• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2015

The heat detector detects heat in the fire and is an important core element of the automatic fire alarm system used generally for every fire prevention objects. The heat detector is distinguished in spot type and spread type and in spot type, there are differential and thermistor types. These heat detectors give a great influence on the loss of people and property according to the sensitivity of response such as operation time and operation temperature in actual fire and in overseas people apply it for the development of products that can be operated in the early stage of fire including certification, quality management, and comparison standard by introducing response time index through the theory of heat balance that considers the heat loss and ventilation tests. In Korea, the response time index is introduced and used in the head of sprinkler products, but it is not applied to the heat detector at present. It is necessary to introduce the response time index that shows the sensitivity of response of the heat detector the installation standard for the heat detector that the response time index is applied should be different according to the fire weight, danger degree of fire, and shape of buildings. Through this study, it tries to help reduce lives and property of people through the swift warning by installing detectors suitable for the building structure.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.51-57
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• 1996

반응시간지수(Response Rime Index : RTI)를 사용하여 스프링클러의 열응답(thermal response) 특성을 분류할 수 있다. 반응시간지수는 plunge test에서 균일한 고온의 공기속도의 제곱근과 스프링클러 열감지부의 시정수(time constant)의 곱으로 나타낼 수 있다. 고온의 주위 공기온도에서 스프링클러가 작동하는 시간을 측정하므로서 열감지부의 시정수를 계산할 수 있다. 스프링클러의 RTI가 시정수에 비하여 실험조건에 따른 변화 폭이 적으므로 실제 화재시의 스프링클러 자동시간을 예측하는데에는 RTI가 사용된다. 스프링클러의 작동시간 예측을 위해서는 RTI값과 스프링클러 열감지부 주위의 유속이 필요하며, 유속은 화재의 발열량과 스프링클러가 설치된 구획의 높이로부터 실험식으로 결정된다. 따라서 Plunge test를 이용하여 얻은 스프링클러 열감지부의 기본자료로부터 실화재시의 스프링클러 작동시간을 예측하게 되며, ZONE 모델과 같은 화재 simulation 프로그램과 같이 사용된다면 스프링클러 작동시의 연층의 높이도 예측 가능하게 된다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.441-452
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• 2012

Recently, various researches have been attempted to effectively display pseudo-aural senses to the hearing-impaired or the deaf, using vibro-tactile stimulus as well as visual sense. Particularly, it is reported that as complementary senses to support the visual sense, tactile senses displayed by either speakers or vibration motors improve the reality sense significantly but do not nearly improve the emotional sense. Thus, in this study, the thermal sense is selected as another complementary sense to support the pseudo-aural sense display and it is investigated whether the thermal sense could generate a pseudo-aural sense or not. For this purpose, a thermal display module which could effectively display the desired thermal sense is implemented. Then, experiments have been conducted to subjects, which provide them with various types of stimuli combined with the aural, the vibrotactile, and the thermal stimuli along with the visual information. It can be confirmed, through statistical analysis on the data collected from experiments, that subjects could feel a pseudo-thermal sense closer to the real thermal sense which the normal subject feel from both the visual and the aural information, particularly either i) with the thermal stimulus along with the visual information or ii) with both the thermal and the vibrotactile stimuli along with the visual information than only with the visual information. Conclusively, it can be confirmed that the thermal stimulus applied to the skin of the subjects could play a role of effectively displaying pseudo-aural sense related to the thermal sense, as an complementary media for the pseudo-aural display.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.598-608
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• 2014

The first operation of alarm system starts at a detector. And the largest effect is produced on the operation of detector by the fire source position and installation position. Nevertheless, the Korean standard for the installation of detector only specifies matters of fire detector installation according to area and height, without consideration of installation position and fire source position. Therefore, this study carried out a fire test in consideration of detector installation position and fire source position (5 places) in order to minimize casualties owing to the fast operation of fire detector when a fire occurred. Considering that it took the longest time for a detector close to a wall to work in the results of this test, it was possible to find that a minimum clearance to the wall was required.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 1997

The purpose of this paper is to analyze thermal sensation which is measured bv human physioclimatic reactions in Korea. Human physiological reactions to temperature and relative humidity are analyzed to produce a nomogram from which average human reactions to the climatic factors can be deduced. Thermal - indices for each regular stations in both South (1961-1990) and North Korea(1973-1994) are calculated based on monthly meteorological data. A generalized annual physioclimatic maps for each Annual Cumulative Thermal Index for the 52 stations are constructed to show how men tend to feel in various areas. Resuts of this study can be applied for evaluation of thermal environment in our daily activities, and for searching relevant sports training-sites.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.311-323
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• 1987

생쥐의 섬 유아세포(MEP)와 종양세포(SCK)를 이용하여 정상세포와 종양세포 사이에 열 감수성의 차이가 있는지의 여부 및 환경의 pH가 이 세포들의 열감수성과 heat shock protein(HSP) 합성에 미치는 영향을 생존곡선과 HSP합성 kinetics등을 써서 검토하였다. MEF와 SCK 세포를 정상 pH(7.4) 또는 산성 pH(6.7)에서 42"C에서 2시간 온열처리 후 3일간에 걸쳐 생존을을 비교해 븐 결과, ME선와 SCK세포 사이에 생득적 열강수성의 차이는 없었고 산성 P광에서는 세포의 종류에 관계없이 열감수성 이 증감되었다. 온열처리의 결과 유도되는 내일성이 conditioning Leat의 크기와 어떤 관계가 있는지를 보기 위해서 45"C에서 5분 또는 20분을 주어본 결과 체은 conditioning heat를 주었을 때 내일성이 신속히 그리고 높은 수준으로 발생하였고, 이러한 열 감수성의 kinetics는 HSP의 합성 kinetics와 잘 일치하였다. 단백질, 특히 HSP 합성에 미치는 PH의 영 향을 알아보기 위해서 46"C에서 6분간의 heat shock를 주어 본 바 전반적인 단백질 및 major HSP의 합성양상에는 별로 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 SCK 세포에 43"C에서 30분의 온열처리를 주고 새로 합성되는 HSPSP의 kinetics를 검토해 본 결과 정상 P반에서는 0-5시간에 합성이 일어나나 산성 PH에서는 3-9시간에 합성이 일어나서 몇시간의 합성지연이 관찰되었다. 아울러 HSP68, HSPTC, HSP87을 Peptidemapping하여 본 결과 HSP68과 HSP70 은 유사한 peptide fragment pattern을 보여 amino acid sequence는 유사하고 기능도 같을 것으로 추론되었으나 HSP87은 전혀 다른 pattern을 보였다. 전혀 다른 pattern을 보였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.178-183
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• 2002

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.26-30
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• 2003

This paper presents a study on the analysis for false alarm of heat detector using HRR(Heat Release Rate). And it is represented to threshold value and domain of false alarm. The HRR threshold value of false alarm is calculated to use parameters obtained by small scale fire-experiment. The experiment is conducted to measure detector activation time and flame spread of wood cribs fire, etc. The results show that HRR threshold value of Fixed type detector is 20.24 kW and rate of rise type detector is 13.59 kW, respectively.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1993

Fixed temperature heat detectors that respond to the heat generated in fire plume and alarm when the temperature reaches a specified point, give a great influences to the loss of life and property according to their reaction sensitivity. In this study, hot wind tunnel tests and compartment fire experiments were performed to investigate the response time and temperature of fixed temperature heat detector. As a result, simple equations were derived which can be predicted the response time and temperature of the fixed temperature heat detector for the ramp type fire. Also other useful data, such as the effective temperature, time constant, response time index(RTI) were obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.163-164
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• 2013