• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1233-1242
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• 2017

Various attempts have been made to prevent crime risk. One of the cases where outdoor pedestrians are attacked by criminals is the abnormal health condition. When a mental or mental condition that can not sustain normal walking due to drunkenness is exposed, the case of being a crime is revealed through crime case analysis. In this study, we propose a method for estimating the state of an individual that can be detected in outdoor activities. In order to avoid the inconvenience of installing a separate terminal for event information transmission of sensors and sensors, it is possible to estimate an abnormal state by using a 3-axis acceleration sensor built in a smart phone. The state of the user can be estimated by analyzing the momentum of the user and analyzing it with the passage of time. It is possible to distinguish the flow of time at regular intervals, to recognize the activity patterns in each time band, and to distinguish between normal and abnormal. In this study, we have evaluated the total amount of kinetic energy and kinetic energy in each direction of the acceleration sensor and the Fourier transformed value of the total energy amount to distinguish the abnormal state.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.32-36
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• 2009

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.3 s.109
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• pp.247-251
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• 2006

By becoming 21st century which run be charactered as highly industrialized society which spreads diversification and individualization, there have been elevation of income level and increase of time for leisure activity by introducing 5 working days system. And this brings out increasing of aquatic leisure activity population and the contents of the leisure becomes very active. Static indoor activity which was the main current of the leisure activity in the past, however, it is now called for outdoor activity accompanied by the society growth and even expands towards that people get into action and experience by their own free will. With this point of view, the aquatic leisure run become a safe activity. But with a rapid growth of aquatic leisure activity, safety concerns become a serious problem. To prevent safety accident, training should be given, safety inspection and registration should be requested, and strong support of system is needed so users can have an insurance for safety accident. These complements are necessary for overall nourishment and management measure to charge in systematical safety for the users.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.82-93
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• 1997

교통의 발달 및 빈번한 문화와 정보의 교류는 옥외 recreation 활동 참여의 다양한 인종적 구성을 가져왔다. 이 연구의 목적은 옥외 recreation 활동의 하나인 스키장에서 이용 밀도에 대한 선호도를 문화·인종간의 혼잡규범적 차이로서 해석하는데 있다. 한국의 용평 스키장과 미국 Hunter Mt. 스키장에서 한국인, 주한 미국인, 미국인, 재미 한인 들을 대상으로 이용밀도에 관한 선호도를 측정하기 위한 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 1,157부의 설문지를 회수하여, 문화·인종간의 차이를 규명하기 위하여 Kruskal-Wallis test 실시하였다. 연구의 결과로서 재미한국인의 이용밀도에 대한 선호도가 동일 인종인 한국인집단보다 사회 문화적으로 공통성이 있는 미국인집단에 더 유사하였으며 그와 반대로 재한미국인집단은 동일 인종집단인 미국 집단과 차이가 없었다. 이 결과는 혼잡 규범으로서의 이용 밀도의 선호도가 이용자의 개인적 특성 및 인종적 특성뿐만이 아니라 문화인종적 특성에 영향을 받는다는 결론을 얻었다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2009

Article 36 of the Building Code Enforcement Ordinance requires that an exterior evacuation stairs be installed for the buildings of three stories and over with cultural facilities or gathering places which have over $1,000\;m^2$ floor area of public performance halls or recreational facilities. The concentration of population together with the increase of high-rise buildings in cities call for various precautionary measures to be taken against human disasters. For the past ten years high-rise buildings showed 85% of increase, marking a steep rise. This increase of high-rise buildings may lead to human disasters in urban areas and, in case of fire breakout, may cause great loss of human lives and property damages. The most difficult fire-fighting activities in high-rise building fires are those of evacuation. Because smoke spreads through the upper floors, the securement of evacuation route in high-rise buildings may be the only way to minimize loss of lives. In high-rise buildings exterior escape stairs are necessary because it is difficult to secure evacuation route with only direct stairs or interior stairs. The Building Code now in force provides insignificant coverage on the exterior evacuation route installment and therefore becomes an inadequate means for evacuation route securement in high-rise building fires. To compensate for this inadequacy the Building Code should be revised to include a mandatory clause that an exterior evacuation stairs be established for the buildings of ten stories and over which can be categorized into high-rise building group.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.90-102
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• 2022

In recent years, as interest in healing increases, outdoor spaces with the concept of healing have been created. For more professional and in-depth planning and design, the perception and characteristics of outdoor healing places through social media posts were analyzed using NER. Text mining was conducted using 88,155 blog posts, and frequency analysis and clique cohesion analysis were conducted. Six elements were derived through a literature review, and two elements were added to analyze the perception and the characteristics of healing places. As a result, visitors considered place elements, date and time, social elements, and activity elements more important than personnel, psychological elements, plants and color, and form and shape when visiting healing places. The analysis allowed the derivation of perceptions and characteristics of healing places through keywords. From the results of the Clique, keywords, such as places, date and time, and relationship, were clustered, so it was possible to know where, when, what time, and with whom people were visiting places for healing. Through the study, the perception and characteristics of healing places were derived by analyzing large-scale data written by visitors. It was confirmed that specific elements could be used in planning and marketing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.21-37
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• 1989

Environmental design pattern of the nine Small Urban Spaces at C.B.D. in City of Seoul are surveyed and analyzed for user's satisfaction and behavior under the environmental design evaluation by using Christopher Alexander's Pattern Language. Small Urban Spaces as a part of streetscape are formed by physical factors as well as visual environment and interacting user's behavior. Therefore, user's satisfaction and behavior at the nine Urban Small Spaces were investigated under the further search for some possibilities of application of those Pattern Languages. A pattern language has a structure of a network. It is used in sequence, going through the patterns, moving always from large patterns to smaller, always from the ones which create comes simply from the observation that most of the wonderful places of the city were not blade by architects but by the people. It defines the limited number of arrangements of spaces that make sense in any given culture. And it actually gives us the power to generate these coherent arrangement of space. As a results, 'Plaza', 'Seats'and 'Aecessibility' related design Patterns are highly evaluated by Pattern Frequency, Pattern Interaction and their Composition ranks, thus reconfirm Whyte's Praise of urban Small Spaces in our inner city design environments. According to the multiple regression analysis of user's evaluation, the environmental functions related to the satisfaction were 'Plaza', 'Accessibility' and 'Paving'. According to the free response, user's prefer such visually pleasing environmental design object as 'Waterscape' and 'Setting'. In addition to, the basic needs in Urban Small Spaces are amenity facilities as bench, drinking water and shade for rest.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.27-37
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• 2010

최근 들어 무선 센서네트워크는 온/습도 관리와 같은 단순한 기능의 저전력 모니터링 서비스에서 시의성과 무선 전송의 신뢰성을 요구하는 산업 자동화 서비스 및 스마트 그리드와 같이 통신 거리를 확장한 옥외 서비스를 위한 기술로 서비스 영역을 넓혀가고 있다. 무선 센서네트워크 기술은 자원의 제약에 기인한 고유의 특성을 갖는다. 특히 전송 계층 기술은 이러한 제약 사항을 고려하여 설계되어야 하며, 상위 계층 기술의 성능은 전송기술에 대한 성능적 의존성을 가질 수 밖에 없다. 본 고에서는 최근 무선센서 네트워크 서비스 확대를 위한 시장의 요구사항을 반영하여 표준화가 진행되고 있는 시의성/신뢰성 향상을 위한 IEEE 802 WG15의 TG4e MAC 기술과 스마트 유틸리티 네트워크를 위한 TG4g SUN PHY 기술에 대한 표준화 활동을 중심으로 표준 기술 동향을 소개하고 이에 대한 표준 전략을 분석한다.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2016

This study aims to find a direction for desirable space organization in future Korean kindergartens by analyzing the current status of space organization in Japanese kindergartens. This study includes comparisons and analyses of Korean and Japanese curricula, facility standards on the national level and standards of national subsidy, current numbers of kindergarteners and preschoolers, and changes in kindergarten facilities over the last 5 years. Six kindergartens each in Korea and Japan, which were constructed after 2011 or are recommended as being good in space organization and kindergarten planning, are selected. The contents of space organization analysis are 'entry and placement, outdoor space', 'space program,' and 'plan design and organization of unit space'. In conclusion, in terms of space organization, Korean and Japanese kindergartens are very similar to each other. However, Japanese kindergartens have more outdoor space about $9.75m^2$ and lot area about $11.89m^2$ than Korean kindergartens. The extra space was used to educate students in various contents regarding social network and physical activity. Furthermore, in Japan, special spaces such as "atelier classes" and "PTA" were used for various types of education. Based on the results of the study will be developed, such as specific models and guidelines for the improvement of facilities Korea kindergarten.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.100-108
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of shading and ventilation on Mean Radiant Temperature(MRT) of the outdoor space at a summer outdoor. The Wind Speed(WS), Air Temperature(AT) and Globe Temperature(GT) were recorded every minute from $1^{st}$ of May to the $30^{th}$ of September 2011 at a height of 1.2m above in four experimental plots with different shading and ventilating conditions, with a measuring system consisting of a vane type anemometer(Barini Design's BDTH), Resistance Temperature Detector(RTD, Pt-100), standard black globe(${\O}$ 150mm) and data acquisition systems(National Instrument's Labview and Compfile Techs' Moacon). To implement four different ventilating and shading conditions, three hexahedral steel frames, and one natural plot were established in the open grass field. Two of the steel frames had a dimension of $3m(W){\times}3m(L){\times}1.5m(H)$ and every vertical side covered with transparent polyethylene film to prevent lateral ventilation(Ventilation Blocking Plot: VP), and an additional shading curtain was applied on the top side of a frame(Shading and Ventilation Blocking Plot: SVP). The third was $1.5m(W){\times}1.5m(L){\times}1.5m(H)$, only the top side of which was covered by the shading curtain without the lateral film(Shading Plot: SP). The last plot was natural condition without any kind of shading and wind blocking material(Natural Open Plot: NP). Based on the 13,262 records of 44 sunny days, the time serial difference of AT and GT for 24 hour were analyzed and compared, and statistical analysis was done based on the 7,172 records of daytime period from 7 A.M. to 8 P.M., while the relation between the MRT and solar radiation and wind speed was analyzed based on the records of the hottest period from 11 A.M. to 4 P.M.. The major findings were as follows: 1. The peak AT was $40.8^{\circ}C$ at VP and $35.6^{\circ}C$ at SP showing the difference about $5^{\circ}C$, but the difference of average AT was very small within${\pm}1^{\circ}C$. 2. The difference of the peak GT was $12^{\circ}C$ showing $52.5^{\circ}C$ at VP and $40.6^{\circ}C$ at SP, while the gap of average GT between the two plots was $6^{\circ}C$. Comparing all four plots including NP and SVP, it can be said that the shading decrease $6^{\circ}C$ GT while the wind blocking increase $3^{\circ}C$ GT. 3. According to the calculated MRT, the shading has a cooling effect in reducing a maximum of $13^{\circ}C$ and average $9^{\circ}C$ MRT, while the wind blocking has heating effect of increasing average $3^{\circ}C$ MRT. In other words, the MRT of the shaded area with natural ventilation could be cooler than the wind blocking the sunny site to about $16^{\circ}C$ MRT maximum. 4. The regression and correlation tests showed that the shading is more important than the ventilation in reducing the MRT, while both of them do an important role in improving the outdoor thermal comfort. In summary, the results of this study showed that the shade is the first and the ventilation is the second important factor in terms of improving outdoor thermal comfort in summer daylight hours. Therefore, it can be apparently said that the more shade by the forest, shading trees etc., the more effective in conditioning the microclimate of an outdoor space reducing the useless or even harmful heat energy for human activities. Furthermore, the delicately designed wind corridor or outdoor ventilation system can improve even the thermal environment of urban area.