• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.130-141
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to reconsider the necessity of stroke-related educational programs by investigating early symptoms of stroke that emergency medical technicians (EMTs) may experience. Methods: An interview survey was carried out, targeting all EMTs 298 people who were working at 119 fire safety centers and local units in Jeollabuk-do province, from April 1 to 30, 2011. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on ETMs' demographic characteristics, educational level on stroke, and awareness level about early symptoms of stroke and treatment-related characteristics of stroke patients. Results: The results showed that 63.2% of those surveyed had completed the required educational programs on stroke during the past year. The level of awareness about early symptoms of stroke and assessment of stroke patients' condition was relatively high for women, those who were 30 years under, low position people, emergency service practitioners, emergency medical technicians, and people who have completed education, respectively. It was also turned out that 82.8% of those surveyed took stroke patients to the nearest hospitals first so that they could receive appropriate treatment. The level of awareness about early symptoms of stroke and assessment of stroke patients' condition in people who have completed education were higher than non-complete. The level of awareness about early symptoms of stroke was positively correlated with confidence, satisfaction and appropriateness in treatment of stroke patients. Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that it is necessary to operate specialized educational programs to enhance EMTs' appropriate awareness of the early symptoms of stroke and assessment of stroke patient's condition.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.26-45
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• 1992

This study presents the behavioral and cognitive changes by administration of methylphenidate(MPH) and imipramine(IMI) for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in $5_{1/2}{\sim}12$ years old children referred to child psychiatric clinics. Behavioral changes are assessed with parent's and teacher's ratings. Drug effects on attention. short-term memory, and impulsivity are evaluated with psychological tests in laboratory. The changes were assessed twice in a 8-week periods. The data were analyzed seperately for 15 subjects each drug using repeated measured analysis of variance(ANOVA). The findings indicates that behavioral and cognitive impairments are improved by both drugs, but impulsivity is not. And MPH is superior to IMI on the improvement of attentional problem ; especially the findings indicates important differences between simple task and complex. perceptual-search task. These data confirm the effectiveness of MPH for treatment of ADHD, also raise questions regarding assessment method of attention and impulsivity as fell as importance of impulsivity in ADHD.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-44
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• 1999

Vegetation structure and distribution of the vascular hydrophytes and hygrophytes, and the growth pattern, standing crop and amounts of nutrient uptake by Salix species were investigated in the upper stream wetlands of the Namgang-Dam, Chinju-city, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea from April to November in 1997. The flora was composed of 43 hydrophytes and 241 hygrophytes, or total 284 vascular plants. The life forms of the hydrophytes were classified as 27 kinds of emergent plants, 4 floating-leaved plants, 3 free-floating plants, and 9 submersed plants. In the herb layer, the dominant species was Persicaria hyciropiper, and the ranges of the species diversity indices (H'), equitabilities, (J') and community similarity indices (CCs) were 1.59~1.89, 0.87~0.96, and 0.35~0.83, respectively. In the shrub and subtree layers, 17 kinds of Salix species were supposed to the pioneer plants at the early stage of the succession. The number of branches per main stem of Salix species was 5.0. The DBH class-frequency histograms of Salix species were the reverse J type, and the natural regeneration of the Salix community was expected. Basal area of Salix species per square meter was $24.87cm^2$. Volume of Salix species per square meter was $12,008cm^3$ and total phytomass of the Salix species was estimated as 12,894 ton. Biomass distribution of Salix species in the stem, the branch and twig, and the leaf was 64.1%, 28.1%, and 7.8%, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed by Salix species were 68,022 and 19,823 kg. It was recommended that application and conservation of the wetland and other counterplans are indispensable to reduce the adverse effects of water pollution and to preserve the wetland ecosystem.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.87-95
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• 2005

Vegetation structure of the vascular plants was investigated from March 2003 to October 2003 in Haepyeong wetland, Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Actual vegetation of Haepyeong wetland largely can be classified by floristic composition and physiognomy into 18 communities; Xanthium strumarium-Digitaria sanguinalis, Humulus japonicus, Persicaria perfoliata-Humulus japonicus, Phragmites japonica-Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Persicaria hydropiper-Phragmites communis, Persicaria hydropiper, Phragmites japonica-Persicaria hydropiper, Miscanthus sacchariflorus- Phragmites japonica, Persicaria hydropiper-Phragmites japonica, Miscanthus sacchariflorus-Salix glandulosa, Salix nipponica-Salix glandulosa, Salix nipponica-Salix koreensis, Salix nipponica, Miscanthus sacchariflorus-Salix nipponica, Phalaris arundinacea-Salix nipponica, Salix glandulosa-Salix nipponica, Trapa japonica, and Ceratophyllum demersum-Trapa japonica. Among them, the area of the Salix nipponica-Salix koreensis community was the largest as 122.2ha(9.23%). The dominant vegetation type was Miscanthus sacchariflorus-Persicaria hydropiper community based on phytosociological method, and it was was classified into three subcommunities; Salix glandulosa-Salix nipponica subcommunity, Digitaria sanguinalis subcommunity, and Cyperus amuricus subcommunity. Differential species of Salix glandulosa-Salix nipponica subcommunity were Salix nipponica, S. glandulosa, S. koreensis, Scirpus radicans, Persicaria maackiana, and Achyranthes japonica; differential species of Digitaria sanguinalis subcommunity were D. sanguinalis, Setaria viridis, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, and Cyperus orthostachyus; differential species of Xanthium strumarium subcommunity were X. strumarium, Acalypha australis, Erigeron canadensis, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Vicia tetrasperma. Zonation of vascular hydrophytes and hygrophytes was as followers: Salix glandulosa, S. koreensis, S. nipponica were distributed in the region of land which water table is low, and Persicaria maackiana, Persicaria hydropiper, Scirpus radicans were distributed in the understory. And emergent plants such as Phragmites communis and Scirpus karuizawensis, floating-leaved plant such as Trapa japonica, submersed plant such as Ceratophyllum demersum, and free floating plant such as Spirodela polyrhiza formed the zonation from shoreline to water. The specified wild plants designated by the Korean Association for Conservation of Nature, Ministry of Forest, and Ministry of Environment were not distributed in the study area. It was expected that Haepyeong Wetland worthy of conservation contributed purifying water pollution, giving habitats of many lifes, and providing beautiful scenes of the river.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.2 s.40
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• pp.63-77
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• 2006

The Purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the improvement or the contents or clothing curriculum in the 7th technology home economics of middle school. The standard of satisfaction of students' according to the detail domains and the standard of necessity and practical use and learners' patterns of activity task suggested in textbooks were evaluated. The ninth grade 169 boy students and 336 girl students in the national capital region were participated in this survey. According to the survey results, firstly, a dress domain got the highest relative importance(28.56%) while a clothes material domain took the lowest relative importance(8.07%) among various detail domains. Secondly, the standard of satisfaction according to each detail domain fell below the average. Generally girls' satisfaction for teaching was higher than boys'. Thirdly, a clothes material domain showed the lowest necessity for textbook contents according to detail domain and other domains showed above the average. The necessity for textbook contents appeared high for boy students rather than girl students. In addition, boy and girl students did not have interest in content relevance in textbook. Especially, they could not do well and understand experiments and practices in clothing section. Finally, The degree of utilization of the activity task ill textbooks was very low. Among various activity tasks, the learning by discovering and exploring were more utilized than cooperating learning.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-69
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• 2009

This study is intended to provide fundamental information to improve the quality of student activities presented in the Clothing & Textiles How to Dress Appropriately' section of the current middle school 'Technology Home Economics' textbooks so that Home Economics may better reflect students' interests, making it applicable in real life. The survey was conducted to 154 male and 160 female students on their preferences regarding student activities. The results are as follows. First, students who like clothing & textiles section regard "Opportunities to take part in various kinds of practices and student activities" as the major reason for preference. And the single biggest reason why they dislike the unit was due to "Too much contents to be memorized." Among various contents regarding dress in the unit, "How to Wear Clothes That Look Good on Me, and the Right Ways to Wear Them" attracted the most attention, regardless of what contents they consider necessary, interesting, or helpful in real life. Second, as for the time of implementation of the activities, students preferred "End of each class". They also preferred small-group activities (group size), well-structured problems (type of problems) and tasks that require analysis based on theoretical principles through experiments and practices (methods of implementation). Third, the findings as to the actual experience of conducting the student activities indicated that, in most cases, student activities were conducted in accordance to what was suggested in the textbooks, but not to what the students preferred. Therefore, in order to make home economics more applicable to students, it is desirable to focus on their everyday lives as is favored by the students, and increase small-group activities. Also, suggesting various and comprehensive problematic situations such as non-structured, open-ended problems and encouraging diverse implementation would be helpful in improving students' critical and creative thinking abilities.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.59-76
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• 2014

The revolution of smart media such as smart phone, smart TV and tablets has brought easiness for people to get contents and related information anywhere and anytime. The characteristics of the smart media have changed user behavior for watching the contents from passive attitude into active one. Video is a kind of multimedia resources and widely used to provide information effectively. People not only watch video contents, but also search for related information to specific objects appeared in the contents. However, people have to use extra views or devices to find the information because the existing video contents provide no information through the contents. Therefore, the interaction between user and media is becoming a major concern. The demand for direct interaction and instant information is much increasing. Digital media environment is no longer expected to serve as a one-way information service, which requires user to search manually on the internet finding information they need. To solve the current inconvenience, an interactive service is needed to provide the information exchange function between people and video contents, or between people themselves. Recently, many researchers have recognized the importance of the requirements for interactive services, but only few services provide interactive video within restricted functionality. Only cooking domain is chosen for an interactive cooking video query service in this research. Cooking is receiving lots of people attention continuously. By using smart media devices, user can easily watch a cooking video. One-way information nature of cooking video does not allow to interactively getting more information about the certain contents, although due to the characteristics of videos, cooking videos provide various information such as cooking scenes and explanation for each recipe step. Cooking video indeed attracts academic researches to study and solve several problems related to cooking. However, just few studies focused on interactive services in cooking video and they still not sufficient to provide the interaction with users. In this paper, an interactive cooking video query service system with linked data to provide the interaction functionalities to users. A linked recipe schema is used to handle the linked data. The linked data approach is applied to construct queries in systematic manner when user interacts with cooking videos. We add some classes, data properties, and relations to the linked recipe schema because the current version of the schema is not enough to serve user interaction. A web crawler extracts recipe information from allrecipes.com. All extracted recipe information is transformed into ontology instances by using developed instance generator. To provide a query function, hundreds of questions in cooking video web sites such as BBC food, Foodista, Fine cooking are investigated and analyzed. After the analysis of the investigated questions, we summary the questions into four categories by question generalization. For the question generalization, the questions are clustered in eleven questions. The proposed system provides an environment associating UI (User Interface) and UX (User Experience) that allow user to watch cooking videos while obtaining the necessary additional information using extra information layer. User can use the proposed interactive cooking video system at both PC and mobile environments because responsive web design is applied for the proposed system. In addition, the proposed system enables the interaction between user and video in various smart media devices by employing linked data to provide information matching with the current context. Two methods are used to evaluate the proposed system. First, through a questionnaire-based method, computer system usability is measured by comparing the proposed system with the existing web site. Second, the answer accuracy for user interaction is measured to inspect to-be-offered information. The experimental results show that the proposed system receives a favorable evaluation and provides accurate answers for user interaction.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.195-205
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• 2016

Sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, causes serious economic losses worldwide in Brassicaceae crops. In 2011, this nematode was first found in highland vegetable cultivation areas in Korea, and thereafter spread to the surrounding healthy Chinese cabbage fields. However, little has been documented on the biological and ecological characteristics of the sugar beet nematode in highland vegetable cultivation areas. In this study the dispersal of the sugar beet cyst nematode was examined, focusing on spreading through soil and/or water infested with the nematode. When farmers with work boots trampled on Chinese cabbage fields for 10 minutes, the number of cysts recovered from the soil attached to the working differed depending on the research sites. Under irrigation conditions of 2, 4, and 8 liters of water per $m^2$, the amounts of soils attached on the bottom of the work boots and the number of healthy cysts in the soils increased significantly with the increase in soil moisture, although the total number of cysts, eggs, and juveniles did not increase significantly. After driving on the farm road adjacent to cabbage fields infested with the sugar beet cyst nematode, cysts were also recovered from the soil attached to the vehicle's tires, suggesting that the sugar beet cyst nematode can spread to new fields through soil carried by vehicles and by farmers. An excavator and a motor truck could deliver 41 kg and 224 g, respectively, of soil on the shovel shoes and the wheels to other locations during the Chinese cabbage harvest, suggesting that farming equipment and transportation vehicles may be vital means by which the cyst nematode spreads to non-infested fields in the highland area of Korea. Runoff water also contained cysts, whose amounts increased after water irrigation onto the ridges to simulate rainy conditions, with no significant difference in the number of cysts with increasing amounts of irrigation water. All of these results confirmed that the sugar beet cyst nematode spreads through soil attached to work boots, harvesting tools, and transportation vehicles, especially during the harvest time, and through runoff water on rainy days. These observations suggest that personal sanitization and cleaning of working tools and vehicles are one of the most important means to prevent the dispersal of the sugar beet cyst nematode in fields.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.5 s.95
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• pp.617-625
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• 2006

This study was done to provide basic data for the operation of a safer cook-chill system by comparing and evaluating the quality of foods which were prepared using the sous vide cook-chill system and the conventional cook-chill system, according to the preparation methods and storage temperature. Simmered chickens in soy sauce were prepared using the sous vide cook-chill system and the conventional cook-chill system and their quality was evaluated at the time of preparation and storage. Firstly, foods were prepared using the sous vide cook-chill (SVCC) system and the conventional cook-chill (CC) system and the redquired time and temperature during each preparation stage were measured and physicochemical (pH, Aw, and moisture content) and microbial qualities were evaluated. Secondly, in order to evaluate the quality and safety, the moisture content and microbial (standard plate count, coliform count, psychrotrophic bacteria count, and anaerobic bacteria count) qualities were evaluated according to the preparation methods and temperatures after the foods were stored at 3$^{\circ}C$ and 10$^{\circ}C$ for 10 days and reheated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.809-815
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• 2015

In this study, we confirmed biological compounds from methanol (MeOH) extract of processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PPMR), and the radical scavenging effect and oxidative stress protective activity of MeOH extract of PPMR were investigated under in vitro conditions using LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cells. In HPLC analysis, MeOH extract of PPMR contained four species of biological compounds named 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, emodin, chrysophanol, and rhein. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside was detected as the main compound in PPMR as 115.02 mg/kg. MeOH extract of PPMR showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities in a concentration- dependent manner. In particular, upon $50{\mu}g/mL$ of PPMR extract treatment, DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were approximately 48.4%, 57.9%, and 81.2%, respectively. LLC-$PK_1$ cell viability declined in response to oxidative stress induced by pyrogallol, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) generators of NO, $O_2{^-}$, and $ONOO^-$, respectively. However, MeOH extract of PPMR significantly and dose-dependently inhibited oxidative-stressed LLC-$PK_1$ cell cytotoxicity. In fact, upon $50{\mu}g/mL$ of PPMR extract treatment, LLC-$PK_1$ cell viabilities were approximately 82.1%, 89.1%, and 77.6% compared to stress levels induced by pyrogallol, SNP, and SIN-1, respectively.