• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.525-531
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• 2018

This paper proposes a bi-component dye, including the unripe fruit of Diospyros kaki THUNB and Ecklonia cava, to substitute for traditional persimmon dyeing because fabrics dyed with persimmon juice become stiffer and natural persimmon is insufficient for dyeing. This study examined the color difference and fabric stiffness depending on the ratio of Ecklonia cava for in a one-bath dye solution with Diospyros kaki THUNB and showed that 6% of Ecklonia cava in the bi-component dye was the optimum for decreasing the fabric stiffness. Based on these results, a bi-component dye constituting of 94% Diospyros kaki THUNB and 6% Ecklonia cava was prepared. The particle size was found to be smaller than both single dyes and it maintained a similar amount of Catechin to Diospyros kaki THUNB dye. Finally, cotton fabric dyed with a bi-component dye was much improved in terms of the fabric hand and the surface color was similar to that of the traditional persimmon-dyed fabric. These results could help to develop the natural persimmon dyeing industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to measure the changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and blood pressure (BP) in rats, following the intravenous injection of Schizandrae fructus water extract. The measurement was continually monitored by laser-doppler flowmeter and pressure tranducer in anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 hours to 2 hours and a half through the data acquisition system composed of MacLab and Macintosh computer. The result of this experiment was as followed. Schizandrae fructus increased the changes of rCBF in rats significantly. The rCBF of Schizandrae fructus did not change by pretreated propranolol, atropine, L-NNA and indomethacin. But the rCBF of Schizandrae fructus was increased by pretreated methylene blue. Schizandrae fructus decreased the changes of BP, significantly. The BP of Schizandrae fructus did not change by pretreated propranolol, atropine, L-NNA and indomethacin. But the BP of Schizandrae fructus was decreased by pretreated methylene blue. There results indicated that Schizandrae fructus can increase the rCBF and decrease the BP, that is related to guanylyl cyclase activity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2012

Objectives : We investigated the effects of mountain cultivated ginseng water boiled extract(MCG) on blood glucose and insulin levels, and examined whether lipid metabolism are improved by it in male db/db mice(a murine model of type 2 diabetes mellitus). Methods : 9 weeks old, male db/db mice were divided into 5 groups : C57BL/6J normal, control, MCG-250mg/kg (MCG-1), MCG-500mg/kg(MCG-2) and MCG-1000mg/kg(MCG-3). After mice were treated with MCG for 8 weeks, we measured body weight, food intake, fat weight, visceral organ weight and blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels. Results : 1. We found no difference in body weight, food intake, fat weight and visceral organ weight among the animal groups. 2. Compared with controls, MCG-treated mice had lower blood glucose level and higher blood insulin levels, the magnitude of which was prominent in MCG-2. 3. Compared with controls, MCG-treated mice had lower LDL-cholesterol and higher HDL-cholesterol levels. 4. Compared with controls, MCG-treated mice had blood triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, the magnitude of which was prominent in MCG-2. 5. Blood AST and ALT concentrations were not changed by MCG, indicating MCG do not show any toxic effects. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that MCG effectively increases blood insulin level and decreases blood glucose level, blood lipid levels, and prevents and improves diabetic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2004

This study investigated the synergy effects of hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system of rats on hypercholesterol diets. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed either a hypercholesterol diet with water or a hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine. The experimental groups consisted of the control group (CO), the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus(ES), and the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine(ESC). Eleutherococcus senticosus was extracted, made into 0.5% solution, and fed to the ES and ESC groups. A 3% carnitine diet was supplied to the ESC group. Hypercholesterol diets contained 18% beef tallow and 5% cholesterol. After 4 weeks of administering these diets, serum and liver were obtained and the level of serum lipid and the activities of GOT and GPT were measured. In addition, the level of liver lipid and TBARS and the activity of GSH-Px were measured. The results were as follows: 1) Weight gain and FER in the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine(ESC) was low significantly(P<0.05). 2) In the groups supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus(ES) and the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherocorcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine(ESC), total serum cholesterol levels were both significantly low (P<0.05,P.0.01). 3) Serum GOT activity was significantly low(P<0.05) in the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus(ES) and in the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietary carnitine(ESC). There was no difference between serum GPT activity in the control group and the groups supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus or dietary carnitine. 4) Liver triglyceride was low (P.0.05) in the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine(ESC). No difference was observed in other lipid composition, TBARS level, and GSH-px activity in liver between the control group and the experimental groups. In summary, the effects of hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system (such as weight gain, FER, total serum cholesterol and liver triglyceride) were low when Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine were supplied simultaneously.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.748-756
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity of hot water extracts of wa-song (Orostachys japonicus A. Berger) dried using hot air (HWE) and frozen (FWE). Varying levels (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/100 g) of HWE and FWE were added to soybean oil and lard. Chromaticity, anisidine value, acid value, peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value in oils were measured periodically during their storage for 28 days at $60^{\circ}C$. The chromaticity of edible oils showed a general increas with prolonged storage as well increasing levels of extracts. The anisidine value was not significantly increased during storage for 14 days, but was significantly increased after storage for 21 days in soybean oil and lard. The anisidine value of HWE on soybean oil was $12.60{\pm}0.92{\sim}13.82{\pm}0.68$ after storage for 28 days its value was lower than that of the control and buthylated hydroxy anisol (BHT). The antioxidant activity of HWE was found to be more effective than that of FWE. The acid value of HWE was significantly increased during storage from 14 to 21 days in soybean oil and from 7 to 14 days in lard. The antioxidant activity of FWE was particulary effective at the primary stage of the reaction system of lard storage. POV was highly increased during the storage periods between 7 and 14 days in soybean oil. The antioxidant activity in all the samples tested did not significantly increase after storage for 14 days, except when 0.1 g/ 100 g of FWE added to lard. TBA values of all the samples were lower than that of control and 0.02% BHT during their storage. The antioxidant activities of wa-song within the reaction system of oils were more effective in soybean oil than in lard.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2 s.70
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• pp.137-154
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• 2007

Objective : This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the GYZB hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on the Alzheimer's disease model induced by amyloid ${\beta}$ protein (${\beta}A$). Method : We measured the effects of the GYZB hot water extract on expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 mRNA and production of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ in the BV2 microglial cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effects of the GYZB hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on (1) the behavior, (2) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$, (3) glucose in serum, (4) the infarction area of the hippocampus, and brain tissue injury in mice induced with Alzheimer's diseased by ${\beta}A$ were investigated. Results : The GYZB hot water extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 mRNA and significantly suppressed the production of IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in the BV2 microglial cell line treated with LPS. The GYZB hot water extract & ultra-fine powder showed a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit of the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency and distance movement-through latency. The GYZB ultra-fine powder significantly suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ protein, and the GYZB hot water extract significantly suppressed the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ protein in the microglial cell of mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The GYZB hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced the infarction area of hippocampus in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. Conclusions : These results suggest that GYZB hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of GYZB for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-93
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• 2008

Objective : This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the CBD hot water extract & ultra-fine Powder on Alzheimer's Disease Model Induced by ${\beta}A$. Method : The effects of the CBD hot water extract on expression of interleukin-1 beta($IL-1{\beta}$), $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA and production of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS). The effects of the CBD hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on (1) the behavior (2) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor-alpha($TNF-{\alpha}$), (3) the infarction area of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with ${\beta}A$ were investigated. Result : The CBD hot water extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. The CBD hot water extract significantly suppressed the production of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ in BV2 microglial cell line treated with LPS. The CBD hot water extract & ultra-fine powder a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured step-through latency and distance movement-through latency. The CBD hot water extract & ultra-fine powder significantly suppressed the expression of $IL-l{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ protein in the microglial cell of mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The CBD hot water extract & ultra-fine powder suppressed the over-expression of AChE activity in the serum of the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The CBD hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced infarction area of hippocampus, in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. Conclusions : These results suggest that the CBD hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the CBD hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1178-1191
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• 2008

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine Powder on Alzheimer's Disease Model Induced by ${\beta}A$. The effects of the SSJHT hot water extract on expression of IL-1RA, $IL-1{\beta}$$, IL-6, IL-10, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA and production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS). The effects of the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on (1) the behavior (2) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA, CD68, CD11b and AChE (3) and the infarction area of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with ${\beta}A$ were investigated. The SSJHT hot water extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA and increased IL-1RA, IL-10 in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. The SSJHT hot water extract suppressed the production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ significantly in BV2 microglial cell line treated with LPS. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured step-through latency. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder suppressed the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$$, $L-1{\beta}$ protein significantly in the microglial cell of mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced the MDA and suppressed the over-expression of CD68, CD11b in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder significantly decreased AChE activity in the serum of the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced infarction area of hippocampus. and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The results suggest that the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the SSJHT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

Red pine (Pinus densiflora) is widely used traditional medicine, pharmacological and nutritional values from which the phytochemical compounds are derived. The present study was aimed to examine the antibacterial effects in the absence and presence of a immature red pine cone extract against 13 microorganisms. The components in the aqueous extract from immature red pine cone were identified by GC-MS. About 1.4% of total polyphenolic compound was measured in aqueous extract collected from immature red pine cone. Also, the high concentration of ${\beta}$-phellenandrene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, limonene, bornyl acetate and aldehyde was detected in total ion chromatograms. Of total 13 microorganisms, 4 microorganisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholera, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia were effectively killed by aqueous extract of immature red pine cone. The highest anti-bacterial effect was detected in P. aeruginosa, followed by V. cholera, L. monocytogenes and K. pneumonia. In case of P. aeruginosa, the largest diameter of inhibition zone was maintained to 1/2 solution treated cells and slightly decreased at 1/4 and 1/8 solution treated cells. Also, in test used V. cholera and L. monocytogenes, the inhibition zone was strongly formed in only 1 and 1/2 solution treated cells, while K. pneumonia showed the very small diameter of inhibition zone in all concentrations. Therefore, these results suggested that the aqueous extracts of immature red pine cone should be considered as a new and potentially important anti-bacterial substrate to effectively prevent the microbial infection and penetration.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.148-154
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• 2015

Onion (Allium cepa) is one of the flavonoids-rich materials in human diet and onion peel, which is the onion by-products, contains over 20 times more quercetin than the flesh. In this study, to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of onion peel hot water extract (OPHWE), the cell viability, nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interluekin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and IL-$1{\beta}$, were measured using the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells. The Balb/c mice were used for an in vivo acute toxicity test and ICR mice were used for measurement of inhibition effects of croton oil-induced mouse ear edema. As a result, NO levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The production of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$ was suppressed by 38%, 41%, and 34% respectively, compared with that of the LPS only group, without any cytotoxicity. The edema formation in the ICR mouse ear was also reduced compared to that in control. Moreover, there were no mortalities occurred in mice administered 5,000 mg/kg body weight of OPHWE. These results suggest that OPHWE has considerable anti-inflammatory activities and can be regarded as a potent candidate material to treat inflammatory diseases.