• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.19-42
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the tasks of 'dietary life' in the textbook developed according to the 2015 revised middle school 「Technology·Home economics」 education curriculum based on the multiple intelligence teaching and learning methods. To accomplish this purpose, 12 textbooks of middle school 「Technology·Home economics」 textbooks were titled "Nutrition and Dietary Behavior of Adolescents", "Planning and Choosing Meals", "Choosing Foods and Safe Cooking" except the questions, the tasks that the students can perform are analyzed based on the teaching and learning methods using multiple intelligences. Analysis methods were analyzed by using contents analysis method, focusing on learning activities, and sub-questions of activities were all included in each activity, and the process of preparing activities on a continuous line was grouped into one. Three people analyzed the activities and proceeded to revise and supplement the analysis standard through consultation. The other three researchers confirmed it. As a result of analyzing 12 kinds of textbooks, the number of activity tasks was 25~74 for each kind of textbooks, and the total number of activities was 527. According to the ratio of multiple intelligences, 35% of the tasks were using logical-mathematical intelligence, and 26.8% of linguistic intelligence, 23% of intrapersonal intelligence, 7.2% of interpersonal intelligence, 3.8% of spatial intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic(2.7%) and musical intelligence(1.5%). On the other hand, it was analyzed that there is no activity task using naturalist intelligence. Except to the naturalist intelligence, general intelligence was utilized. This indicates that the home economics curriculum is a convergence of the home economics curriculum in that it is a reorganization by extracting the contents and methods of other curriculum related to dietary life, is interpreted. This study is expected to provide a framework for various teaching and learning methods to activate students' participation classes and to provide an alternative to realize convergence education in home economics curriculum.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2011

This prospective study was designed to compare clinical outcomes of immediately loaded implant with delayed loaded implant in partially posterior edentulous patients. For test group, 42 GS III (Osstem, Korea) implants in 17 patients were loaded within 48 hours after the placement. Control group was 27 implants in 15 patients loaded at $2.6{\pm}1.7months$ from the placement surgery. Before loading, primary stability was evaluated by ISQ value. Clinical symptoms, mobility, soft tissue state was evaluated at baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of loading. Marginal bone level change was also measured with periapical radiographs. Mann-Whitney test (${\alpha}$=0.05) and repeated measured ANOVA (${\alpha}$=0.05) was used for marginal bone level change between two groups. At the baseline, mean ISQ value of test group and control group was $80.3{\pm}7.1$ and $69{\pm}17$ respectively. Test group showed 95.23% of success rate and 100% of control group was successful. At 3 and 6months of loading, significantly more bone resorption was observed in test group than in control group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the bone level change at 12months of loading between two groups (p>0.05). Marginal bone level change showed no significant difference with gender and location (p>0.05). Within the limitation of this study, when primary stability was obtained, immediate loading of GS III implant at posterior region could be predictable treatment option.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.223-241
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this present study evaluated the osseous response around Ca-P coated xenogenic bone and compared osteogenic potential of Ca-P coated xenogenic bone to that of combination with type I collagen derived from bovine tendon as a biocompatible binder to prevent migration of bone particle on the repair of calvarial defects in rabbits. To study the effects of Ca-P coated xenogenic bone and collagen on bone healing, four 5-mm-diameter skull defect were made in calvaria with trephine filled with an autogenous bone chip or Ca-P coated xenogenic bone or Ca-P coated xenogenic bone and type I collagen (1:1 mixture by volume) or left empty. The defects were evaluated histologically at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks following implantation. Ca-P coated xenogenic bone at the calvarial defects of rabbits showed osteoconductivity at the margin of defect in the early stage of bony healing, but no direct contact with new bone was observed. With time passed by, it was resorbed slowly and showed consistent inflammatory reaction. An additional use of type I collagen derived from bovine tendon improved clinical handling, but no new bone formation was observed histologically. Above all, autogenous bone graft showed most prominent healing in quantity and density of new bone formation. According to this study, the use of Ca-P coated xenogenic bone alone and combination with type I collagen did not showed effective healing in quantity and density of new bone formation.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 2016

High Ni content layered oxide materials for the positive electrode in lithium-ion batteries have high specific capacity. However, their poor electrochemical and thermal stability at elevated temperature restrict the practical use. A small amount of $Al_2O_3$ was added to the mixture of transition metal hydroxide and lithium hydroxide. The $LiNi_{0.6}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.2}O_2$ was simultaneously doped and coated with $Al_2O_3$ during heat-treatment. Electrochemical characteristics of modified $LiNi_{0.6}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.2}O_2$ were evaluated by the galvanostatic cycling and the LSTA(linear sweep thermmametry) at the constant voltage conditions. The nano-sized $Al_2O_3$ added materials show better cycle performance at elevated temperature than that of micro-sized $Al_2O_3$. As the added amount of nano-$Al_2O_3$ increased, the thermal stability of electrode also enhanced, but the use of 2.5 mol% Al showed the best high temperature performance.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2016

The objective of this study is to increase the accuracy of dose transmission in radiation therapy using two types of treatment tables, standard exact couch (Varian 21EX, Varian Medical Systems, Milpitas, CA) and 6D robotic couch (Novalis, BrainLAB A.G., Heimstetten, Germany)). We examined the dose attenuation based on the two types of treatment tables and studied the dose of attenuation using the phase (In/Out) for the standard exact couch. We measured the relative dose according to the incident angle of a penetrative photon beam under a treatment table. The incident angle of the photon beam was from $0^{\circ}$ to $360^{\circ}$ in the increments of $5^{\circ}$. The reference angle was set to $0^{\circ}$. Furthermore, the relative dose of the 6D robotic couch was measured using 6 MV and 15 MV, and that of the standard exact couch was measured at the sliding rail position (In-Out) using 6 MV and 10 MV. In the case of the standard exact couch, the measured relative dose was 16.53% (rails at the "In position," $175^{\circ}$, 6 MV), 12.42% (rails at the "In position," $175^{\circ}$, 10 MV), 13.13% (rails at the "Out position," $175^{\circ}$, 6 MV), and 9.96% (rails at the "Out position," $175^{\circ}$, 10 MV). In the case of the 6D robotic couch, the measured relative dose was 6.82% ($130^{\circ}$, 6 MV) and 4.92% ($130^{\circ}$, 15 MV). The photon energies were surveyed at the same incident angle. The dose attenuation for an energy of 10 MV was 4~5% lower than that for 6 MV. This indicated that the higher photon energy, lesser is the attenuation. The results of this study indicated that the attenuation rate for the 6D robotic couch was confirmed to be 1% larger than that for the standard exact couch at 6 MV and $180^{\circ}$. In the case of the standard exact couch, the dose attenuation was found to change rapidly in accordance with the phase ("In position" and "Out position") of the sliding rail.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2014

The IMRT is proper implement to get high dose deliver to tumor as its shape and selective approach in radiation therapy. Since the IMRT is performed as modulated the radiation fluence by the MLC created the open shapes and its irradiation time, the dose of segment of radiation field effects on the cumulated portal dose. The accurate output factor of small and step shape of segment is important to improve the determination of deliver tumor dose as it is directly proportional to dose. This experiment performed with the 6 MV photon beam of Clinac Ex(Varian) from $3{\times}3cm^2$ to $0.5{\times}0.5cm^2$ small field size for collimator jaw in MLC free and/or for MLC open field in fixed collimator jaw $10{\times}10cm^2$ using the CC01 ion chamber, SFD diode, diamond detector and X-Omat film dosimetry. As results of normalized to the reference field of $10{\times}10cm^2$ of MLC, the output factor of $3{\times}3cm^2$ showed $0.899{\pm}0.0106$, $0.855{\pm}0.0106$ for $2{\times}2cm^2$, $0.764{\pm}0.0082$ for $1{\times}1cm^2$ and $0.602{\pm}0.0399$ for $0.5{\times}0.5cm^2$. The output factor of MLC open field has shown a maximum 3.8% higher than that of the collimator jaw open field.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 2007

Purpose: Any battery impacted in the esophagus must be removed urgently because of the possibility of serious complications such as perforation, fistula, and mediastinitis. The use of endoscopic procedures was compared to find the most rapid, effective, and safe method to remove disk batteries. Methods: The cases of 24 children (9 males, mean age, 1.5 years) that had accidentally ingested disk batteries were reviewed. The patients had visited the Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital from July 1997 to June 2007 for the removal of disk batteries. Endoscopic removal was attempted using a retrieval net or a magnetic extractor with a balloon (condom). The procedure times for removing the ingested battery were compared. Results: Children that ingested batteries with a larger diameter (20 mm) had a greater chance to have esophageal impaction with serious injury, such as esophageal mucosal necrosis or ulcers, as compared to the ingestion of smaller diameter batteries (10 mm) (p<0.01). Endoscopic removal of disk batteries was attempted either using a retrieval net in 10 children or by using a magnetic extractor with a balloon in 6 children. Endoscopic removal using a retrieval net was more effective (mean procedure time: 1.5 min) as compared to using a magnetic extractor with a balloon (mean procedure time: 3.3 min) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both procedures, either using a retrieval net or a magnetic extractor with a balloon were effective in removing ingested disk batteries. Based on our experience, an endoscopic procedure using a retrieval net was a more effective method for foreign body removal.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2017

The majority of freshwater ornamental fish are imported and distributed domestically, causing high risk of exposure to exotic pathogens and drug resistant bacteria in Korea. Aeromonas hydrophila is known as a common species of fresh water bacteria and opportunistic fish pathogen, as well as a species causing zoonotic infection. In this study, we isolated motile aeromonads from various imported freshwater ornamental fish and studied the characters of the isolates. Imported freshwater ornamental fish were purchased on day 1 after the fish were deposited in the aquarium. Bacteria were isolated from the liver, kidney and spleen of fish using 0.5% NaCl containing tryptic soy agar medium. Bacteria were grouped on the basis of their morphological characteristics. The colonies with clear zone on starch-ampicillin agar (SA agar) were tentatively identified as Aeromonas spp. Two hundred and twenty-six strains, about 70% of total isolates were assumed to be Aeromonas spp. Nine isolates were further identified based on the result of the API 20E test and PCR using primers specific for A. hydrophila 16S rRNA gene. The isolates were identified as A. hydrophila and the API 20E test showed differences in trisodium citrate, D-sucrose, D-melibiose, amygdalin and L-arabinose availability between the nine isolates and standard A. hydrophila. The susceptibilities of the isolated bacteria to 10 antibacterial agents were confirmed by the disk diffusion method. Isolated strains were found to be resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin and sensitive to florfenicol. However, 7 isolates showed multiple drug resistances to erythromycin, oxytetracycline, nalidixic acid etc. Pathogenicity of the isolates was determined by the artificial challenge test on goldfish (Carassius auratus). Three isolates caused 60 ~ 80% mortality in goldfish within 5 days after the initiation of challenge. These results indicate that multiple drug resistant, highly pathogenic and exotic A. hydrophila can spread to domestic aquarium and the preventive treatment of fish before sale is necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.565-572
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of barley (Huinchalssalbori) and domestic wheats (Keumkangmil, Baegjoongmil, Jogyeongmil). The pH and total acidity of mixed Makgeolli were 4.04~4.12% and 0.94~1.06%, respectively. The total acidity, sugar and alcohol contents of Makgeolli, but not pH, varied significantly by wheat cultivar (p<0.05). In terms of color values, the L-value of Baegjoongmil, a-value and b-value of Keumkangmil were highest. The reducing sugar contents was approximately 5.65~7.85 mg/mL, and those of Jogyeongmil and imported wheat were approximately 5.70 mg/mL lower. The yeast cell numbers did not differ significantly, with the exception of in the rice Makgeolli (p<0.05). Among the organic acids (citric, malic, pyruvic and lactic acids) in Makgeolli, citric acid was present at the highest concentration. Regarding the sensory characteristics of Makgeolli mixed with barley and wheat, taste and overall acceptability were highest in Baegjoongmil, and appearance and flavor were highest in Keumkangmil. The rice Makgeolli showed the lowest sensory values, with the exception of appearance. The results of this study suggest that mixing Makgeolli with barley and wheat is an expected to replace the wheat materials in the domestic wheat to be imported.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.11 no.7
• /
• pp.547-553
• /
• 2017

In the current medical field, lead is widely used as a radiation shield. However, the lead weight is very heavy, so wearing protective clothing such as apron is difficult to wear for long periods of time and there is a problem with the danger of lethal toxicity in humans. Recently, many studies have been conducted to develop substitute materials of lead to resolve these problems. As a substitute materials for lead, barium(Ba) and iodine(I) have excellent shielding ability. But, It has characteristics emitting characteristic X-rays from the energy area near 30 keV. For patients or radiation workers, shielding materials is often made into contact with the human body. Therefore, the characteristic X-rays generated by the shielding material are directly exposured in the human body, which increases the risk of increasing radiation absorbed dose. In this study, we have developed the FLUKA transport code, one of the most suitable elements of radiation transport codes, to remove the characteristic X-rays generated by barium or iodine. We have verified the reliability of the shielding fraction of the structure of the structure shielding by comparing with the MCPDX simulations conducted as a prior study. Using the MCNPX and FLUKA, the double layer shielding structures with the various thickness combination consisting of barium sulphate ($BaSO_4$) and bismuth oxide($Bi_2O_3$) are designed. The accuracy of the type shown in IEC 61331-1 was geometrically identical to the simulation. In addition, the transmission spectrum and absorbed dose of the shielding material for the successive x-rays of 120 kVp spectra were compared with lead. In results, $0.3mm-BaSO_4/0.3mm-Bi_2O_3$ and $0.1mm-BaSO_4/0.5mm-Bi_2O_3$ structures have been absorbed in both 33 keV and 37 keV characteristic X-rays. In addition, for high-energy X-rays greater than 90 keV, the shielding efficiency was shown close to lead. Also, the transport code of the FLUKA's photon transport code was showed cut-off on low-energy X-rays(below 33keV) and is limited to computerized X-rays of the low-energy X-rays. But, In high-energy areas above 40 keV, the relative error with MCNPX was found to be highly reliable within 6 %.