• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2015

The needs for ecological engineering, which can design ecosystems that integrate human society and their natural environment for the benefit of both, has increased. The Korean Society of Ecology and Infrastructure Engineering (KSEIE) was established for this purpose and has contributed to the research and development of theories and technologies in related fields. However, the current state of educational services and contents of ecological engineering is still needed to be standardized and systematized. In this paper, we outlined the trends of ecological engineering education at international and domestic levels and proposed a sample services and curriculum, brought from the discussions and suggestions made during the forum, Founding the Education for Ecological Engineering, held by the KSEIE. Education of ecological engineering can nurture people who can design and manage ecosystems for the benefits of human and natural society and can restore ecosystems disturbed artificially. The services and curriculum have to meet and cover the challenges facing the future of ecological engineering; a. the ethical interpretation of the balance between human and nature, b. developing and strengthening its relationship with other scientific disciplines and societies - business, policy, education, and practitioners, c. identify and fuse the key ecological engineering principles into other discipline. We proposed a three layers curriculum system, basic (mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, etc.), core (ecology, hydrology, engineering, etc.), and advanced subjects. The first two can belong to an undergraduate program and the last two can be put into graduate program. The selection of subjects is according to the purpose and needs of the major.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.3-16
• /
• 2018

The emergence of the fourth industrial revolution is rapidly changing the conventional society and the industry, eroding the boundaries among the technology, culture, and finance. In the mobility industry, as the engineering-based industry converges with the information technology, the mobile space is changing from mobility or safety-centric space into space where the passengers can consume infotainment or contents services. The contents evaluation of the future mobility is conducted in terms of usability or technology acceptance aspect, but according to the trend analysis, the mobility industries, such as vehicle OEMs, it is necessary to evaluate the emotional or sensibility factors for the development of their future mobile space design. Herein, this research study evaluates which sensibility factor should be evaluated in priority to develop the contents interaction in the future mobile space. Thus, using Patrick Jordan's Four Pleasure Model, the priority evaluation has been conducted among 116 Korean drivers. As a result of the statistical analysis and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), it has been found that first, it is necessary to evaluate psychological, ideological, social and physical sensibility in the respective order, and second, it is necessary to evaluate based on the contents user type.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.105-111
• /
• 2015

According to Korea Social Trends 2012 report presented in National Statistical Office, based on 2010, single-person household out of all households in Korea ratio is 23.9%, not only this ratio is beyond a family of four's ratio (22.5%) but also overtake couple-person household. Last year, according to financial industry and National Statistical Office, Korea's single-person household is estimated 4 million Five hundred and thirty thousand nine thousand family (25.3%). this mean is Korea's One of four household furniture is single-person household. Furthermore. According to National Statistical Office's report 'Future household projections 2010~2035 Report', In 2035, Korea's single-person household is assumed to increase by 34.3%. Korea's causes an increase of single-person household causes an increase is reduced marriage, increase in divorce, low fertility, increasing older singles etc. also Around the World as well as Korea single person household is increase. Based on 2011, single-person household is reached at 2 hundred million 42 million furniture (This ratio is 13%), China and U.S.A's single-person household ratio close in upon 30%. Sweden and Norway, the Philippines, Denmark is also approximately 40% of all households. Up to now, Not reached at OECD average, but this is increasing at a very fast pace. and then It will overtake this ratio. so government, regarding single-person household upsurge, try to find definitive solution. Appeared to statistics through the data, this find out the single-person household characteristics. Using association rule, the association between consumption trend and single-person.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.87-98
• /
• 2018

Phosphorus (P) is an essential and irreplaceable element for all living organisms, and it is widely used as a fertilizer. Unfortunately, it is estimated that phosphate reservoir is depleted within about 100 years. Sewage sludge ash (SSA) is an alternative resource for P recovery because of its high P content. However, SSA cannot be directly used as a fertilizer due to heavy metals in it and low P bioavailability. Thermochemical treatment with Cl donor is known to reduce heavy metal contents and increase P bioavailability of SSA. Literature review on thermochemical technologies of SSA for the reduction of heavy metals and bioavailability enhancement has been carried out to estimate the status of current P recovery technology and to develop strategic future research plan for P recovery. The review showed that $CaCl_2$ and $MgCl_2$ were the most effective Cl donors and reaction temperature (< $1000^{\circ}C$) was the critical operation condition for the reduction. The removal efficiency depends on the species of heavy metals. Thermochemical technology of SSA for P recovery showed the possibility of commercial application in the near future to overcome the coming crisis of human sustainability by P depletion, but it needs cost effectiveness and more ecofriendly process to reduce energy consumption.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.121-132
• /
• 2017

The increase of greenhouse gases and the concern of global warming instigate the development and spread of renewable energy and hydrogen is considered one of the clean energy sources. Hydrogen is one of the most elements in the earth and exist in the form of fossil fuel, biomass and water. In order to use hydrogen for a clean energy source, the hydrogen production method should be eco-friendly and economic as well. There are two different hydrogen production methods: conventional thermal method using fossil fuel and renewable method using biomass and water. Steam reforming, autothermal reforming, partial oxidation, and gasification (using solid fuel) have been considered for hydrogen production from fossil fuel. When using fossil fuel, carbon dioxide should be separated from hydrogen and captured to be accepted as a clean energy. The amount of hydrogen from biomass is insignificant. In order to occupy noticeable portion in hydrogen industries, biomass conversion, especially, biological method should be sufficiently improved in a process efficiency and a microorganism cultivation. Electrolysis is a mature technology and hydrogen from water is considered the most eco-friendly method in terms of clean energy when the electric power is from renewable sources such as photovoltaic cell, solar heat, and wind power etc.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.47-67
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to assess the usefulness of thermography in patients with musculoskeletal disease. Thermography is noninvasive, easy to reading, objective and physiologic instrument by measuring and imaging infrared energy emitted from skin surface. Thermography can show the skin temperature changes in various conditions of the body with musculoskeletal disease. This literature review was done for the usefulness of thermography in diagnosing musculoskeletal disease. In conclusion, thermography was adapted in radiculopathy, MPS, peripheral neuropathy, RSD, Raynaud's phenomen, TMJ dysfunction, etc. It was useful as a secondary diagnostic method in those diseases, also possible as a primary diagnostic method in RSD, Raynaud's phenomen. And, it might be reliable tool for estimating disease procedure and consequence after treatment. But, the objectivity of the reading and the development of the operating method are required for further adaptation in musculoskeletal disease.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.89 no.3
• /
• pp.368-377
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to examine the recent developments in timber certification schemes at global level such as FSC certification and ISO 14001 system and to analyze their potential impacts on the Korean forest products trade. Data and information on standards and procedure of timber certification and certified forest lands were collected from relevant papers, statistics and reports published by regional and international organizations. In order to analyze the impacts on the Korean forest products trade, questionnaire survey to the affected parties was conducted on acknowledge of key words relating to environment and trade and on the additional amount of willingness to pay for a labeled timber from environmentally sound and sustainably managed forests. Quantities of certified timbers supplied would continue to increase due to lots of timber certification schemes developed and implemented at national, regional and global levels and growing interests in certification from many countries. Demand for certified timbers, however, is far from clear at this stage. The deciding factor would be consumer reaction to the certified products. In the short run, the timber certification would have a little impacts on forest products imports into Korean markets since domestic purchasers do not have much interests in environment related trade measures and their willingness to pay price premiums for certified timbers is not high. However, it could be expected that timber certification has negative impacts on exports of forest products, such as flooring and plywood, to developed European markets where timber certification is used as a trade barrier.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.265-288
• /
• 2020

Public sports facilities, which have increased in number due to continued government attention and investment, are used by a large number of residents in the province. However, the safety management in some facilities is limited due to being carried out with reference to safety management standard manuals as a mere formality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the current safety management status of public sports facilities in Gangwon and to seek out a policy direction that can be used safely by provincial residents. To this end. the study made a comprehensive review of central government and Gangwon government policy trends in sports facility safety management in Gangwon along with actual cases, from which it made the following suggestions for policy directions. First, it proposed the designation and operation of specialized institutions using locally established development and municipal companeie,. universities and cooperatives. and the training and fostering of safety managers for sports facilities. Secod, it proposed the establishment of a foundation to promote a sport facility safety culture such as designation of and commendation for excellent facility safety management on the provincial level. holding case presentations on safety and responsiveness. sports safety experience plazas, sports safety classes, and cartoons for public relations. Third, it proposed setting the foundation for a safety management system that takes into account the greater quantity of leisure sports facilities compared to other cities and provinces. Fourth, it proposed the establishment of an institutional basis to establish support ordinance for sports facility safety management that meets the local conditions in Gangwon. Fifth, it proposed safety management measures for sports facilities at the central government level in parallel with a basic plan for sports facility safety management tailored to Gangwon that matches the conditions on the ground in the region.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.411-426
• /
• 2022

Energy plays a significant role in modern lifestyle because of our extensive reliance over energy-operating devices. Therefore, there is a need for alternative and green energy resources that can fulfill the energy demand. For this, fuel cell (FCs) especially anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have gained tremendous attention over the other (FCs) due to their fast reaction kinetics without using noble catalyst and allow to use of cheaper polymers with high performance. But lack of highly conductive, chemically, and mechanically stable anion exchange membrane (AEM) still main obstacle to the development of high performance AEMFCs. Therefore, graphene-based polymer composite membranes came into the existence as AEMs for the FCs. The exceptional properties of the graphene help to improve the performance of AEMs. Still, there are lot of challenges in the graphene derivatives based AEMs because of their high tendency of agglomeration in polymer matrix which reduced their potential. To overcome this issue surface modification of graphene derivatives is necessary to restrict their agglomeration and conserved their potential features that can help to improve the performance of AEM. Therefore, this review focus on the surface modification of graphene derivatives and their role in the fabrication of AEMs for the FCs.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2023

Hydrogen has been gaining a lot of attention as a possible clean energy source that can aid in reaching carbon neutrality. Currently, hydrogen production has relied on the steam reforming of fossil fuels. However, due to the carbon dioxide emissions caused by this process, hydrogen production based on the steam reforming of bio-oil derived from biomass has been proposed as an alternative approach. In order to use this alternative approach efficiently, one of the key issues that must be overcome is that the complexity of bio-oil, which has a large molecular weight and diverse functional groups of hydrocarbons, promotes the catalytic deactivation of nickel-based catalysts. In this review, research efforts to improve nickel-based catalysts for the steam reforming of bio-oil have been discussed in terms of the active phase, support, and promoters. The active phases are involved in activating C-C and C-H bonds of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons, and noble and transition metals can be utilized. In terms of the support and promoters, the catalytic deactivation of Ni-based catalysts can be inhibited by utilizing reactive lattice oxygen for support or by suppressing the acidity. The development of active and stable Ni-based reforming catalysts plays a critical role in clean hydrogen production based on bio-oils.