• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.107-131
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• 1988

본고(本稿)는 세수증대(稅收增大)가 충분치 않은 경우 재정적자(財政赤字)를 충당하기 위한 국채발행(國債發行)은 본원통화(本源通貨)의 증대가 뒤따르지 않을 경우에도 물가를 즉시 상승시킬 수 있음을 정부(政府)의 동태적(動態的) 예산제약(豫算制約)이 나타내는 단순한 산수(算數)를 이용해서 보여주고 있다. 본고(本稿)가 가정하는 상황(합리적(合理的) 기대(期待), 정확(正確)한 정보(情報) 등)에서는 정부의 예산제약(豫算制約)을 동태적(動態的)으로 계속 연결해서 얻을 수 있는 실제의 동태적(動態的) 예산제약식(豫算制約式)을 검증할 수 있는 형태의 식으로 대체할 수 있다. 이 새로운 예산제약식(豫算制約式)에 의하면 미래잉여금(未來剩餘金)의 기대액(期待額)이 변하지 않는 상태에서의 국채발행(國債發行)은 즉각적으로 현재의 물가상승(物價上昇)을 유발(誘發)하고, 미래잉여금(未來剩餘金)의 기대액(期待額)의 감소(減少)(미래재정적자를 포함) 또한 같은 결과를 초래한다. 전후(戰後) 미국(美國)과 주요공업국가(主要工業國家)의 시계열자료(時系列資料)를 벡터자기회귀분석방법(自己回歸分析方法)에 의해서 분석한 결과 이들 잘 발달된 자본시장(資本市場)을 가진 나라에서는 본고(本稿)의 이론(理論)과 부합(符合)되게 물가(物價)와 국채(國債) 그리고 잉여금(剩餘金)이 변동해 왔음을 알 수 있다. 한국(韓國)의 자본시장여건(資本市場興件)이 현재는 이들 국가와 다르지만 곧 근접해 갈 것이 기대되므로, 앞으로 재정적자(財政赤字)를 국채발행(國債發行)에 의해서 조달해야 할 경우 물가(物價)에 대한 파급효과(波及效果)를 감안해서 세수(稅收)의 확대(擴大)가 뒤따르는 경우에 한하도록 하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2003

This study(II) apply to the A city by using the optimal rehabilitation model based on the deterioration prediction of the water distribution system proposed the study(I). The deterioration prediction model divides factors into 14 factors with digging and experiment and 9 factor without digging and experiment and calculate the deterioration degree. The application results of the deterioration prediction model show that a difference of the deterioration degree according to factor numbers is within 1~2%. Also, the model can predict the deterioration degree of each pipe without digging and experiment. The optimal rehabilitation model is divided into the optimal residual durability of each deterioration factor and budget constraint or not. The application result is as follow: the rehabilitation time and cost increase according to the increasing of the optimal residual durability. When compared the model with budget constraint and model without budget constraint, the former model increase the cost of total contents. In case of budget constraint, the increasing tendency is concluded that the pipe rehabilitation is executed in same budget every year in condition that every rehabilitation cost do not exceed the every year budget within the optimal residual durability.

• 인삼약초
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• v.4 no.2 s.12
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• pp.34-35
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• 2006

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.327-338
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• 2013

Effective and efficient selection of IT projects is crucial for company's competitiveness. The selection of IT projects usually involves consideration of budget constraints but existing IT project selection models often neglect budget constraints. This paper presents an IT project selection model which considers budget constraints. AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) and Knapsack problem model have been combined to develop the proposed model, AHP-K model, where AHP is used to estimate weights of selection criteria and, then, a knapsack problem model is utilized to optimize selection of IT project while meeting the budget constraints. In this paper, a case study is provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed AHP-K model. It has been shown that the proposed AHP-K model is better than the AHP model in terms of total utility of projects and investment efficiency.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1989-1998
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• 2013

As the importance of 'bike revitalization' has been emphasized in our society, many cities around the world put enormous efforts to create a bike-oriented transportation system. None the less, the results were not much productive and effective. In this study, to decide the location and number of the bike-parking facilities, the heuristic P-median algorithm has been applied with and without budget constraints. A test network with 30 candidate locations (centroids) were employed. The results show that the optimum number of bike parking lots with and without the budget limits are 9 and 20, respectively. Since the optimum locations determined in this study were congruous with the actual bike parking lots with high utilization rates, it is expected that the proposed methods can be applied for determining the optimum locations of the bike parking facilities elsewhere. Some limitations and future research agenda have also been discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.175-184
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• 2008

Uncertainties are unavoidable in engineering applications. In this paper we propose an alpha reliable multi-variable network design problem under demand uncertainty. In order to decide the optimal capacity enhancement, three performance measures based on 3E(Efficiency, Equity, and Environmental) are considered. The objective is to minimize the total budget required to satisfy alpha reliability constraint of total travel time, equity ratio, and total emission, while considering the route choice behavior of network users. The problem is formulated as the chance-constrained model for application of alpha confidence level and solved as a lexicographic optimization problem to consider the multi-variable. A simulation-based genetic algorithm procedure is developed to solve this complex network design problem(NDP). A simple numerical example ispresented to illustrate the features of the proposed NDP model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Reliability Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.321-328
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• 2000

본 연구는 새로운 장비체계 도입 시 초기 일정기간 동안 장비의 목표가용도 유지를 위해 필요한 동시조달수리부속(Concurrent Spare Parts)와 적정소요 산출에 관한 해법을 제시한다. 새로운 장비체계 도입 시 함께 보급되는 예비수리부속은 장비체계 운용에 중요한 역할을 한다. 따라서 장비체계가 주어진 임무를 수행하는 동시에 정상상태를 유지하기 위한 적정수준의 예비부속 확보가 필요하며 최소의 비용으로 장비의 가동률을 극대화 할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 부품의 고장특성 및 수리능력을 고려한 고장분포함수를 바탕으로 각 부속별 중요도를 만족시키는 초기 수리부속 소요 결정모형과 해 산정기법을 제시하며 가용예산 제약에 따른 소요조정을 통해 최적의 예비부속 재고수준을 결정한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.3 s.89
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• pp.7-15
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• 2006

A large sample can Provide more information about the Population. As the sample size Increases, analysts will be more confident about the survey results. On the other hand, the costs for survey will increase in time and manpower. Therefore, determination of the sample size is a trade-off between the required accuracy and the cost. In addition, permitted error and significance level should be considered. Sample size determination in surveys for O/D estimation is also connected with confidence of survey result. However, the past methods were usually too simple to consider confidence. Therefore, a new method for O/D surveys was Proposed and it was accurate enough, but it has too large sample size when we have current budget constraint. In this research, several minimum sample size determination methods for origin-destination survey under budget constraint were proposed. Each method decreased sample size, but has its own advantages. Selection of the sample size will depend on the study Purpose and budget constraint.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.547-559
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• 2003

In this study, a mathematical model is developed for sewer rehabilitation planning by considering cost and inflow/infiltration. A sewer rehabilitation planning model is required to decide the economic life of the sewer by considering trade-off between cost and inflow/infiltration. And it is required to find the optimal rehabilitation timing, according to the cost effectiveness of each sewer rehabilitation within the budget. To solve the problem, we formulated a multiple objective mixed integer programming(MOMIP) model based on network flow optimization. The network is composed of state nodes and arcs. The state nodes represent the remaining life and the arcs represent the change of the state. The model considers multiple objectives which are cost minimization and minimization of inflow/infiltration. Using the multiple objective optimization, the trade-off between the cost and inflow/infiltration is presented to the planner so that a proper sewer rehabilitation plan can be selected.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 1980

This paper deals with the capital budgeting problem of a firm where investments are risky and interrelated. The established models might be classified into two categories; One is the chance-constrained programming model and the other is the expected utility maximization model. The former has a rather limited objective function and does not consider the risk in direct manner. The latter, on the other hand, might lead to a wrong decision because it uses an approximate value of expected utility. This paper attempts to extend the applicability of the chance-constrained programming model by modifying its objective function into a more general form. The capital budgeting problem is formulated as a nonlinear 0-1 integer programming problem first, and is formulated into a linear 0-1 integer programming problem for finding a lower-bound solution of the original problem. The optimal solution of the original problem is then obtained by branch & bound algorithm.