• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2010

In this study, the prediction errors of various spatial interpolation methods used to model values at unmeasured locations was compared and the accuracy of these predictions was evaluated. The root mean square (RMS) was calculated by processing different parameters associated with spatial interpolation by using techniques such as inverse distance weighting, kriging, local polynomial interpolation and radial basis function to known elevation data of the east coastal area under the same condition. As a result, a circular model of simple kriging reached the smallest RMS value. Prediction map using the multiquadric method of a radial basis function was coincident with the spatial distribution obtained by constructing a triangulated irregular network of the study area through the raster mathematics. In addition, better interpolation results can be obtained by setting the optimal power value provided under the selected condition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2013

The flow stress of zircaloy-4 used in the spacer grid supporting a nuclear fuel rod was determined by the Johnson-Cook model, and model parameters were determined using reverse engineering. Parameters such as A, B, n and $\dot{\varepsilon}_0$ were determined by the tensile test result. To obtain the parameters C and m, a slot milling test and numerical simulation were performed. The objective functions were defined as the difference between the experimental and the simulation results, and then, the parameters were determined by minimizing the objective function. To verify the validity of the determined parameters, cross-verification for each case was conducted through a shearing test and simulation. The results tend to show agreement with the experimental results, such as the features of sheared edges and maximum punch force, with the correlation coefficients exceeding at least 0.97.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Feistel and SPN are the two main structures in a block cipher. Feistel is a symmetric structure which has the same structure in encryption and decryption, but SPN is not a symmetric structure. In this paper, we propose a SPN which has a symmetric structure in encryption and decryption. The whole operations of proposed algorithm are composed of the even numbers of N rounds where the first half of them, 1 to N/2 round, applies a right function and the last half of them, (N+1)/2 to N round, employs an inverse function. And a symmetry layer is located in between the right function layer and the inverse function layer. In this paper, AES encryption and decryption function are selected for the right function and the inverse function, respectively. The symmetric layer is composed with simple matrix and round key addition. Due to the simplicity of the symmetric SPN structure in hardware implementation, the proposed modified AES is believed to construct a safe and efficient cipher in Smart Card and RFID environments where electronic chips are built in.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.98-98
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• 2021

동역학파 기반 순간단위도 (Dynamic wave-based Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph)를 이용하여 유역에서의 강우에 의한 유출을 예측하는 기법을 개발하였으며, 국내 실제 자연 유역에 적용하여 기법의 타당성과 적용성을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 '동역학파 기반 순간단위도 방법'은 물리기반 수치모형인 동역학파 강우유출모형과 개념적 순간단위도 방법을 결합하여 사용함으로써 물리적으로 정확하면서도 빠르고 안정적으로 강우-유출을 예측하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 유역의 순간단위도는 유역의 지형, 조도계수와 동역학파 강우유출모형인 tRIBS-OFM을 이용하여 계산된 S-수문곡선을 수치적으로 미분함으로써 유도되며, 유도된 순간단위도는 강우강도에 따라 변화하므로 회선적분을 통한 유출수문곡선 예측 시 강우-유출 관계의 비선형성을 고려할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 유도된 순간단위도의 첨두 값과 첨두 발생시간은 강우강도 값과 각각 양과 음의 상관관계를 가졌으며 강우강도 값과 멱 함수 (power function)의 관계를 가졌다. 이는 Paik and Kumar (2004) 등 기존 연구들에서 밝힌 순간단위도의 특성과 일치하였으며, 본 연구에서는 더 나아가 멱함수의 지수를 산정한 후 임의의 강우강도 값에 대응하는 순간단위도를 멱함수 관계를 이용하여 보간할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 실제 유역에 대한 적용은 강원도 인제군에 위치한 내린천 유역을 대상으로 수행하였다. 유역을 여러 개의 소유역으로 분할하여 강우의 공간적 분포를 고려하였으며, 각 소유역에서의 유출량을 동역학파 기반 순간단위도를 이용해 계산한 뒤 물리기반의 하도추적모형을 이용하여 전체 유역에서의 유출수문곡선을 예측했다. 예측된 유출수문곡선을 관측 유출 자료와 비교해본 결과 NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient)가 0.6 이상으로 측정되어 적절히 유출을 예측한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.603-611
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• 2001

This paper proposes a novel fast layer-by-layer algorithm that has better generalization capability. In the proposed algorithm, the weights of the hidden layer are updated by the target vector of the hidden layer obtained by least squares method. The proposed algorithm improves the learning speed that can occur due to the small magnitude of the gradient vector in the hidden layer. This algorithm was tested in a handwritten digits recognition problem. The learning speed of the proposed algorithm was faster than those of error back propagation algorithm and modified error function algorithm, and similar to those of Ooyen's method and layer-by-layer algorithm. Moreover, the simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm had the best generalization capability among them regardless of the number of hidden nodes. The proposed algorithm has the advantages of the learning speed of layer-by-layer algorithm and the generalization capability of error back propagation algorithm and modified error function algorithm.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2013

In order to prevent tampering and reverse engineering of executive code, this paper propose a new tamper resistant software mechanism. This paper presents a cryptographic MAC function and a relationship which has its security level derived by the importance of code block instead of by merely getting the encryption and decryption key from the previous block. In this paper, we propose a cryptographic MAC function which generates a dynamic MAC function key instead of the hash function as written in many other papers. In addition, we also propose a relationships having high, medium and low security levels. If any block is determined to have a high security level then that block will be encrypted by the key generated by the related medium security level block. The low security block will be untouched due to efficiency considerations. The MAC function having this dynamic key and block relationship will make analyzing executive code more difficult.

• School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.457-478
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate middle school students' understanding and development of function graphs. We collected the data from the teaching experiment with two middle school students who had not yet received instruction on linear function in school. The students participated in a 15-day teaching experiment(Steffe, & Thompson, 2000). Each teaching episode lasted one or two hours. The students initially focused on numerical values rather than the overall relationship between the variables in functional situations. This study described meaning, role of and students' responses for the given tasks, which revealed the students' understanding and development of function graphs. Especially we analyzed students' responses based on their methods to solve the tasks, reasoning that derived from those methods, and their solutions. The results indicate that their continuous reasoning played a significant role in their understanding of function graphs.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2021

It takes a long period to conduct the test on soil water retention curve (SWRC) in unsaturated soils. To improve such a problem, the high air entry disk has been replaced by micro-membrane. After the soil water retention test, the results by the micro-membrane were compared with those by the ceramic disk. Multiple samples in 5 regions were used to validate that SWRCs by micro-membrane are equivalent to those by ceramic disk. Therefore, a quick procedure based on micro-membrane has been developed, which makes it available to acquire much soil water retention data. The data of SWRCs were obtained for total 29 samples using ceramic disk or micro-membrane. For Korean weathered soils, the unsaturated hydraulic characteristics are sorted by three groups. Based on van Genuchten model, the group is divided by the parameter n, and the value of n could be correlated to the void ratio as each function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.125-130
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• 2009

Storage function method which considers the non-linearity of the relationship between rainfall and runoff has been frequently used to predict runoff in a basin and a flood pattern. However, it is time-consuming to estimate appropriate parameters of every basin and rainfall event, which requires the empirical parameter equation applicable in Korea. In this study, multiple regression analysis is used to develop empirical equations to estimate parameters of Storage Function method using basin characteristics. The basin area, maximum stream length, and stream slope are considered as the basin characteristics as the result of the regression analysis. Collinearity is removed and trial-and-error method is used to choose the most descriptive parameters to the dependent variables in Han River basin which is divided into 30 subbasins. The developed equations are validated using the rainfall events in MunMak gauging station and named as 'Han River equation'. The equation could provide the useful information about Storage Function method parameter to calculate runoff from a basin and predict river stage.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.216-225
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• 2020

In this paper, broadband underwater propagation channel modeling based on eigenray analysis is discussed. Underwater channels are often formulated in frequency domain time-harmonic signals, which are impractical for simulating broadband signals in time domain. In this regard, time domain modeling of the underwater propagation channel is required for the simulation of broadband signals, for which the eigenray analysis based on ray tracing, resulting in multipath propagation delays in time-domain, is used in this paper. For discrete time system application, the phase, frequency-dependent loss and non-integer sample delays for each eigenray, are approximated by the finite impulse response of the broadband propagation channel.