• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.449-456
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• 2010

The HCCI engine is a prospective internal combustion engine with which high diesel-like efficiencies and very low NOx and particulate emissions can be achieved. However, several technical issues must be resolved before HCCI engines can be used for different applications. One of the issues concerning the HCCI engine is that the operating range of this engine is limited by the rapid pressure rise caused by the release of excessive heat. This heat release is because of the self-accelerated combustion reaction occurring in the engine and the resulting engine knock in the high-load region. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of thermal stratification and fuel stratification in reducing the pressure rise rate in an HCCI engine. The concentrations of NOx and CO in the exhaust gas are also evaluated to confirm combustion completeness and NOx emission. The computation is carried out with the help of a multizone code, by using the information on the detailed chemical kinetics and the effect of thermal and fuel stratification on the onset of ignition and rate of combustion. The engine is fueled with dimethyl ether (DME), which allows heat release to occur in two stages, as opposed to methane, which allows for heat release in a single stage.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2000

산업분야의 여러공정에서 배출되는 휘발성 유기화합물은 1차적인 작업자에 대한 유해성뿐만이 아니라 대기중에 배출시의 제 2차 오염물질의 생성 때문에 최근 들어 이러한 물질의 처리에 큰 관심이 집중되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 휘발성 유기화합물로서 프로판을 사용하여 이러한 초 희박 혼합기의 제거를 위해 재생열산화법이 제안되었다. 실험장치에는 중앙에 연소실과 전기적 열량공급장치를 장착하였다. 초 희박 혼합기의 연소실에서의 산화과정과 열사화 장치의 폐열회수 특성을 연구하기 위하여 혼합기의 농도, 유속 및 연소실 최대온도와 같은 다양한 작동조건을 고려하였다. 그 결과. 재생열산화장치가 초 희박 혼합기의 산화에 적절하게 사용될 수 있음을 알았으며 최대 96%의 제거효율 얻을 수 있었다. 산화과정중에 발생하여 배출되는 CO는 운전조건을 변화시킴으로써 그 농도를 낮출 수 있었으며 열적 NOx는 배출되지 않았다. 페열회수효율은 전 운전영역에서 높게 나타났으며 그 값이 최대 98%에 이르렀다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.394-396
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• 2008

주요 온실가스인 이산화탄소를 회수 및 저장(Carbon Capture and Storage)하는 기술은 주로 적은 $CO_2$농도를 가지는 연소후 포집공정이 개발 및 적용되었으나, 최근에는 보다 적극적으로 이산화탄소를 분리하기 위하여 연소전 석탄가스화복합발전(IGCC)과 같은 공정에 적용하여 반응공정 중에 생성되는 높은 농도의 $CO_2$를 분리하는 공정이 선진국을 중심으로 활발히 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고압의 연소전 조건에서 아민계보다 흡수속도는 느리나 생성가스에 유입되는 $O_2$, SOx, NOx에 의한 부반응 현상, 휘발에 의한 손실, 열적 열화현상이 나타나지 않는 알칼리염계 흡수제의 $CO_2$ 흡수특성에 대하여 연구하였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.686-691
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• 2015

A basic research for utilizing solid refuse fuel (SRF) based on changing SRF properties (RDF, RPF) and types (pellet, fluff) is demonstrated. Physicochemical characteristics of SRF and also changes in thermal decomposition depending on combustion time and emission gas (NOx, CO, HCl, etc) concentration were investigated for applications to waste energy sources. In conclusion, RPF is easy to pelletize, and has better combustion efficiency, higher LHV, higher thermal reduction, and short combustion time because it is composed of plastic wastes homogeneously. Also, fluff type samples have better combustion efficiency, and short combustion time because it has wider exposed surface area for combustion. It can also save energy consumption for pelletizing.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.670-678
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• 1996

The characterization of catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) was investigated to remove NOx discharge from radioactive waste incinerator. The catalyst was prepared by impregnating $V_2O_5$, $MoO_3$, and $SnO_2$ on honeycomb shaped $TiO_2$. The effects of the type of catalysts, reaction temperature, feed composition, and mole ratio of $NH_3/NO$ on the reaction characteristics were evaluated in a laboratory scale reactor. The 10% $V_2O_5/TiO_2$ catalyst showed the highest NO to $N_2$ conversion of 94.4% at $350^{\circ}C$ and the temperature range for higher conversion was broadened by adding thermally stable promoters, $MoO_3$.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.596-600
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• 2011

Thermal degradation behavior of a $WO_3-TiO_2$ monolithic catalyst was investigated in terms of structural, morphological, and physico-chemical analyses. The catalyst with 4 wt.% $WO_3$ contents were prepared by a wet-impregnation method, and a durability test of the catalysts were performed in a temperature range between $400^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$ for 3 h. An increase of thermal stress decreased the specific surface area, which was caused by grain growth and agglomeration of the catalyst particles. The phase transition from anatase to rutile occurred at around $800^{\circ}C$ and a decrease in the Brønsted acid sites was confirmed by structural analysis and physico-chemical analysis. A change in Brønsted acidity can affect to the catalytic efficiency; therefore, the thermal degradation behavior of the $WO_3-TiO_2$ catalyst could be explained by the transition to a stable rutile phase of $TiO_2$ and the decrease of specific surface area in the SCR catalyst.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.713-719
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• 2016

The NOx conversion properties of Mn-Cu-$TiO_2$ and $V_2O_5$/$TiO_2$ catalysts were studied for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with ammonia. The performance of the catalysts was investigated in terms of their $NOx$ conversion activity as a function of the reaction temperature and space velocity. The activity of the Mn-Cu-$TiO_2$ catalyst decreased with increasing reaction temperature and space velocity. However, the activity of the $V_2O_5$/$TiO_2$ catalyst increased with increasing reaction temperature. High activity of the Mn-Cu-$TiO_2$ catalyst was observed at temperatures below $200^{\circ}C$. H2-TPR and XPS analyses were conducted to explain these results. It was found that the activity of the Mn-Cu-$TiO_2$ catalyst was influenced by the thermal shock caused by the change of the initial reaction temperature, whereas the $V_2O_5$/$TiO_2$ catalyst was not affected by the initial reaction temperature. In the case of catalyst C, the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency decreased with increasing space velocity. The decrease in the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency with increasing space velocity was much less for catalyst D than for catalyst C.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.315-324
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• 2021

In this study, a vanadium catalyst study was conducted on the various characteristics of the exhaust gas in the Selective-Catalytic-Reduction (SCR) method in which nitrogen oxides emitted from cogeneration using biogas are removed by using ammonia as a reducing agent and a catalyst. V/W/TiO₂, a commercial catalyst, was used as the catalyst in this study, and the effect was confirmed according to the tungsten content under various operating conditions. As a result of the NH₃-SCR experiment, the denitrification performance was confirmed at 380 ~ 450 ℃ more than 95%, and durability to trace amounts of SO₂ was confirmed through the SO₂ durability experiment and TGA analysis. As a result of H₂-TPR analysis, the higher the tungsten content, the better the redox properties. Accordingly, enhanced oxidizing properties were confirmed in the oxidation test for a trace amount of carbon monoxide emitted from the cogeneration. In NH₃-DRIFTs analysis, it was confirmed that the higher the tungsten content, the higher both the Bronsted/Lewis acid sites and the better the thermal durability when tungsten is added to the catalyst. Based on the experiments under various operating conditions, it is considered that a catalyst with a high tungsten content is suitable to be applied to cogeneration using biogas.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.652-661
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• 2008

Reduction of NOx in emission gas, improvement of engine efficiency, and extension of warranty period has made demands for developing materials more corrosively resistant to the inner-muffler environments or predicting the lifetime of materials used in muffler more precisely. The corrosion inside muffler has been explained with condensate corrosion mainly though thermal oxidation experiences prior to condensate corrosion. Hence, the aim of this study is to describe how the thermal oxidation affects the corrosion of stainless steel exposed to the inner-muffler environments. Auger electron spectroscopy and electrochemical tests were employed to analyze oxide scale and to evaluate corrosion resistance, respectively. Thermal oxidation has different role of condensate corrosion depending on the temperature: inhibiting condensate corrosion below $380^{\circ}C$ and enhancing condensate corrosion above $380^{\circ}C$. The low temperature oxidation causes to form compact oxide layer functioning a barrier for penetrating condensate into a matrix. Although though thermal oxidation caused chromium-depleted layer between oxide layer and matrix, the enhancement of the condensate corrosion in high temperature oxidation resulted from corrosion-induced crevice formed by oxide scale rather than corrosion in chromium-depleted layer. It was proved by aids of anodic polarization tests and measurements of pitting corrosion potentials. By the study, the role of high temperature oxidation layer affecting the condensate corrosion of stainless steels used as muffler materials was well understood.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.253-254
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• 2014

지구온난화 문제는 한국가의 문제가 아니라 인류의 문제로 대두되어 많은 이에대한 많은 연구가 이루어 지고 있다. 지구온난화의 주 대상물질인 화석연료로부터 연소시 발생하는 이산화탄소를 감축하기위한 많은 규제와 노력이 요구된다. CCS(Carbon Capture & Storage)란 화석연료로 부터 연소시 대기 중으로 배출되는 온실가스($CO_2$)를 포집하여 재생 또는 지중, 해양에 저장하는 기술로서 국가녹색성장 핵심기술중의 하나로 분류되며, $CO_2$ 회수방안, 저장, 처리관련 연구를 비롯하여 국내외 적으로 활발한 연구가 이루어 지고 있다. 또한 순산소 연소기술을 통한 $CO_2$ 회수, 처리기술은 연료의 산화제를 공기대신 순도 95% 이상의 고농도 산소를 이용하여 순산소연소를 하며, 이때 발생하는 배가스의 대부분은 $CO_2$와 수증기로 구성되어 있다. 발생된 배가스의 약 70~80%를 다시 연소실로 재순환시켜 연소기의 열적 특성에 적절한 연소가 가능하도록 최적화함과 동시에 배가스의 $CO_2$ 농도를 80% 이상으로 농축시켜 회수를 용이하게 하며, 동시에 공해물질은 NOx 발생량을 10ppM 이하로 줄일 수 있는 기술이다. 천연가스를 생산하는 LNG기지에서 연소에 의한 이산화탄소를 발생시키는 기기로는 수중연소식기화기(SMV ; Submerged Combustion Vaporizer)를 들 수 있다. SMV는 버너를 이용하여 $-162^{\circ}C$ LNG를 $10^{\circ}C$의 LN로 기화시키는 설비로서 특히 동절기에 작동시키며 $CO_2$를 배출시키는 연소기다. 본 연구에서는 수중연소식 SMV에 순산소 연소방식을 적용하여 천연가스와 산소를 연소시키므로서 발생되는 $CO_2$를 LNG냉열을 이용 액체화 시켜 회수하는 연구를 수행하고 있다. 내용중에 수중연 소식 SMV에 대한 순산소 연소기를 개발하는 연구를 수행하였으며, 실제 SMV의 1/10크기, 열량기준 1/900로 모형을 제작하여 실험하였다. 연소기 노즐 은 직경 0.6mm, 배가스가 수조내에서 48개의 노즐을 제작하였다. 실험결과 일정량 이상의 $CO_2$ EGR율이 일정 값 이상이 되면 화염의 길이가 공기/NG 화염 길이와 큰 차이가 없었으며 $CO_2$ EGR율이 100%이상에서는 $CO_2$ EGR율 증가에 따른 화염길이 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았다. CO 배출 농도는 공기/NG 연소의 경우보다 높게 나타났으며, ${\lambda}$가 1.4보다 높은 조건에서는 측정되지 않았다. NOx의 배출 농도는 약 1~8ppm으로 나타났다.