• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2000

The facade in the street is a unfixed type, thus it is not easy to investigate the characteristic of structures. In addition, a color mainly depends on sensitivity, therefore, it is very difficult to provide the solution of the problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between a form of the facade and a color, and to introduce the methodology and the direction of the color scheme for the facade in the street. for the purpose of this study, 47 facades are empirically analyzed. Based upon the results of research analysis, this study try to find out the relationship among the formative continuity of the facade in the street, a color, and the quality of the material. From the results, it suggests the new direction for the image formation of the facade in the street centering around a color. This study concludes that the characteristics of the facade in the street is discontinuous, and the color scheme is not based on the formative continuity. Moreover, the whole street is composed of each strong individual character. In order to harmonious creation of the facade in the street, primary colors and painting colors should be constrained. Finally, the color scheme based on the formative continuity of the facade in the street should be carefully considered.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-98
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• 2005

Exploring distributional patterns of multivariate data is very essential in understanding the characteristics of given data set, as well as in building plausible models for the data. For that purpose, low-dimensional visualization methods have been developed by many researchers along various directions. As one of methods, Kohonen's SOM (Self-Organizing Map) is prominent. SOM compresses the volume of the data, yields abstraction from the data and offers visual display on low-dimensional grids. Although it is proven quite effective, it has one undesirable property: SOM's display is discrete. In this study, we propose two techniques for enhancing quality of SOM's display, so that SOM's display becomes continuous. The proposed methods are demonstrated in two numerical examples.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.590-595
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• 2016

In this study, we propose an efficient method for monitoring continuous top-k queries. In contrast to the conventional top-k queries, the presented top-k query considers both spatial and non-spatial attributes. We proposed a novel main-memory based grid access method, called Bit-Vector Grid Index (BVGI). The proposed method quickly identifies whether the moving objects are included in some of the grid cell by encoding a non-spatial attribute value of the moving object to bit-vector. Experimental simulations demonstrate that the proposed method is several times faster than the previous method and uses considerably less memory.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.19-42
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• 1995

1980년대 후기부터 교통정책의 우선 목표는 지역경제성장 자체가 교통문제를 스스로 해결할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 종래의 관리 중시의 정책은 다시 토지이용 정책으로 변화를 초래하엿다. 오늘날 대도시는 개개 졍제활동 주체들의 동적인 경제 행태에근거하여 분산구조를 띠고 있다. 이러한 동적인 경제행태에 미치는 요소들은 교통체계와 토지이용과 상호연관성의 연구에 필수적인 지가, 인구분포, 통행행태등이다. 그러나 전통적인 단핵도시 모형은 대도시의 분산구조형태의 동적인 과정을 설명하는데는 한계가 있다. 본 연구는 대도시의 변천과정을-도심 및 부심의 출현·소멸현상-설명함으로써 도시교통정책 필수적인 입지와 통행패턴에 대한 새로운 동태적 이론의 기초를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 지역경제 성장과 도시공간구조와의 동태적관계를 통합하는 토지이용과 교통의 연속 모형을 개발·응용하였다. 개발된 모형에서는 교통량에 따른 교통비용, 도시공간구조로 인한 외부효과들, 경제활동주체들의 비동질성, 이주비용, 그리고 집적 이익등이 매기마다 내생적으로 결정되어 대도시의 공간구조 변화를 설명한다. 경제 호라동주체들간의 ? 호물리적 교류는 소득 증대에 의하여 경제구조가 변함에 따라 새로이 결정된다. 가상적 도시와 자료를 가지고 실험한 결과 비동질적인 경제주체들의 불균형적 성장이 장기적으로 도시구조에 영향을 미치며, 기본적인 경제행위에 따라 장기동태적인 과정을 통하여나타나는 도시의 분산구조형태의 중요성을 보여주고 있다. 또한 교통비용의 변화에 따른 민감도분석을 통하여 모형의 실용성을 검정하였다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.1035-1045
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• 2004

In this paper, we describe a method that can recognize gestures and evaluate the degree of the gestures from sequential gesture images by using Gesture Feature Space. The previous popular methods based on HMM and neural network have difficulties in recognizing the degree of gesture even though it can classify gesture into some kinds. However, our proposed method can recognize not only posture but also the degree information of the gestures, such as speed and magnitude by calculating distance among the position vectors substituting input and model images in parametric eigenspace. This method which can be applied in various applications such as intelligent interface systems and surveillance systems is a simple and robust recognition algorithm.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.727-745
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• 2017

This study investigated the Aristotle's continuity and the historical development of continuity of function to explore the differences between the concepts of mathematics and students' thinking about continuity of functions. Aristotle, who sought the essence of continuity, characterized continuity as an 'indivisible unit as a whole.' Before the nineteenth century, mathematicians considered the continuity of functions based on space, and after the arithmetization of nineteenth century modern ${\epsilon}-{\delta}$ definition appeared. Some scholars thought the process was revolutionary. Students tended to think of the continuity of functions similar to that of Aristotle and mathematicians before the arithmetization, and it is inappropriate to regard students' conceptions simply as errors. This study on the continuity of functions examined that some conceptions which have been perceived as misconceptions of students could be viewed as paradigmatic thoughts rather than as errors.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2021

For the construction of a large underground space with a complex plant installed, it is necessary to analyze the stability considering the ground conditions and various load conditions. In this paper, finite element analysis was performed to analyze the support load that can be used in the design of a large underground space for high-density arrangement of complex plant. An analysis of underground continuous wall (D-wall) was performed considering the load and horizontal earth pressure in the large underground space. In addition, foundation ground analysis was carried out according to the load condition of the complex plant. In order to shorten the construction period, increase the space layout utilization, and secure the stability of the plant structure when installing the complex plant underground, the pipe rack module structure analysis was conducted. This study proposes a design and construction method for the optimal arrangement of underground complex plants using the analysis results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.5-5
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• 2015

현재 우리나라에서 지상관측장비인 AWS(Automatic Weather System)와 ASOS(Automated Synoptic Observing System)기구가 한반도내 668개 지점에서 운영되고 있다. 이러한 장비는 지상관측장비로 하나의 지점에서 측정된 기상변량들이 특정 영역의 대푯값으로 사용되어지고 있다. 기존의 다양한 지점 단위의 수문 모형에서는 지상관측소를 통한 관측값을 적용하기에 어려움 없이 적절한 결과를 도출할 수 있었다. 컴퓨터의 발달로 인하여 복잡한 물리적 현상을 공간적으로 분석할 수 있는 모형의 구동이 가능해짐에 따라서 수문 분야에서도 다양한 분포형 해석 모형이 활발하게 개발 및 적용되고 있다. 지점 관측 자료는 공간적인 연속성을 반영하지 못하는 한계로 인하여 지점 관측자료를 이용한 공간자료의 생성 기법들이 사용되어지고 있지만 자연계에서 나타나는 정확한 공간적 현상을 재현해주지 못하는 문제점이 존재한다. 이러한 지점 관측의 한계를 해결하기 위하여 공간적인 관측이 가능한 레이더와 위성관측과 같은 원격 관측 장비들이 개발되어 공간적으로 연속성을 갖는 기상변량의 취득이 가능하여졌다. TRMM 강우자료는 지구 전체를 0.25도 약 25km 공간해상도를 갖으며 3시간 간격으로 제공되고 있다. 유역단위의 수문모형에 적용하기에 TRMM 강수자료의 공간해상도는 너무 커서 직접적인 적용에 어려움이 있다. 이러한 점에서 TRMM 자료의 상세화 기법을 통하여 수문모형에 적용이 가능한 1km 이하의 고해상도 자료를 생산하는 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 이러한 상세화 방법은 최종적으로 도출하고자 하는 공간해상도를 갖는 대체 변량(지표면 온도, 고도, 식생, 해수면 기압, 상대 습도, 대기온도, 풍향 등)을 이용하여 회귀분석의 형태로 분석이 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 대체 변량을 통해 도출된 상세화된 TRMM 강우는 간접적인 추정으로 인하여 정확한 결과의 도출에는 한계가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구에서는 한반도내 지상 관측값을 공간적 자료로 변환하여 주는데 효과적으로 평가받는 PRISM 모형에 적용하여 기존 SVM 모형을 통한 TRMM 상세화 결과가 갖는 정확성을 평가해 보고 지점 관측자료의 보간 기법의 평가에 TRMM 자료를 활용하는 방안에 대해 평가해 보고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.321-336
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• 2012

The shear behavior at the particle/surface interface such as rock joint can determine the mechanical behavior of whole structure. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms governing its behavior and accurately estimation of the interface strength is essential. In this paper, PFC, a numerical analysis program of discrete element method was used to investigate the effects of the surface roughness crushing on interface strength. The surface roughness was characterized by smooth, intermediate, and rough surface, respectively. Particle shape was classified into one ball model of circular shape and 3 ball model of triangular shape. The surface shape was modelled by wall model of non-crushing surface and ball model of crushing surface. The results showed that as the bonding strength of ball model decreases, lower interface strength is induced. After the surface roughness crushing was occurred, the interface strength tended to converge and higher bonding strength induced lower surface roughness crushing. Higher friction angle was induced in wall model and higher surface roughness induced the higher friction angle. From these findings, it is verified that the surface roughness and surface roughness crushing effect on the particle/surface interface shear behavior.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2008

Assessing for flora distribution is necessary for land management and environmental research in reclaimed lands. This study was conducted to find out the relationship between vegetation distribution and soil salinity on three reclaimed tidal flats of Kyonggi-bay in the mid-west coast of Korea. We investigated the soil salinity and identified the vegetation at the continuum distribution spots, and describe the characteristics of continuum distribution. On the reclaimed tidal flats, spatial variation of vegetation formed partially, however as the result for connection of each spatial variation along with the soil salinity, continuum distribution formed and it was overlapped edaphic gradient with vegetation distribution, it means that the continuum distribution correspond with soil salinity gradient, as the evidence high salt tolerance species occurred at high saline spots, non salt tolerance species occurred at low saline spots. On the aged reclaimed tidal flats, continuum type was various and also clearly distinguished but it was not clear on the early stage of reclamation. The continuum distribution distinguished sequential and non-sequential type. Sequential type started from high saline zone and connected to low saline zone gradually, on this type, vegetation changed from pioneer halophyte to facultative halophyte and glycophyte along with the salinity gradient. Non-sequential type formed by non-sequential change of soil salinity, on this type, vegetation distribution was non-regular form because it has not changed gradually. In the aged reclaimed land, vegetation wilted zone existed with high salinity, and continuum distribution started from this zone with bare patch.