• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.264-269
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• 2008

When English disyllabic words are borrowed into the Korean language, the loanwords tend to have extra syllables. The purpose of this paper is to find the syllable increase conditions in loanword adaptation and further to provide an algorithm to predict the syllable numbers of English disyllabic loanwords. There are three syllable augmentation conditions. The presence of diphthongs and the existence of consonant clusters guarantee the increase of the syllable numbers in the English loanwords. Further, the quality of the final consonant (and the preceding vowel) sometimes trigger the increase of the syllable numbers. Based on the conditions, an algorithm composed of 4 rules are proposed in order to predict the number of syllables in English disyllabic loanwords.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.251-256
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• 2005

When English monosyllabic words are adapted to the Korean language, the loanwords tend to carry extra syllables. The purpose of this paper is to find the syllable augmentation conditions in loanword adaptation and further to provide an algorithm to predict the syllable numbers of English monosylabic loanwords. Three syllable augmentation conditions are found as follows: 1) the existence of diphthong, 2) the existence of consonant clusters, and 3) the quality of the final consonant (and the preceding vowel). Based on these three conditions, an algorithm to predict the syllable number of English monosyllabic loanwords are proposed as three rules applied iteratively with ordering. In addition, the applications of the algorithm to data are given.

• MALSORI
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• no.40
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• pp.91-104
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• 2000

생성음운론의 입장에서 본 Hyman 가설을 적용할 때 영어와 한국어에 공통으로 나타나는 영어 분절음 $/p^h,{\;}t^h,{\;}k^ h/$는 한국어 화자에게서 그대로 인식되며, 영어에는 있지만 한국어에 없는 /f, v, $\theta$/는 관련 음운 규칙이 적용되어 한국어음과 유사하게 된 $[/p^h]$], [p], [s]로 각각 인식된다고 설명했다. 이와 같은 Hyman 가설의 적용은 /f, v, $\theta$/가 왜 한국어에서 존재하지 않고 관련 음운규칙이 적용된 형태로 나타나는 지에 대한 이유를 제시하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 그러나 최적성 이론에서는 입력형에서 모든 분절음을 받아들이고 언어간 제약등급의 차이로 /f, v, $\theta$/와 같은 분절음이 한국어에서 나타나지 않고 [p, t, k]로 나타난다고 설명하였다. 따라서 최적성 이론은 영어 분절음이 한국어에서 나타나는 다양한 양상을 적절히 설명할 수 있음을 보여 주고 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.157-166
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• 2020

This study is a descriptive analysis of Korean business names listed on KOSDAQ (Korea Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) from a morphological perspective. A total of 1,358 business names on KOSDAQ are collected and analyzed in terms of origins and morphological structure. The analysis exhibits the monopoly of English: only 20% of the names are composed of only Korean elements, including Sino-Chinese, while 76% of them contain some form of English elements. It is pointed out that those English elements are not borrowed from English but are created in Korea and participate further word formation processes. In terms of word formation methods, compounding and shortening are most common, taking up 90% of all names. Multiple derived forms are used from an identical origin word, and even bound forms in English are taken and used as independent words, regardless of their original status in English. It is argued that Korean English is not entirely negative and should be considered as part of World Englishes.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 2018

In this study, we suggest that Copying Theory suggested by Pym could be effective in translating games. Languages used in games are based on English because of the history of games mainly developed in America. When people are playing games, people pursue effective communication. Because of this, they transform translated words into simple forms or original foreign languages to communicate each other for effective communication, The usage of English in game translation and communication support the idea that Copying strategy could be effective in translating games.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.363-371
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• 2023

In this study, the validity of the Korean expression for tsunami will be examined and a method to use it correctly will be proposed. First, we will review the scientific definition of the tsunami and the origin of the tsunami expressed in various languages. Based on this review, after reviewing whether the Korean expression 'Jijinhaeil', which is currently used representatively in Korea, a reasonable method that can be used appropriately will be proposed. In conclusion, it is suggested that the Korean pronunciation of tsunami should be used in a uniform manner as in the case of English and other languages.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.239-244
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• 2022

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is gradually breaking down the boundary between human and machine translation. We look at actual cases of human and machine translation and discuss why machine translation needs a human touch. In this paper, we raise three driving questions: Can humans be replaced by machines?; How human translators can remain successful in a NMT-driven world?; Is it possible to eliminate language barrier in the era of NMT and World Englishes? The answers to these questions are all negative. We suggest that machine translation is a useful tool with rapidity, accuracy, and low cost productivity. However, the machine translation is limited in the areas of culture, borrowing, ambiguity, new words and (national) dialects. The machines cannot imitate the emotional and intellectual abilities of human translators since machines are based on machine learning, while humans are on intuition. The machine translation will be a useful tool that does not cause moral problems when using methods such as back translation and human post-editing. To conclude, we propose the blended approach that machine translation cannot be completed without the touch of human translation.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.125-137
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze new words in Korean and Chinese based on changes in popular culture. As China and Korea embrace increasingly close communication in recent years, their languages have influenced each other. A lot of new Korean and Chinese words have been discovered to have the same linguistic characteristics. New words are considered as new developments of a language. They are welcomed and widely used by young people in Korea and China. Therefore, in terms of the communicative function of languages, it is worthwhile to understand new words in Korean and Chinese from the perspective of academic research. This study takes Chinese words created in 2018 as the research object. Firstly, a morphological and semantic comparison of Chinese words created in 2018 and those created in 2017 is carried out to extract the characteristic indicators of Chinese words created in 2018, with emphasis on compound words, abbreviations, substitutions, patters and rhetorical expressions. Secondly, the similarities and differences of these Chinese words with Korean words created in 2018 in terms of morphology are analyzed. Finally, after conducting sample classification and comparison, the characteristics of new Chinese and Korean words and the interaction mechanism under mutual influence are concluded. According to the study, the majority of the new words are created on the basis of existing words. Thus, it is important to explore the morphology of new words as a standard language.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.44
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• pp.87-121
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• 2016

Daehoon Ham's novel 'Cheongchunbo' features a studier as the main character who majored in Russian literature and admired the culture of the Soviet Union. From his viewpoint, the novel reproduces North Korean society before and after its independence from Japan. In this regard, it shows multilayered presence related to Russian culture and Soviet Russia. Such an aspect is based on the sense of sympathy that the main character has. The sense of sympathy is originated from the main character's admiration for the exoticism of Soviet culture which was forbidden during the late Japanese occupation. After Korea's independence from Japan, Russian was replaced by English. Such change also occurred in the main character's viewpoint. He underwent a change in his integrative viewpoint on Russian and Soviet under the name of Red Army. After defecting to South Korea, he began to put Russia down as a den possessed by the devil called 'communism.' In the meantime, Russia and Soviet have been separated from each other in ideological terms. The novel 'Cheongchunbo' stresses that the decisive cause of such changes is argued over trusteeship. The main character, fascinated by the presence of exotic Soviet, predicates that Soviet is a political symbol around the national division caused by the trusteeship. His change alluded to the life path of Korean authors who translated Russian literature after independence. During the Japanese occupation, Russian literature translated into Korea was a longing for forbiddance and admiration for Russia. However, the Russia presented in Daehoon Ham's novel before and after independence implies that the romantic translation has ended.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.4
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• pp.319-349
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• 2001

In meiner Arbeit habe ich versucht zu untersuchen, welche deutschen $W\"{o}rter$ historisch in die englische Sprache entlehnt wurden und welche politischen, sozialen, wirtschaftlichen, kulturellen und $milit\"{a}rischen\;Hintergr\"{u}nde$ in der jeweiligen Zeit bei dem Entlehnungsprozess eine Rolle gespielt hatten. Durch meine Untersuchung habe ich bemerkt, dass die deutschen $W\"{o}rter$ von der Altenglischen Zeit bis jetzt $st\"{a}ndig\;Einfl\"{u}sse$ auf die englische Sprache $ausge\"{u}bt$ haben: In der Altenglischen Zeit wurde zwar nur ein paar $W\"{o}rter$ aus der christlichen Kirche aus dem Althochdeutschen ins Altenglische entlehnt, aber $allm\"{a}hlich$ wurden die deutschen $W\"{o}rter$ aus vielen verschiedenen Bereichen ins Englische entlehnt, wie z. B. aus dem des Bergbaus, der Seefahrt, der Wissenschaft, der Literatur, der Philosophie, der Musik, des Schulwesens usw. Es ist auch verstandlich, dass $ungef\"{a}hr$ bis zum 16. Jahrhundert die deutschen $Lehnw\"{o}rter$ im Englischen aus geographischen $Gr\"{u}nden$ meistens aus dem $Niederl\"{a}ndischen$ bzw. aus dem Niederdeutschen stammten. Die Zahl der deutschen $Lehnw\"{o}rter$ im Englischen erreicht im 19. Jahrhundert den $h\"{o}chsten$ Stand, weil in dieser Zeit die deutsche Wissenschaft, besonders die Naturwissenschaft, Philosophie, Literatur und Musik weltweit sehr bekannt waren. Die $Lehnw\"{o}rter$ wurden normalerweise zusammen mit kulturellen $Einfl\"{u}ssen$, oder urn eine $L\"{u}cke$ des Wortsystems der heimischen Sprache $auszuf\"{u}llen$, entlehnt. Aber ich habe bei meiner Untersuchung auch bemerkt, dass die kulturellen $Einfl\"{u}sse$ manchmal keinen Einfluss auf die Entlehnung des fremden Wortschatzes $aus\"{u}ben$ und die Entlehnung der $W\"{o}rter$ keinen Zusamenhang mit einer $L\"{u}cke$ im Wortsystem der heimischen Sprache aufweist, d. h. die $W\"{o}rter\;k\"{o}nnen$ auch entlehnt werden, obwohl die entsprechenden $W\"{o}rter$ schon in der heimischen Sprache vorhanden sind. Und manchmal wurden die $ausl\"{a}indische$ Kultur angenommen, ohne ein Wort aus diesem Bereich entlehnt zu haben. Bemerkenswert ist auch, dass die deutschen $Lehnw\"{o}rter$ im Englischen im Vergleich zu den englischen $Lehnw\"{o}rtern$ im Deutschen beziehungsweise den $franz\"{o}sischen\;Lehrw\"{o}]rtern$ im Englischen $zahienma{\ss}ig$ sehr gering sind, weil Deutschland historisch gesehen in Europa eine nicht so $gro{\ss}e$ Rolle gespielt hatte wie England bzw. Frankreich. Aber ich bin sicher, dass in Zukunft mehr deutsche $W\"{o}rter$ als bisher aus verschiedenen Bereichen ins Englische entlehnt werden, weil Deutschland nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg in der Welt wirtschaftlich sehr viel Bedeutung zukommt und besonders in der $Europ\"{a}ischen$ Union politisch, wirtschaftlich und finanziell eine sehr $gro{\ss}e$ Rolle spielt und weiter spielen wird.