• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2014

This study evaluated economic value recognized by the residents for the pleasant urban park management using contingent valuation method(CVM) to APEC Memorial Park in Pusan in terms of private fund development for the management of the city park. As a result, the estimated amount payable by each household for the management of APEC Memorial Park in Busan was between 5,673 won and 8,358 won. If such amount is expanded to households in park hosting area, it was 2.2~2.3 times of the park management budget in 2012, which demonstrates the willingness to pay (WTP) of residents for pleasant park was higher than the management budget. Social factors of respondents affecting WTP for city park management operation included age, educational level and income level. Those with high age and high education level had higher WTP. And, WTP was much affected by the use of park and recognition of residents. In particular, those with high frequency in the use of parks had higher WTP, and the users with more than once per week had 1.1 times higher WTP than overall WTP. Then, the satisfaction of park rather than recognition of necessity of park had led to higher WTP. Accordingly, it is necessary to manage park facility management and use program operation to enhance park satisfaction and it is also required to develop a park culture distribution policy to link such recognition to donation.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2018

This study analyze the factors affecting the number of bidders in public contracts by collecting contract data such as purchase of goods, service and facility construction through KONEPS among various forms of public contracts. The reason why the number of bidders is important in public contracts is that it can be a minimum criterion for judging whether to enter into a rational contract through fair competition and is closely related to the budget reduction of the ordering organization or the profitability of the bidders. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that determine the participation of bidders in public contracts and to present the problems and policy implications of bidders' participation in public contracts. This research distinguishes the existing sampling based research by analyzing and analyzing many contracts such as purchasing, service and facility construction of 4.35 million items in which 50,000 public institutions have been placed as national markets and 300,000 individual companies and corporations participated. As a research model, the number of announcement days, budget amount, contract method and winning bid is used as independent variables and the number of bidders is used as a dependent variable. Big data and multidimensional analysis techniques are used for survey analysis. The conclusions are as follows: First, the larger the budget amount of public works projects, the smaller the number of participants. Second, in the contract method, restricted competition has more participants than general competition. Third, the duration of bidding notice did not significantly affect the number of bidders. Fourth, in the winning bid method, the qualification examination bidding system has more bidders than the lowest bidding system.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.4 s.16
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• pp.69-79
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• 2003

About 93$\%$ of domestic teal estate construction firms registered as the end of 2001 recorded net profits of only less than 500 million won(including firms in the red) for the term. As a result of having analyzed the ratios of sales costs and the structural ratios of sales costs for the past 10 years, it was found that there have been great changes in structural ratios of sales costs. Material costs and labor costs have gradually decreased, but outsourcing costs of processing have greatly increased. In order to find activity points which are fundamental to cost control, the methods of new activity based cost management have been pursued. The characteristics of real estate construction industry lie in the fact that contract prices (sales in) are fixed and amounts of profits differ depending on the use of costs. In order to create maximum profits from fixed contract prices, the new activity based cost management has been proposed. The control of operation budgets and management costs is designed to control their schedules and expenses in different respects. Operation budgets ate executed with specific activities and management costs are controlled as a form of material costs, labor costs, out sourcing costs and expenses which are details of expenditure. In order to execute them by using the methods of new activity based cost management, first of all, we have to analyze what activity drivers ale and how much added values such activities can create. It is considered as a method of cost management which is necessary far the survival management of real estate construction industry.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.719-749
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• 2008

Using the cost-risk portfolio approach, this study suggests a fiscal budgeting model that provide a measure to allocate fiscal budget among the strategies responding to oil crisis. In addition, it calculates the appropriate fiscal distribution among policy measures for the 2000 to 2006 fiscal years. According to the empirical results, a certain amount of budget should be allocated to the option using futures markets. The strategic stockpiling option turns out be hard to be included in the policy portfolio due to its costs much higher that the other options. Oil well development option should take more than half of total budget since its expenses are assumed to be relatively low.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.288-302
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• 1998

이 글에서는 우리나라 기업들의 사회복지활동에 대한 기부행위를 분석하였다. 222개의 조사대상기업들 중 37%인 83개 기업이 기업 외부의 사회복지활동에 대해 다양한 형태로 기부행위를 하고 있었다. 일반적으로 매출액이 많은 기업이 사회복지활동에 기부하는 금액도 많았으며, 평균 기부금액의 규모는 10억4천6백만원 정도이다. 이는 조사대상 기업의 평균매출액의 0.06%에 해당한다. 기업 사회복지활동 중 가장 지적빈도가 높은 사업부문은 저소득층 청소년을 위한 장학금지급사업이었으며, 기부금의 규모면에서는 사회복지기관 지원이 가장 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 사회복지활동의 방법에 있어서는 기업이 직접 사업을 실시하는 경우가 가장 많았으며, 다음으로는 기존의 사회복지기관이나 단체를 지원하는 방식이었다. 기부금의 지급형태에 있어서는 현금지급이 가장 많았으며, 사회복지활동을 위한 재원으로는 매출액이나 순이익의 일정비율을 예산으로 편성하는 경우가 가장 많았다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.6 s.107
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

본 연구는 서울시 도시녹지를 1평을 늘리는 것에 대한 시민들의 지불의사금액(WTP)을 이단계 이선 가상가치법으로 계산함으로써 도시녹지의 경제적 가치를 평가하고, WTP에 영향을 미치는 변수들의 종류와 영향력 정도를 밝히기 위해 수행되었다. 지불도구는 기금이었으며, 'fat-tail problem'없이 WTP를 계산하기 위해 생존분석을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 서울시민들은 생활녹지 1평을 늘리는데 약 23,400원을 기부할 용의가 있었다. WTP에 영향을 주는 변수는 자연환경태도(NEP), 구조적 제한요소, 소득 및 환경보전을 위해 편리함을 양보할 의사이었다. 본 연구의 결과는 도시녹지의 개발 또는 보존과 관련된 정부의 의사결정이나 도시녹지 관련 예산 확충을 요구할 수 있는 기본 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.127-139
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• 1989

본고는 저소득층 재미유학생을 중심으로 한국가구와 중국가구의 가계재정복지 및 관리행동의 인식을 비교.검토하였다. 표본의 크기는 한국 10가구와 중국11가구였다. 재정후생 조사결과에 의하면 한국 가구는 중국 가구에 비해 자산취득 등 소비에 있어서는 더 높은 평균소득을 가졌음에도 불구하고 소득수준에 더 많은 불만을 나타내고 잇었다. 재정관리행동 조사는 중국가구가 더 즉흥적인 혹은 예산밖의 소비를 하고 있는 것을 보여주고 있다. 또한 한국 가구는 재정관리 및 소비지출을 부부중심으로 행하는 반면, 중국 가구는 남편중심으로 행하고 있었으며 중국가구가 재정관리 및 소비에 대하여 더 높은 불화를 나타내고 있었다. 더불어 한국가구는 주로 부인들이 구매하는 적은 금액의 지출에, 중국 가구는 남편들이 구매하는 큰 금액의 지출에 상대적으로 더 많은 불화를 나타내었다. 한편 한국 가구의 구매불화조정은 남편에 의해, 중국 가구의 불화조정은 부인에 의해 주로 이루어 지고 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2012.07a
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• pp.71-72
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• 2012

NFC(Near Field Communication)는 13.56Mhz를 사용하는 근거리 무선통신으로 PC, 휴대폰 등의 전자 기기간 양방향 데이터를 송수신할 수 있는 기술이다 [1]. 안드로이드를 중심으로 채택되기 시작한 NFC 기술은 스마트폰과의 연결을 통하여 새로운 다양한 비즈니스 모델을 만들어 내고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 NFC기술을 대형 마트 도메인에 적용하여 마트를 방문하는 고객이 편리하고 빠르게 장을 볼 수 있도록 도와주는 애플리케이션 개발내용에 대해 기술한다. 본 애플리케이션을 이용하여 고객은 장보기 전에 구입할 상품을 장바구니에 미리 등록할 수 있으며 예산금액을 설정할 수 있다. 고객이 마트를 방문 시 출입구에 부착되어있는 NFC 태그를 인식하여 장바구니에 등록한 상품에 관한 맞춤형 정보를 얻을 수 있고 마트 진열대의 상품에 장착된 NFC 태그를 스마트 폰으로 인식하여 장바구니에 등록된 상품과 체크하며 장보기를 실시한다. 장보기 완료 후에는 포스기에서 NFC 태그를 인식하고 결제방법을 선택하고 결제를 한다. 결제 후 상품은 포장단계에 적용되고 포장이 완료된 후 배송하게 된다. 대형마트에서는 본 시스템을 갖춤으로써 고객들이 좀 더 편리하게 쇼핑할 수 있도록 도와줄 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.3-11
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• 2019

The construction of a facility is an act whereby infrastructure such as roads and railways and other facilities such as housing and office spaces are constructed, and due to the characteristics of the relevant industry where such construction is carried out in a custom order method, it requires a long period of time mostly. While the construction is carried out over a long period of time, fluctuations in the price of raw materials required for the construction occur. Therefore, the cost of the construction also fluctuates inevitably. The fluctuation of the construction cost meshes closely with the profit of a constructor and the efficiency of government spending. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the construction cost at a reasonable level by adjusting the construction cost rationally in order to secure the required construction quality and spend the budget efficiently. The buffer system for solving such problem is the contract amount adjustment system by fluctuations in prices (Escalation/De-Escalation). In this study, the method combining the escalation method based on the item adjustment method was suggested for an efficient contract amount adjustment method. In addition, it is proposed that there be an investigation and codification of matters not applied to government acts and regulations on contracts related to the adjustment of fluctuations in prices legally.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.256-260
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• 2004

As a large portion of defence budget are alloted for military facility construction, reasonable budget estimation in the planning stage has been officers' main concerns. However the proper estimation of construction cost is difficult to be carried out due to the absence of systematic criteria. To improve the budget estimation for military facility construction, this study proposes a cost index model which can convert historical cost to current cost. Thus the developed cost index would enhance effectiveness of budget estimation process 3nd support reasonable decision making. This cost index model is developed by analyzing historical cost data with statistical methodology The study is executed by following process. First, factors which affect construction cost for the most are selected by analyzing historical cost data. second, the selected factors are categorized material cost, labor cost and equipment cost, and weights of those factors are calculated by dividing the cost of each factor by total item costs. Last, cost index is developed by using weighted average method.