• Title/Summary/Keyword: 오염물질 원 단위

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Development of the EMC-based Empirical Model for Estimating Pollutant Loads from Small Agricultural Watersheds (농촌 소유역에서 EMC를 이용한 오염물질 부하량 산정기법의 개발)

  • Kim, Young-Chul;Kim, Geon-Ha;Lee, Dong-Ryul
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.691-703
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    • 2003
  • In this paper, a new and integrated approach easily used to calculate the pollutant loads from agricultural watersheds is suggested. Basic concepts of this empirical tool are based on the hypotheses that variations in event mean concentrations(EMCs) of the pollutants from a given agricultural watershed during rainstorms are only due to the rainfall pattern. This assumption would be feasible to agricultural watersheds whose land uses does not change during the cultivation period overlapped by rainy season and also in which point-sources of the pollutants are rare. Therefore, if EMC data sets through extensive sampling from various rural areas are available, it is possible to establish relationships between EMCs, shapes and land uses of the watersheds, and rainfall events. For this purpose, fifty one sets of EMC values were obtained from nine different watersheds, and those data were used to develop predictive tools for the EMCs of 55, COD, TN and TP in rainfall runoff. The results of the statistical tests for those formulas show that they are not only fairly good in predicting actual EMC values of some parameters, but also useful in terms of calculating pollutant loads on any time-spans such as the day of rainfall event or weekly, monthly, and yearly. Their applicability was briefly demonstrated and discussed. Also, the unit loads calculated from EMCs based on different land uses and real rainfall data over one of the watershed used for this study. were provided, and they are compared with other well-known unit loads.

Development of Hybrid type Air Pollution Control System with Air Turbine & Bearing type Atomizer (무마찰 공기베어링을 이용한 고속회전 미세액적 분사장치를 갖는 하이브리드형 고효율 대기오염 방지시설 개발)

  • 김정원;위판석;김진용;정원문;박영옥;박상신
    • Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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    • 2003.05b
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    • pp.53-54
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    • 2003
  • 현대 산업사회가 다양해짐에 따라 발생되는 생활폐기물의 형태도 다양화되었고 발생폐기물의 성상은 연소가 어려운 난분해성 폐기물로 발열량이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 폐기물의 처리를 위한 소각설비는 폐기물 처리형태에 따라 대형의 도시 쓰레기 소각장이나 지자체의 중형급 소각장, 발생원 단위의 소형 소각장으로 구분하여 처리하고있다. 기존 중ㆍ대형 소각로의 유해가스 처리시설은 일반적으로 냉각설비와 가스상 처리설비, 입자상 처리설비 등으로 구성되는데 반해, 소형 소각로는 싸이클론 방식만으로 구성되어 입자상 물질만을 처리하였으나, 최근에 들어서 관련법규가 개정되어 소형 소각로에서도 입자상 오염물질뿐만 아니라 HCl 및 SOx 등과 같은 산성가스류와 다이옥신 등의 배출농도를 규제함에 따라 가스상 오염물질도 처리하는 방안을 도입하고 있는 추세이다. (중략)

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Analysis of contamination characteristics of filter cloth in filter press by repeated dehydration of organic sludge and evaluation of ultrasonic cleaning application (유기성 슬러지 반복 탈수에 의한 필터프레스 여과포 오염 특성 분석 및 초음파 세척 적용 평가)

  • Eunju Kim;Cheol-Jin Jeong;Kyung Woo Kim;Tae Gyu Song;Seong Kuk Han
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.15-25
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    • 2024
  • In this study, the regeneration effect of pressurized water and ultrasonic cleaning was investigated for contaminated filter cloth from the sewage sludge filter press process. For this purpose, contaminated filter cloth was collected from a 3-ton sewage sludge hydrothermal carbon treatment filter press. First, the contamination characteristics were analyzed. According to the location of the filter cloth, air permeability and unit mass were measured, and compared with the values of a new filter cloth. Next, the results were mapped over the entire area to evaluate the contamination characteristics. Finally, pressure cleaning at 3 bar and ultrasound at frequencies of 34, 76, 120, and 168 kHz were performed on the contaminated filter cloth. In addition, the cleaning efficiency was evaluated by 3 levels of contamination degree. As a result, pore contamination occurred mainly at the bottom and both sides of the filter cloth, where the filter material was continuously injected and compressed. Surface contamination appeared evenly over the entire area. As a result of washing, air permeability increased by 1.3-3.1%p and contaminant removal was by 2.7-4.4% under pressure. In ultrasonic cleaning, air permeability increased by 12.5-61.5%p and contaminants were removed by 2.7-29.2%. In ultrasonic cleaning the lower the frequency, the higher air permeability and contaminant removal rate. Also, The higher pore contamination level, the better the air permeability improvement and contaminant removal.

Characteristics of Non-point Pollutant from Highway Toll Gate Landuse (고속도로 영업소지역에서의 비점오염물질 유출특성)

  • Lee, Eun-Ju;Son, Hyun-Geun;Kang, Hee-Man;Kim, Lee-Hyung
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.185-192
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    • 2007
  • Newly constructed road is a requisite to be able to carry out BMPs (Best Management Practices) under TMDL(Total Maximum Daily Load) program of the Ministry of Environment. BMPs require pollutant source control during road construction and wash off reduction plan as well as maintenance practices subsequent to construction on the purpose of discharging the minimum wash off non-point source pollutants. The objective of this study is to provide supportive discharged data in evaluating the discharged non-point pollutant load from a highway toll gate area. It can be applied to manage non-point source pollutants on roads. The results validate the first flush phenomenon that it is known to be one of the wash off characteristics in paved area. In addition, the load per unit area and load per unit rainfall duration applying EMC are calculated. The mean load per unit rainfall duration is assessed to be $533.7mg/m^2-hr$ for TSS, $396.2mg/m^2-hr$ for COD, $17.0mg/m^2-hr$ for TN, and $4.8mg/m^2-hr$ for TP. These results show the unitload taken from monitoring are higher than the unit load suggested in the TMDL. It is important to adopt real pollutant unit for road to be able to perform BMP successfully.

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Valuing the Health Effects on Air Quality Improvement - Using Conjoint Analysis - (수도권 대기오염 개선으로 인한 건강효과의 경제적 가치평가 - 컨조인트 분석법을 이용하여 -)

  • Cho, Seung-Kuk;Chang, Jeong-In;Kim, Jeong-In
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.859-884
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    • 2006
  • This study attempts to apply a conjoint analysis, especially using choice experiment, to quantify the economic benefits of health effects(mortality by lung cancer, asthma, acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis) on air quality improvement in Seoul and Metropolitan area. The yearly willingness to pay for the highest improvement level which is available is estimated as 38,856 won per household. The aggregated value of Seoul and Metropolitan area is measured as 252.8 billion won annually. The quantitative result provided in this study can be usefully employed in policy-making process related to air pollution. Especially, it provides a methodological framework to estimate the benefits for various alternatives in health effects.

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Internalizing Environmental Cost using TDM Alternatives (교통수요관리 기법을 활용한 환경오염비용의 내부화 방안연구)

  • 김운수;엄진기;황기연;장지희
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.99-110
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    • 1999
  • With a growing awareness, transportation is the maior source of urban air pollution. Planners and policy-makers are strongly urged to care the impacts of transportation management strategies on environment. Since transport-related air Pollution can be regarded as negative externalities of transport, it is indispensable to evaluate chanties in air quality which seems to occur when proposed transport measures are implemented. In addition, transport measures should be integrated in a set of combined Paradigm regarding transport and environment. Based on the integrated Paradigm between transportation demand management(TDM) and environmental planning, the main focus is given to apply environment cost internalizing measures to the short-term congestion management Program(SCMP) in Seoul, that has been developed in 1998 by Seoul Development Institute. Three modules are analyzed: without and/or with ₩500, ₩1000 emission plus gas tax, respectively. From the empirical applications on Seoul city, one of the most exemplary findings in SCMP program is that, emission plus gas tax can be a very useful measure to reduce vehicular emissions by targeting major Pollutants differently, rather than by dealing with pollutants collectively. Further research that provides (1)showing the spatial variation of pollution levels along the intersections, (2)more developing combined Paradigm between transport, land use, and environment, (3)using environmental road capacity rather than Physical-aspects of road capacity, and (4)continuing R&D on air quality constrained TDM, can contribute significantly to applications of the real and efficient environment-constrained transportation planning.

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A study on the estimation of unit load generation and discharge from livestock resources of piggery (돼지 축분자원화물의 발생 및 배출부하 원단위 산정에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Gee-Bong;Kang, Young-Hee;Yoon, Ji-Hyun;Rim, Jay-Myoung;Won, Chul-Hee;Choi, Seung-Chul
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.91-100
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    • 2006
  • In this study, the characterization of unit load generation and discharge from various type stall of piggery was conducted by investigation and analysis of contaminants loading from piggery urine, manure and wastewater. The results are summarized as follows: The unit load generation of filth increases as piggery grow older, but there was not large enough difference among those values of unit load evaluated for various stall types if mean values of each type of stall are considered. The generation amounts of manure and urine were total 4.57kg/head/d of 1.49kg manure/head/d and 3.08kg urine/head/d with consideration of 3 seasons and live weight. The finalized mean unit load generation of filth were estimated at BOD 199.5g/head/d, $COD_{cr}\;413.5g/head/d$, T-N 27.8g/head/d, T-P 5.3g/head/d with consideration of seasons and the type of stalls. The wastewater unit loads discharged from cement type stall were estimated at BOD 31.3g/head/d, $COD_{cr}\;95.6g/head/d$, T-N 8.9g/head/d, T-P가 3.1g/head/d. The sum of manure unit load generation considered with manure collection ratio(80%, 90%) and wastewater unit load was almost similar when compared to the unit load discharged from slurry type stall even though more or less difference were appeared according to each contaminants and parameters.

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프로판과 프로필렌 혼합가스의 폭발한계에 관한 연구

  • 이인식;최재욱;목연수;정두균;임우섭;전세호
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.329-334
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    • 2003
  • 에너지원으로 가스를 사용함으로서 산업의 급속한 발달과 생활의 풍요로움이 날로 증가되고 있으며, 화석연료에 비해 환경오염의 영향과 사용의 편리함 그리고 단위질량 당의 발열량이 크고 경제적인 이점 등의 이유로 사용량이 급속히 증가되었을 뿐만 아니라 새로운 물질을 생성하기 위한 반응공정에서도 반응성이 좋은 기체상의 물질을 공급하므로써 보다 질 좋은 제품을 생산하는 방법으로도 많이 사용되고 있다.(중략)

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Characteristics of Unit Load Generation and Discharge from Livestock Resources (축분자원화물 발생 및 배출부하 원단위 특성)

  • Han, Gee-Bong;Lee, Young-Siu;Lim, Jai-Myug
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.82-90
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    • 2008
  • The generation amounts of manure and urine were total 4.57kg/head/d of 1.49kg manure/head/d and 3.08kg urine/head/d with consideration of 3 seasons and live weight. The finalized mean unit load generation of filth were estimated at BOD 199.5g/head/d, CODCr 413.5g/head/d, T-N 27.8g/head/d, T-P 5.3g/head/d with consideration of seasons and the type of stalls. The unit load generation of manure and urine from korean cow were analyzed as 10.9kg/head/day and 3.3kg/head/day, respectively. The unit load generation of manure from milch cow was analyzed to be 24.6L/head/day which was similar to the report of MOE(2006). The urine generation, 10.5L/head/day, was higher than the results from MOA(2000) and NIAR(2000), but was lower than the results from MOE(2006), NIER(1986) and KIST(1990). The unit load generation from egg layers estimated by discharged amount and concentration analysis increases in due to the difference of planting head numbers, feed stuffs and manure disposal. In case of deer unit load generation by herbivora were calculated to be higher than data from existing references because of the gap between weight per livestock and the generation amounts of manure and urine.

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A Study on the Effective Water Quality Renovation of Songjeong Drainage Canal Using SWAT Model (SWAT모형을 이용한 송정배수로의 수질개선방안 연구)

  • Shim, Jae-Hoon;Kim, Phil-Shik;Kim, Sun-Joo;Kim, Il-Jung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.190-194
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    • 2011
  • 경포호 주변환경은 논, 밭 등의 경작지나 녹지와 같은 투수지표면과 대단위 주택단지나 도로, 상업지구, 공장시설과 같은 불투수지표면으로 구성되어 있어 SWAT 모형의 적용에 적합하다. GIS와 연계된 ArcSWAT모형을 적용하기 위하여 지형자료를 구축하고, 송정배수로 유역의 기상 및 우량 관측소를 고려하여 수문 및 기상관측자료를 입력하였다. 그리고, 소유역으로 세분화한 후 토양특성과 토지이용에 따른 모의를 실시하였고, 이를 위해 소유역내 수문학적 반응단위별로 유출, 유사 및 비점오염발생을 평가하는데 이용되는 HRU를 구축하여 활용하였다. 송정배수로는 제1배수로와 제2배수로로 구성되어있으며, 제2배수로의 유입부에 주변 아파트단지의 하수관에서 직접적으로 오염물질이 유입되어 수질오염이 심각하며, 점원과 비점원오염이 산재해있기 때문에 본 연구에서는 유출 및 수질모의가 가능한 SWAT모형을 이용하여 대상지점의 유출과 수질을 모의하였으며, 그 결과를 바탕으로 수질오염을 저감할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

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