• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 1994

Reverse osmosis(R/O) pilot system, which consists of pretreatments and R/O membranes, was demonstrated to regenerate the petroleum refinery wastewater for the process feedwater supply. Despite of the unsteady quality of the wastewater effluent from the process facilities, relatively high salt rejection of 96~99% was obtained and the product water showed a feasible quality for the use of cooling tower feed water. The results of R/O membrane module cleaning with NaOH solution represented that there was some fouling effects on the membrane performance during the period of test due to the ineffective treatment processes proposed and used in this study.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1994.10a
• /
• pp.68-68
• /
• 1994

현재의 도금폐수처리는 침전옹집법에 의해 슬러지화 하여 매립되고 있으나, 이 매립물은 침출수를 방출하여 수질오염에 문제가 되고 있다. 특히 크롬폐수는 환원 침전시키고 있으나, 공기에 의한 산화로 재용출 가능성이 비교적 높다. 따라서 크롬 고금폐수를 역삼투압법에 의해 크롬이온을 농축 회수하고, 생성되는 투과수는 도금공정에 재투입하여 공해물질이 발생되지 않는 무배출 공정 (Zero-Discharge System)을 개발하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 본 실험에서는 유가금속 중 크롬을 회수하기 위하여 크롬 모델폐수의 농도, pH등을 변화시키면서 연속공정으로 R.O. Cell에 의한 투과수와 막의 상태 변화등을 살펴보았으며, 크롬 실폐수를 R.O. Cell 테스트와 역삼투기기 (1-2ton/day)를 이용하여 농축수 및 투과수의 재이용에 관하여 실험하였다.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.332-342
• /
• 2015

In this study, to solve the major problem of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, surface of reverse osmosis membrane was modified by silane-epoxy multi layer. Octyltrimethoxysilane (OcTES) was polymerized to membrane surface via cross-linking by Sol-gel method. n = 8 alkylgroup of OcTES formed the branch structure by self assembly. And for improve fouling resistance of RO membrane, Ether group of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) was given to improve hydrophilicity of RO membrane surface by ring-opening. To analyze structure of RO membrane surface with FE-TEM and AFM. Membrane surface of the ridge and valley structure and the bridge structure was confirmed due to the multi-layer surface modification of OcTES and EGDE. And through the increase of the roughness, the branch structure was formed well on membrane surface. Through the XPS analysis was identified chemical structure of membrane surface. And confirmed that the hydrophilic surface modification is given to the surface of the film through a Contact angle analysis. In optimization of EGDE surface modification condition, was suitable 0.5 wt% EGDE concentraion and $70^{\circ}C$ ring-opening temperature. In result of fouling resistance test and MFI is SUL-H10, $PA-OcTES_{1.0}$, $PA-OcTES_{1.0}-EGDE_{0.5}$ 68.7, 60.4, 5.4 ($10E-8hr/mL^2$), multi-layer surface modified membrane improved fouling resistance.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1992.04a
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 1992

기존의 일반적인 에탄올 제조법으로는 1) ethylene의 가수분해, 2)전분이나 당분의 발효, 3)acetylene으로부터 얻은 acetaldehyde의 환원반응이 있다. 기존의 화석연로에 의존하지 않고 에탄올을 생성하는 방법은 발효에 의한 방법이다. 발효에 의해 생성되는 에탄올의 농도는 batch식 발효에서 13-14%, 고정화 발효방법에서 5-10%정도이다. 이를 고순도의 에탄올로 농축하기 위한 방법으로는 증류법, 투과증발법, 역삼투법등이 있으며 증류를 이용하여 농축하는 경우에는 상당히 큰 열에너지를 필요로 한다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1991.10a
• /
• pp.56-57
• /
• 1991

해수로 부터 담수를 얻기 위한 방법으로는 증발법, 역삼 투압법, 전기투석법, 냉동법등을 들 수 있다. 이 중에서 역삼투압법은 상변화가 필요없기 때문에 소요 에너지가 적고 장치가 COMPACT 하여 설치비 및 설치부지가 적게든다는 이점을 가지고 있으며, 특히 최근에는 우수한 분리막의 개발 및 공정 기술의 향상으로 다른 공정들에 비해 경쟁력을 갖게 되었다. 본고는 인도네시아, WEST JAVA의 한 석유 화학 단지를 조성 하는데 있어 각 공장에 필요한 공업 용수를 일괄 공급 하기위한 해수 담수화공장 (8000 m$^3$일, 향후증설 8000 m$^3$일)을 건설하기 위한 것으로서 코오롱 엔지니어링(주)에서 수행한 타당성 조사 및 엔지니어링 결과를 토대로 작성된 것이다.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2001

A methodology for enhancing the bond strength of a coating layer with a support has been established in preparing low-pressure reverse osmosis mO) hollow fiber which would experience shear badly in flowing feed un it. Prior to coating process, the support membrane, ultrafiltratiun polysulfone(PS) hollow fibers was pretreated with a reaction solution containing glutaraldehyde (GAl which has a good affinity to the suppurt membrane material as well as a reactivity to some of the cunstituents of cuating layer subsequently formed on the support by interfacial polymerization. Therefore, the reactant GA distributed unifonnly over the support layer through the pretreatment could provide a strong adhesive bond between the coating layer and the support, sticking fast to the support membrane through physical bond and, at the same time, connecting its functional group with the coating laycr by chemical bonding. Due to the strong adhesive bond, the resulting hollow fiber membrane showed an excellent long-tcnn stability in pcnneation.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.94-102
• /
• 2008

For the treatment of the dye wastewater, a polyamide nano-composite membrane and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were prepared using interfacial polymerization technique, in which piperazine, meta-phenylene diamine, and trimesoyl chloride were used as monomers, Their permselective properties were characterized with aqueous solutions of PEG 600, $Na_2SO_4$, and NaCl, and their performance was compared with that of Osmonics Co, They were found to be a typical nano-composite membrane and a low pressure RO membrane. Using them, a real dye wastewater supplied from the Kyungin Corporation, one of the domestic dye producer, was treated, studying the separation performances of the membranes, Also, during the wastewater treatment, cleaning in place (CIP) of the membranes was carried out regularly to recover the flux of the membranes. Three different chemical cleaners were employed for the CIP process and their performance were compared in this study.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2018

Forward osmosis (FO) desalination system has been highlighted to improve the energy efficiency and drive down the carbon footprint of current reverse osmosis (RO) desalination technology. To improve the trade-off between water flux and salt rejection of thin film composite (TFC) desalination membrane, thin film nanocomposite membranes (TFN), in which nanomaterials as a filler are embeded within a polymeric matrix, are being explored to tailor the separation performance and add new functionality to membranes for water purification applications. The objective of this article is to develop a graphene nanocomposite membrane with high performance of water selective permeability (high water flux, high salt rejection, and low reverse solute diffusion) as a next-generation FO desalination membrane. For advances in fabrication of graphene oxide (GO) membranes, layer-by-layer (LBL) technique was used to control the desirable structure, alignment, and chemical functionality that can lead to ultrahigh-permeability membranes due to highly selective transport of water molecules. In this study, the GO nanocomposite membrane fabricated by LBL dip coating method showed high water flux ($J_w/{\Delta}{\pi}=2.51LMH/bar$), water selectivity ($J_w/J_s=8.3L/g$), and salt rejection (99.5%) as well as high stability in aqueous solution and under FO operation condition.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.306-310
• /
• 1992

The effects of membrane type, temperature and pH on the permeate flux and removal of soluble solids from soybean curd whey by reverse osmosis were studied at recommended pressures for optimum performance of the membranes. The fluxes obtained with HR 95 and HR 98 membranes at 60 bar were not lower than that with CA 930 membrane at 20 bar. Soluble solid content in the permeate increased to 1.5 Brix after 90 min by CA 930 membrane, as opposed to 0 Brix with the HR 95 and HR 98 membranes. Permeate flux was increased by 28.4% as operation temperature increased from $30^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$. COD of the whey was rejected up to 80.5%, 99.7% and 99.5% by using the membranes of CA 930, HR 95 and HR 98, respectively. pH adjustment of the whey resulted in decreasing membrane performance. But the rejection rate of COD in permeate with HR 98 membrane was slightly increased to 99.9% when the pH was adjusted to 7.0.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.235-252
• /
• 2022

Forward osmotic pressure-free reverse osmosis (Δ𝜋=0 RO) was invented in 2013. The first patent (US 9,950,297 B2) was registered on April 18, 2018. The "Osmotic Pressure of Concentrated Solutions" in JACS (1908) by G.N. Lewis of MIT was used for the estimation. The Chang's RO system differs from conventional RO (C-RO) in that two-chamber system of osmotic pressure equalizer and a low-pressure RO system while C-RO is based on a single chamber. Chang claimed that all aqueous solutions, including salt water, regardless of its osmotic pressure can be separated into water and salt. The second patent (US 10.953.367B2, March 23, 2021) showed that a low-pressure reverse osmosis is possible for 3.0% input at Δ𝜋 of 10 to 12 bar. Singularity ZERO reverse osmosis from his third patent (Korea patent 10-22322755, US-PCT/KR202003595) for a 3.0% NaCl input, 50% more water recovery, use of 1/3 RO membrane area, and 1/5th of theoretical energy. These numbers come from Chang's laboratory experiments and theoretical analysis. Relative residence time (RRT) of feed and OE chambers makes Δ𝜋 to zero or negative by recycling enriched feed flow. The construction cost by S-ZERO was estimated to be around 50~60% of the current RO system.