉크젯 프린팅 기술의 발전과 대형 플루터의 개발로 디지털 프린팅의 활용범위가 넓어지고 있으며, 특히 옥외광고용이나 배너용, 전시용으로의 사용이 확대되면서 종이와 같은 인쇄적성을 가지면서 사용목적에 맞는 물리적 특성을 지닌 다양한 제품들이 개발되고 있다. 이들 중 직물형태의 제품은 그 활용범위가 매우 넓지만 직물의 특성상 종이처럼 평활하지 못하고 직물 표면에서 잉크방울이 완전히 흡착되므로 잉크젯 프린터에 적합한 인쇄적성을 지니지 못해 최근에는 잉크젯 프린팅시 종이 표면과 근사한 최종 도트 사이즈를 얻기 위해 직물의 표면을 안료로 코팅하여 사용한다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 2012

초음파전파영상화(UPI) 시스템은 2007년에 첫 논문 발표를 통해 시스템 개발이 보고된 이후 소프트웨어 및 하드웨어적 측면에서 다양한 형태로 발전된 시스템의 개발이 이루어졌다. 본 기고에서는 기본 UPI 시스템, 섬유파트랜스듀서 UPI 시스템, 순수광학시스템으로서 광섬유 센서 UPI 시스템, 완전비접촉 시스템으로서의 공기정압압전센서 UPI 시스템 및 레이저도플러진동계 UPI 시스템, 장거리 UPI 시스템, 옥외 적용성에 필수적인 저온환경 UPI 시스템 등을 소개한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.142-147
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• 2003

고분자 애자용 재료로 EPDM, 폴리에틸렌, 에폭시, 실리론 고무 등이 사용되고 있으며, 이중 실리콘 고무는 내후성, 내트랙킹성, 내아크성, 내환경성, 발수성등이 우수하다는 것이 많은 연구를 통해 밝혀졌다. 그러나, 옥외용 고분자는 다양한 환경에 의한 열화에 의해 낮은 인열강도를 나타내고 반복 열화에 따라 전기적 특성과 기계적 강도가 급격히 저하하는 단점을 가지고 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.77-81
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• 2002

에디슨이 백열전구를 발명하면서 본격적인 조명의 발전이 이루어졌다. 현재까지 조명등의 주류로서 백열전구와 형광등이 자리 잡고 있으며, 고압 방전등의 개발과 더불어 옥외조명에서도 급속히 발전하고 있다. 특히 방전등과 같은 안정기가 필요한 조명등의 경우 전력전자용 반도체 소자와 마이크로프로세서의 획기적 발전 속도에 맞추어 고효율, 고전력화로 접목되고 있다. 다른 전력전자 응용 분야에 비해서 조명에 적용되는 것은 미미한 실정이지만 한편으로는 향후 많은 조명제어 부분에 기술적용이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 일반적인 조명등과 안정기, 조명제어 기술 동향을 조사하여 향후 조명등과 조명기술의 발전에 도움이 되고자 한다.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.219-222
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• 2007

일반 전화뿐 아니라 xDSL 초고속서비스를 제공하는 가입자 통신선로는 옥외에 노출되어 있어 매년 우기철 낙뢰 피해가 발생하고, 통신선로에 접속된 단말장치는 낙뢰서지에 의한 부품 소손 및 서비스가 일시 중단되기도 한다. 낙뢰로 인해 가입자 통신선로에서 나타나는 낙뢰유도서지 특성을 파악하는 것은 통신시설 보호 및 서비스 중단을 최소화 할 수 있는 중요한 기초 자료가 된다. 본 논문은 가입자 통신시설에 나타나는 낙뢰유도전압을 측정하여 각종 파라메터 분석 및 가입자선로에 구성에 따른 파라메터 특성 변화를 분석하였다.