• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.6
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• pp.435-445
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• 2013

One of the most challenging issues in radio frequency identification (RFID) and near field communications (NFC) is to correctly and quickly recognize a number of tag IDs in the reader's field. Unlike the probabilistic anti-collision schemes, a query tree based protocol guarantees to identify all the tags, where the distribution of tag IDs is assumed to be uniform. However, in real implements, the prefix of tag ID is uniquely assigned by the EPCglobal and the remaining part is sequentially given by a company or manufacturer. In this paper, we propose an enhanced M-ary query tree protocol (EMQT), which effectively reduces unnecessary query-response cycles between similar tag IDs using m-bit arbitration and tag expectation. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the EMQT significantly outperforms other schemes in terms of identification time, identification efficiency and communications overhead.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.33-44
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• 2000

The lightning with high voltage and current can enter the basestations for mobile communication through their antenna. The device which can protect the basestation against the lightning, is surge arrestor. In this paper, the concept, kind, operating mechanism, design and fabrication of surge arrestor were studied. Based on the studied data, variable surge arrestors were designed for the current mobile communication service like a cellular, GSM and PCS and the next generation mobile communication like a IMT-2000. Computer simulation for the prediction of their characteristics and inner structure optimization for the improvement of their electrical characteristics were carried with high frequency 3D structure simulator. Quarter wave short stub surge arrestors for IMT-2000 were fabricated with their final design and then the measurement of electrical characteristics and the lightning test were executed. As a results of measurement, we obtained below 1.05 of VSWR, -0.035 dB of insertion loss, -150 dBc of intermodulation and 7∼ll V of residual voltage.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.245-248
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• 2008

Recently, much research has been conducted on FRP composite to replace steel. However, the concept of FRP girder filled with concrete has not been fully attempted. This study focuses on the analytical behavior of FRP girders filled with concrete. FRP girders usually have large deflection due to relatively low elastic modulus compared to steel members. However, in the previous experimental investigation on small sized modular beams, it has been verified that the displacement of FRP-girder filled with concrete is reduced and the strength is increased considerably. In this research, analytical investigations have conducted to verify the analytical method by comparing the results with tests. In addition, analyses on large girders assembled with small modules have been carried out to predict the feasibility before tests. The analytical results showed that the assembled FRP girders can be used as substitutes for steel girders.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 1992

To improve the MCFC performance it is important to distingush between polarization losses occuring in the individual electrodes and other components. In this study a current interruption technique has been applied to a MCFC unit cell having a reference electrode to separately study the contributions of IR loss and other polarization losses. At a current density of $150mA/cm^2$ the IR-free polarization of a Ni anode was about 60mV while that of a NiO cathode was 130mV and the Ohmic loss of the cell was as large as 170mV suggesting that both the cathode and the cell structure need further improvement. The thin-film electrode model was used to simulate the performance of the electrodes. Both andoe data and cathode data were successfully fitted.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.4B
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• pp.412-421
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• 2011

An economic ship routing means to sail a ship with a goal of minimizing the fuel consumption by utilizing weather forecast information, and many such systems have been recently developed. Most of them assume that sailing is carried out with a constraint like a fixed output of engine-power or a fixed sailing speed. However, if the output of engine-power is controlled, it is possible to reduce the fuel consumption by sailing a ship under a relatively good weather condition. In this paper, we propose a novel economic ship routing system which can search optimal outputs of the engine-power for each part of a path by employing an evolutionary strategy. In addition, we develope an $A^*$ algorithm to find the shortest path and a method to enhance the degree of curve representation. These make the proposed system applicable to an arbitrary pair of departure and destination points. We compared our proposed system with another existing system not controlling output of the engine-power over 36 scenarios in total, and observed that the former reduced the estimated fuel consumption than the latter by 1.3% on average and the maximum 5.6% with little difference of estimated time of arrival.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.12C
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 2008

H.264 is the prominent video coding standard in various applications such as real-time streaming and digital multimedia broadcasting, since it provides enhanced compression performance, error resilience tools, and network adaptation. Compression efficiency of H.264 has been improved, however, it requires more computing and memory access than traditional methods. In this paper we proposed adaptive intra fast algorithm for real-time video surveillance system reducing the encoding complexity of H264/A VC. For this aim, temporal interrelationship between macroblock in the previous and the current frame is used to decide the encoding mode of macroblock fast. As a result, though video quality was deteriorated a little, less than 0.04dB, and bit rate was somewhat increased in suggested method, however, proposed method improved encoding time significantly and, in particular, encoding time of an image with little changes of neighboring background such as surveillance video was more shortened than traditional methods.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2010

Sensor Networks are composed of many sensor nodes, which are capable of sensing, computing, and communicating with each other, and one or more sink node(s). Sensor networks collect information of various objects' identification and surrounding environment. Due to the limited resources of sensor nodes, use of wireless channel, and the lack of infrastructure, sensor networks are vulnerable to security threats. Most research of sensor networks have focused on how to detect and counter one type of attack. However, in real sensor networks, it is impractical to predict the attack to occur. Additionally, it is possible for multiple attacks to occur in sensor networks. In this paper, we propose the Secure Routing Mechanism to Defend Multiple Attacks in Sensor Networks. The proposed mechanism improves and combines existing security mechanisms, and achieves higher detection rates for single and multiple attacks.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2012

This paper describes efficient H.264/AVC video scrambling methods for digital rights management. The proposed scrambling methods are to scramble level and suffix in entropy encoding and MVD in motion estimation of the H.264 video compression process. Other scrambling methods have been proposed but they degrade the compression efficiency or make it difficult to achieve real-time processing due to the large amount of computational efforts. Since the proposed scrambling methods resolve the drawbacks of other approaches, they do not cause image distortion and the original compression efficiency is maintained. We verified our scrambling methods and evaluated the performance by conducting several experiments with H.264 reference program. Finally, we implemented video player system using USB dongle in order to apply the proposed scrambling/descrambling methods to H.264 video compression.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.729-730
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• 2007

선진국의 경우 송전용 애자의 내구성 향상을 위한 새로운 평가 기법을 적용하여 신뢰성을 향상시키는 등 연구가 활발하지만 국산 송전용 애자에 대한 열화요인 진단 및 대체기술은 거의 초기 연구 단계에 불과하다. 따라서, 국내 송전 선로 환경에 따른 송전용 애자의 구성 요소별 장기 열화요인 분석 기술의 부족을 극복할 필요가 있다. 모든 형태의 절연물은 사용 환경에 따라 열화에 따른 품질 저하는 피할 수 없다. 이에따라 초기 설계에서 최종적인 품질 확인 시험까지 적절한 불량 요인을 진단하여 개선 할 수 있는 제조공정과 경년품에 대한 정기적인 열화 시험 평가 등을 통해 송전용 자기애자의 신뢰성을 유지하는 것이 필요하다. 송전용 현수 애자의 수명과 신뢰성을 결정하는 요인은 복합적이며, 적정한 시료수와 통계적 접근 방법을 동원하여 분석하는 것이 최선이다 자기 애자의 수명에 영향을 주는 핵심 인자는 시멘트 및 자기부의 강도 저하로 알려져 있다. 기본적인 단품 성능시험을 실시한 결과, 냉열 및 급준파 특성에 대한 내구성이 문제점으로 도출되었다. 물론 특정 경년품(1989년도 제품)에서 집중적으로 불량이 발생한 것이지만, 이것은 일반적으로 문제가 있는 자기 애자에서 발생하는 전형적인 형태이다. 현재 가장 문제가 되는 것은 급준파 및 내아크 시험과 같이 열적, 기계적 충격에 대한 내구성을 확인하는 열화 평가방법이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 경년품 및 신품에 대한 냉열 가속, 경년 가속 열화시험 및 급준파 열화시험과 현수 애자의 핵심 소재인 자기의 HRB 경도 특성 시험하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.500-506
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• 2007

The Type Object Design Pattern is proposed to provide a solution on the situation in the case that one class has too many subclasses or the number of subclasses are undefined. Although this pattern has many advantages in terms of applicability and dynamic object behavior, it has a weak point in runtime pattern operation that it has to build and maintain a class reference mechanism in runtime to reference the class (de facto 'object') of instances. To solve that problem, this paper addresses the solution of the runtime class reference problem of Type Object Pattern. it defines a new class of Type Object Class (TOC) from Type Class and Object Class in Type Object pattern and presents the methods of creating, compiling, and memory-loading the TOC. It depends on built-in class reference mechanism of object-oriented programming language, and is not necessary to fit with the additional mechanism. Consequently, we need not to set up the additional class reference mechanism and system performance is enhanced due to it.