• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 1990

정상인에서 Guanethidine Nicardipine Nitroglycerine Prostaglandin $E_1$을 피하주사하고 지속적인 복사열을 주사한 후에 Pain Meter NYT-5를 이용하여 동통역치를 측정하였다. 통증역치는 Guanethidine과 Nicardipine에 의해 상승되었으며 Nitroglycerine에 의해서는 거의 변화가 없고 Prostaglandin $E_1$에 의해서는 감소되었다. 이러한 변화는 지각신경섬유의 말단 감각수용체에 대한 감수성이 이들 혈관확장제에 대하여 서로 다른 작용을 나타내는것 같다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.377-383
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• 1995

이 연구의 목적은 측두하악관절통에 있어서 인도메타신 포노포레시스의 동통완화효과를 평가하기 위한 것이다. 측두하악관절통을 가진 20명의 환자들이 이 연구에 참여했다. 10명은 인도메타신을 이용하여 초음파치료를 받았고 다른 10명은 순수 초음파 치료용 젤을 이용하여 초음파 치료를 받았다. 동통완화효과를 평가하기 위하여 치료전과 치료후에 유추지수와 압력통각역치를 이중맹검법으로 평가하였다. 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 인도메다신을 이용하여 초음파 치료를 받은 군은 유추지수와 압력통각역치에서 다 유의한 동통의 감소를 보였다. 반면에 대조군에서는 치료후에 유추지수와 압력통각역치에서 동통의 감소를 보였지만 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 이 결과는 측두하악관절통에 있어서 단순한 초음파 치료보다 포노포레시스가 더 효과적이라는 것을 의미한다.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1987.05a
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• pp.7.3-8
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• 1987

청성뇌간 유발반응이 Juwett 및 Sohmer와 Feinmesser에 의하여 보고된 이래 타각적 청력검사로서 임상적응용에까지 이르렀다. 타각적 청력검사는 반응역치와 청각역치의 오차가 적어야 하며 주파수별로 역치측정이 가능하여야 하며 개인차가 적고 반응의 재현성이 높아야 되며 반응의 판정이 용이해야 함이 필요조건으로서 이러한 조건이 피검자의 수면상태하에서도 충족되어야 한다. 저자들은 정상 성인 청력자를 대상으로 sedation전후의 ABR에 대한 latency 및 amplitude를 중심으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) Sedative의 사용에 있어서 amplitude및 latency의 차이는 없었다. 2) Sedative의 사용에는 무관하게 low frequency filter에서 high frequency filter보다 voltage의 유의한 차가 있었다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 1998

Mambo, Usuda, Okamoto에 의하여 최초로 제안된 대리 서명은 원서명자가 지정한 서명자가 원서명자를 대신하여 서명하는 것을 허용한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 대리 서명 중에서 보증서를 이용하여 부분 위임이 가능한 대리 서명과 역치 위임이 가능한 대리 서명을 제안하였다. 보증 부분 위임은 Mambo가 제안한 부분 위임과 Neuman의 보증 위임의 장점을 결합한 것으로 암호 요율성 또한 좋다. 역치 위임은 원서명자가 n명의 대리 서명자를 지정하고 n명의 대리 서명자중 t명 이상의 대리 서명자가 협조하여야 대리 서명을 할 수 있는 개념으로 본 논문에서 threshold위임에 의한 대리 서명 방식을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were any changes in taste sensitivity with recurrent aphthous ulceration. Nintyseven subjects(25 males and 72 females) were included for the study and they were categorized into 2 groups(recurrent aphthous ulceration 27 persons, control 70 persons), recurrent aphthous ulceration group was investigated in the department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University from April, 2005 to August, 2006 and control group was investigated in the clinic at Incheon city from June, 2006 to August, 2006. The electrical taste thresholds were measured using an electrogustometer of the 4 different sites(tongue tip, tongue lateral, circumvallate papilla and soft palate) in oral cavity. The results were as follows ; 1. The electrical taste threshold showed significant lower in the RAU group. 2. The electrical taste threshold showed significant lower in female group, and showed significant lower except soft palate in male group of the RAU group. 3. The electrical taste threshold showed a tendency to increase in all site of the multiple RAU group, but there were no significant differences. 4. The electrical taste threshold showed a tendency to increase in tongue lateral of the acute RAU group, and showed a tendency to increase in tongue tip, circumvallate papilla, soft palate of the chronic RAU group. 5. After treatment, electrical taste threshold was significant increase than initial visit in the RAU group. 6. After treatment, NAS showed a tendency to decrease in the RAU group.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

The aims of this study were to establish the effect of gender and age on number of fungiform papillae and electrogustometric thresholds of the tongue, and to determine the relation between number of fungiform papillae and electrogustometric threshold. Sixty-two healthy subjects of 20 to 39 years old were enrolled in this study. Examination areas were defined as center, anterior, left lateral, right lateral, and posterior on the dorsal surface of the tongue, which was stained with methylene blue dye and photographed with a scale bar on it. The number of fungiform papillae within $1\; cm^2$ square area of each examination site was counted twice. The counted values were averaged to produce means. Taste thresholds were measured three times on each examination area using an electrogustometer. Means of the threshold values were calculated. 1. The number of fungiform papillae was the largest at the anterior examination area, followed by right lateral, left lateral, posterior and central. Women had more fungiform papillae than men at anterior, right lateral, and center areas. Subjects in twenties showed more fungiform papillae than those in thirties at anterior, right lateral, and left lateral areas. 2. Anterior area of the tongue measured the lowest electrogustometric threshold, followed by left lateral, right lateral, posterior and center. The threshold was higher in men at anterior and right lateral areas. The subjects in thirties had higher threshold only at right lateral area than those in twenties. 3. Electrogustometric threshold was inversely correlated with the number of fungiform papillae at anterior and posterior areas. The results showed that the number of fungiform papillae and taste threshold varied according to tongue locus, and they were influenced by age and gender. The results also suggested that the number of fungiform papillae was related to electrogustometric threshold inversely.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.499-503
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• 2004

Background: We investigated the longevity, thresholds of epicardial pacemaker and causes of reoperation in the pediatric patients who underwent epicardial pacemaker implantation performed during the last 13 years Material and Method: 121 operations were performed in 83 patients from January 1989 to July 2002. We analyzed the stimulation threshold, resistance, R-wave and P-wave, and sensitivity of pacemaker lead at initial implantation. Longevity and causes of reoperations were investigated. Result At implantation, epicardial ventricular mean stimula-tion threshold was 1.2$\pm$0.1 (0.1∼5) mV, mean resistance was 519.1$\pm$18.1 (319∼778) Ohm, and mean R-wave sensitivity was 8.9$\pm$0.7 (4∼20) mV, and mean P wave sensivity was 2.5$\pm$0.7 (0.4∼12) mV. The mean longe-vity of pacemaker generator was 64.7$\pm$3.7 (2∼196) months. The reoperation free rate was 94.6% for 1 year, 93.6% for 2 years, 80.8% for 5years, 63.7% for 7 years, and 45.5% for 10 years. The causes of reoperation were battery waste in 26 cases and lead malfunction in 9 cases. There was no postoperative death related to pacemaker malfunction. Conclusion: in the childrens, average longevity of epicardial pacemaker was within accep-table range. 19.1% of the patients required pacemaker related reoperation. However, recent developments, including steroid eluting lead, 6.7% of the patients required pacemaker related reoperation, look promising in expansion of pacemaker life span.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1999

This study was designed to evaluate anxiety & depression symptoms and pressure pain threshold in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder(n=23) and to find out the relationship between the affective symptoms and the pressure pain threshold scores. And this was compared with healthy control subjects(n=18). The scores of pressure pain threshold were checked with algometer. The results were as follows : PTSD patients showed higher scores of anxiety & depression symptoms than that of the control group. In contrast with our hypothesis, pressure pain threshold in PTSD patients presented statistically significant higher scores than that of the control group. These results may be derived from following factors. First, chronic depression has influenced the pain perception of patients with PTSD rather than anxiety symptoms, second, abnormal state of the opiate system in PTSD patients, third, the sick role of the PTSD patients, fourth, the socio-environmental factor of the PTSD patients. In conclusion, affective symptoms, especially depression, were related to the chronic pain in patients with PTSD, however, the causality of elevated pressure pain threshold was uncertain in this study. To understand more clearly the relation between affective symptoms and chronic pain, it will be necessary to control the other specific factors.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 2013

To diagnose sensory nerve damage, patient values for thermal stimuli as quantitative sensory test (QST) can be compared with the values of the general population (absolute reference data) or to values measured at contralateral unaffected side (relative reference data). It is well know that relative reference data are more sensitive for detecting sensory abnormality than absolute reference data. However it is still lack of the studies for comparisons between relative and absolute data. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of relative reference data and compare the sensitivities of the two approaches in the orofacial region. In 19 young Korean women as normal subjects, quantitative somatosensory thermotest were done in the forehead, cheek, mentum, lower lip and tongue tip bilaterally. After we get the standard deviations (SD) of average reference data and relative reference data, the ratios SD absolute data/SD relative data were calculated. Our study showed that relative reference data for side to side comparisons in the same patient have the high ratios than the absolute reference data, i.e. the side to side comparisons with relative reference data exhibit gain in sensitivity in assessment of sensory abnormality.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.433-440
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• 2018

Recently, MTV(metabolic tumor volume) has been used as indices of the whole tumor FDG uptake on FDG PET image but it is influenced by image reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between actual volume and metabolic tumor volume applying different SUVmax threshold for different reconstruction algorithm on phantom study. Measurement were performed on a Siemens Biograph mCT40 using a NEMA IEC body phantom containing different size six spheres filled with F18-FDG applying four SBRs (4:1, 8:1, 10:1, 20:1). Images reconstructed four algorithms (OSEM3D, OSEM3D+PSF, OSEM3D +TOF, OSEM3D+TOF+PSF) and MTV were measured with different SUVmax threshold. Overall, the use of increasing thresholds result in decreasing MTV. and increasing the signal to background ratio decreased MTV by applying same SUVmax threshold. The 40% SUVmax threshold gave the best concordance between measured and actual volume in PSF and PSF+TOF reconstruction image. and the 45% threshold had the best correlation between the volume measured and actual volume in OSEM3D and TOF reconstruction image. we believe that this study will be used when the measurement of MTV applying various reconstruction image.