• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.101-114
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop a self-report scale measuring dysfunctional communication behaviors that Korean husbands and wives may use during marital fights. Based on the four concepts of criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and stonewalling proposed by Gottman(1994a), an initial pool of 38 items was developed. Through expert reviews of the 38 items to assess content validity, preliminary 30 items were selected. Using a sample of 89 married couples who were living in Susan, Korea, we conducted item analyses and exploratory factor analyses with the 30 items. These analyses yielded a final 19-item, four-factor scale : criticism(5 items), contempt(5 items), defensiveness(5 items), and stonewalling(4 items). The internal consistency estimates for these subscales were satisfactory. Finally, using another sample of 228 wives, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis to confirm cross validity of the 19-item, four-factor model. The result indicated that this model fitted the data reasonably well. All standardized factor loadings were significant in this model. The results of this study supported reliability and validity of this scale.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.23
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• pp.263-302
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• 2008

The study had four purposes as follows; First, the researcher tried to find the characteristics of conflict. Second, the researcher attempted to find the factors influencing the conflict between mother and the eldest son, Third, the study attempted to find the therapist's intervention techniques, which were caused the change of the conflict between mother and the eldest son. Lastly, the study was to find the changed contents of family relationships. The total family counseling was 13 sessions, which included individual and family counseling. The study used constant comparative analysis by using open coding method to find the factors. Also, the researcher used Miles and Huberman's matrix and graphical network display to show the relationships among factors influencing the conflicts between mother and the eldest son. The study found the boundary problem of family, family's undifferentiated ego, dysfunctional communication patterns, and mother's experience from family of origin as factors influencing the conflict between mother and the eldest son. On the other hand, the study found that the therapist used the formation of therapeutic alliance relationship, guide of communication skills, the reflection of repeated pattern, reframing and a metaphor as intervention methods. The result of study revealed that changed level of family relationship, activating functional communication, changed boundary among family members, differentiated ego of family members, and changed cognition as the changed contents of family relationship.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.235-259
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• 2001

This study investigates a variety of dysfunctions and dynamics accompanied with the spread of advanced technology, and predicts the developmental directions of future uncertain society. There are, further, proper countermeasures against dysfunctions discussed. First, different theoretical paradigms concerned with the relationship between seience/technology and society would be comparatively analyzed, and their techno-social implications would be examined. Next, the latest trend of bio-technology and information technology, especially the trend of combination of bio- and information technology, appeared in the progress of Human Genome Project, would be considered. Thirdly, techno-social dysfunctions and far-reaching effects following the development of high-technologies would be analyzed, and realistic alternative plans would be suggested. Through this study, we come to a conclusion that, in order to reduce techno-social dysfunctions to a minimum and enhance their eufunctions, not only 'human' control over technological development should be guaranteed, but also action plan for bridging social gaps should be prepared. In addition, fluent communication and mutual understanding of all concerned, particularly between researcher community, government, and civic sector are required.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.471-482
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• 2014

It is known that the smart education has a positive impact of critical thinking skills and problem solving, communication and collaboration, creativity and innovation in the 21st century. However, some people concern about the adverse effects of smart education such as smart devices addiction and health problems. In this study, we conducted the adverse effects of education using smart devices on students. The questionnaire survey was conducted and analyzed for students in 9 schools at A city(four elementary schools, three middle schools, two high schools) that are receiving smart education. The types of adverse effects of smart education includes smartphone addiction, lack of information ethics, health problems, and lack of social and learning ability. We showed the differences each item compared among elementary school, middle school and high school about adverse effects of smart education. The result of survey didn't have any adverse affect of smart education such as internet addiction or smartphone addiction. However in order to protect the copyright, the school needs to fight against indiscriminated downloads and perform the information ethics education. Plus we surely need to be more open-minded in reading and exercise at school and home.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.223-250
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• 2004

In this paper, the proposing a fundamental data for a systematic and effective organizational management by examining the extent of the levels of conflict perceiving among individuals of social welfare workers in the Busan community social welfare center, a social welfare organizations, and investigating the related influencing factors are the purpose of the study, The summary of this study is as follows. At first, it is dysfunctional when the level of conflict is either exceedingly high or low in the interrelational conflict aspect. However, the social welfare workers' working in the community social welfare center, the extent of individual conflict is relatively low as 2.37 out of 5 points. Secondly, the multi-regression analysis is operated for controlling the population sociological factors and measuring the effectiveness of the conflict factors to the level of conflict. The influencing factors affects the result in the order of greater extent are communication factor, leader's flexibility of leadership factor, spontaneity among personality, confidentiality. As a result, Not like the case that in the technological bureaucratic organizations such as the enterprises or industrial organizations, in the human service organizations including social welfare organizations, these technological bureaucratic paradigm does not applying directly since the material of organization is composed of humans who are given moral values. Therefore, this paradigm should be put as a presupposition of the conflict management strategy. And, the communication among colleagues, learning a reasonable problem solution method, or the chances of education or training for establishing a sound human relationship should be prepared in order to lower the level of the conflict among individuals in the community social welfare department. Furthermore, professional education programs are needed for not only supporting an effective supervision and consultation(consultation with superiors and colleagues), but also, working with confidentiality and pride as a professional.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.73-76
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• 2003

The information society is greatly contributing to the improvement of our standard of living by the providing various types of information and facilitating communication. However, the excessive use of the internet and consequent physical and psychological damages are emerging as serious adverse effects or social problems of the information society. It is urgently required to reduce damages caused by adverse effects of information and to establish correct value systems and behavioral modes fit for social members in the information society. This study shows the process of understanding between the inhabitants of a rural community and a school equipped with information infrastructure. As an organ of education, information education by school, whose goal is forming the sense of school-inhabitants unity, is expected to be helpful in preventing negative phenomena resulting from the adverse effects of information by responding activity to them and in developing inhabitants' ability to accept and utilize the favorable effects of the information society. This info-education experience can provide better ideas for the next learners.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2004

The number of people using the information communication have being rapidly increased owing to promote a national information policy. The rate of teenager using the information communication are over 90 percent. We can communicate quickly and easily owing to the rapid increment of the information communication. But there are adverse effects because of the rapid increment of the information communication. Specially, teenagers have been quickly influenced by the adverse effects. We must consider a counterplan for the adverse effects. Therefore, in this paper, I will survey the present status of ethics education for information communication which have been taught in school and the actual condition using information communication of teenagers. And I will analyze the connection of them. In addition, I will propose the desirable direction of ethics education for information communication.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.293-322
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• 2009

This study investigated the problems of remarried wife with alcoholic problem. Specifically, this study regarded the wife's alcoholic problem as the problems of dysfunctional interaction among family members rather than an individual problem. The study had three purposes as follows. First, what were the interactions sustaining the conflict of remarried family? Second, what were the characteristics of remarried family relating to family conflict? Third, what were the interventions of family therapy to resolve the conflicts of remarried family? The total family counseling was 9 sessions, which included individual, couple, and family counseling. The study used constant comparative analysis by using open coding method to find the factors relating interactions sustaining the conflict of remarried family, the characteristics of remarried family relating to family conflict, and the interventions of family therapy to resolve the conflicts of remarried family. Also, the study used Miles and Huberman's matrix and graphical network display to show the interaction of family members. The study found intriguing factors, counteracting factors, relationship level, and relational elements to wife's alcoholic problems among family members. The study revealed husband's rigid family rules, husband's execution of patriarchal authority, husband's pursuit of family identity, and husband's emphasis of union among family members as the characteristics of remarried family. On the other hand, the study found the reinforcement of spousal subsystem, the pursuit of change in communication pattern between husband and wife, the amelioration of rigid family rules, and the acceptance of differences among family members as the intervention of family therapy to resolve the conflicts of remarried family.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 1996

This paper was to investigate the relationships between the types of incest and family dynamics. 9 incest cases were collected from the Department of Social Work, Seoul National University Children's Hospital and an adoption agencies. The study cases were categorized into three types of incest, father-daughter incest, mother-son incest, sibling incest. The father-daughter incest families revealed various dysfunctional family dynamics such as sociopathic father, psychologically and physically absent mother, pseudomature child, and lack of communications among family members. In mother-son incest families, the fathers were absent and the mothers abused their sons as an outlet for their sexual desire, which was most pathological, among three types of incest. Sibling incests were characterized by the absence of parental supervisions and appropriate emotional care, and younger sibling becoming a sexual outlet of older sibling. It is evident that the incest does not occur simply because of pathology of one family member but because of family dystunction. Therefore the incest was a kind of 'family disease', and the focus of treatment should be on the whole family.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.119-133
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• 2012

This study aimed to explore the anger of child, the factors influencing the anger of child, the therapeutic techniques of therapist to resolve the marital conflict as well as the anger of child and the changes of family members after getting family therapy. The data was consisted of recording transcripts and note-taking of 8 sessions family therapy. The study used a constant comparative analysis and Miles & Huberman's matrix and network display as analysis method. The anger of child included aggressive and violent behavior, temperament, fear, anxiety, and negligence of rule. The study revealed parental dysfunctional communication patterns and parental experiences from family of origin as factors influencing the anger of child. The study found therapist's self-disclosure, sharing and comparing with similar cases, explanation of dysfunctional communication patterns, explanation about similarity in generational transmission process, and suggestion of new solutions as therapeutic techniques. The result of study showed the alleviation of marital conflict, the amelioration in the anger of child, and the change in the relationships of family members after getting family therapy.