• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.420-423
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• 2010

The proanthocyanidin fraction was isolated from the wild grape (Vitis amurensis) peel and its antioxidant capacities were examined to promote the utilization of wild grape by-products. The 70% acetone crude extract of the wild grape peel was fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The ethyl acetate fraction was applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column chromatograph, which was eluted with 50% methanol, 75% methanol, and 75% acetone. The proanthocyanidin characteristics and contents of the isolated fractions were investigated by the vanillin-$H_2SO_4$ and BuOH-HCl methods. Fraction 6 had the highest proanthocyanidin content ($49.35{\pm}2.75\;g%$) among the isolated fractions. The antioxidant activities of the proanthocyanidin fraction were examined by DPPH radical scavenging, FRAP assay, and total phenolic contents. The FRAP values and total phenolic contents of the fractions ranged from 3.54 to 32.25 mmol/kg and from 4.48 to 50.80 g/100 g, respectively. The proanthocyanidin contents was strongly correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activities, FRAP values, and total phenolic contents.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.135-144
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• 2007

The dried barks of Maackia amurensis were ground, extracted with 95% EtOH, concentrated, and fractionated with a series of light petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was concentrated, then a portion of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate soluble was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel 60 column using a various solvent system as eluents. The isolated compounds were identified by cellulose TLC, $^1H-$, $^{13}C-NMR$, COSY, NOESY, HMQC, HMBC, FAB and EI-MS. The structures were determined as: 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-glucopyranosyl(1'''->6'')-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl(1''''->6''')-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl(1'''->6'')-$\beta$-D-glucopyransoyl-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4', 6-dimethoxyisoflavone. The Free radical scavenging activity using DPPH of the isolated compounds were similar with that of BHT but lower than of $\alpha$-tocopherol.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1145-1148
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• 2007

한국을 비롯하여 논농사 중심지역에서는 하천 주변이 과거에는 농경지로, 그리고 오늘날은 도시지역으로 개발되어 하천의 원형이 거의 유지되지 못하고 있다. 하천은 수역과 수변으로부터 거리에 따라 여러 개의 이질적 생태적 공간이 이어지는 복합생태계로서 하나의 경관으로 볼 수 있다. 하천이 하나의 온전한 생태적 계로서 기능을 발휘하기 위해서는 이들을 모두 포함하는 하천의 원형이 복원되어야 한다. 현존하는 하천복원사업이 수변 구역의 복원에 초점을 맞추고 있지만, 진정한 복원이 이루어지기 위해서는 온전한 강변 식생의 복원이 선결과제이다. 본 연구에서는 유적군락의 형태로 잔존하는 강변 식생을 조사하여 식생복원 모델로 삼고자 한다. 수위와 침수체제에 의해 하천의 횡단구조를 수변, 홍수터 및 제방으로 구분한 후 각 지소의 적합한 식생단위를 구분하여 생태적 복원을 실현하기 위한 정보를 구축하였다. 수변식생으로는 달뿌리풀군락과 갈대군락이 자주 출현하고, 홍수터에는 갯버들군락과 키버들군락이 우세하였다. 그 중 전자의 식물군락은 하상재료가 거친 입자의 지소에 성립하고, 후자의 것은 미세한 입자의 지소에 성립하는 경향이었다. 제방역에는 버드나무군락, 다릅나무군락, 귀룽나무군락, 물푸레나무군락, 산사나무군락, 신나무군락(한탄강 지류), 참느릅나무군락, 물푸레나무-갈참나무군락(한탄강 본류), 오리나무군락(민통선 북방지역), 소나무군락, 황철나무군락, 느릅나무군락(소양강 상류), 왕버들군락(금강 중류) 등이 성립하였다. 이러한 식생정보를 하천의 지리적인 위치에 따라 구분하였고, 생태적 복원 시 도입식물을 결정하기 위한 자료로 삼기 위해 각 식생단위를 이루는 종 조성을 정보 체계화하였다.을 효율적으로 하기 위하여 Solar Unit으로부터 나오는 전기를 중전기에서 밧데리로 축전을 시키고 완전 충전 후에는 나머지 전기는 방전이 되도록 회로를 구성하였다. 사통수문 자원조사 결과에 의하면 현재 저수지에 물공급을 하는 수문은 취수탑 형식이 70% 이상을 차지하고 있으며 나머지 30%의 사통수문 중 원형수문비가 98% 이상을 차지하고 있다. 현재 대체에너지를 사용하는 저수지 사통수문은 없는 것으로 조사되었으며 전력을 사용하는 사통도 조사결과에 의하면 20% 이내로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 향후 수리시설 개보수시 적은 예산으로 사업을 시행하는 경우 사통수문의 설치방향의 지표가 될 것으로 판단되며 수리시설의 운영관리에 대한 새로운 대안으로 제시할 수 있다.분류되었다. 지표 유거가 많아 배수등급이 매우양호로 분류되던 토양은 정 등(1995)의 분류와 비교하여 대부분 강우 유출 가능성이 큰 쪽으로 조정되었다. 새로운 수문학적 토양유형을 이용할 경우 낮은 토심에서 암반층이 발견되는 산림토양이 분포한 유역이나 산림, 밭 등에 식질 토양이 많이 분포하는 유역에서는 기존의 방법을 이용하는 것보다 강우 유출량이 높게 평가될 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로 강우 유출량 실측자료와의 비교를 통해 지속적인 보정을 하여야 할 것이며 특히 불투수층의 존재시 일괄적으로 D유형으로 분류된 토양의 경우 깊이에 따라 C 또는 D 유형으로 세분하여 조정할 필요가 있다.가 있었다. 에틸아세테이트분회물의 경우 디글로로메탄 분회물에 비해 다소 낮은 저해효과를 나타내었지만 250 ${\mu}$g/ml 농도에서 약 60%의 세포독성 효과를 나타내었다. 디클로로메탄 분획물과 에틸아세테이트 분

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.581-587
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• 2005

In order to obtain a highly purified p-dioxanone (PDX) as monomer of biodegradable polymer, suitable solvent must be selected. The selection was based on the solubility of impurities, and partial layer melt crystallization were carried out under the presence of solvent. The solubility of PDX in various solvents such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol and 1-pentanol) were measured over the temperature range of $-10{\sim}15^{\circ}C$. As solubility parameters, the mixing and dissolution enthalpy between the PDX and the solvents was studied based on empirical equations and the regular solution theory. The solubility and the temperature dependency of the solubility with the solvents of acetone, ethylacetate, and tetrahydrofuran of PDX were shown to have relatively high values compared to the alcohol type solvents. Also, in same alcohols, the smaller molecules and higher polarity gave higher solvency. In partial layer melt crystallization, small amount of ethylacetate selectively dissolved impurities and gave highly purified p-dioxanone, over 99.9% purity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammation effect of extract of Carthamus tinctorious seed, on skin obtained from Gyeong buk, Korea. Regulatory mechanisms of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) involved in immunological activity of Raw 264.7 cells. Tested cells were pretreated with 70% ethanol extracted of Carthamus tinctorious seed and further cultured for an appropriated time after the addition of lipopolyssacharide (LPS). During the entire experimental period, 5, 10, 25 and 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ of Carthamus tinctorious seed showed no cytotoxicity. In these concentrations, ethyl acetate layer of ethanol extracted Carthamus tinctorius seed (CT-E/E) inhibited the production of NO and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), tumor necorsis factor-a (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). At a 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ level of CT-E/E, $PGE_2$, iNOS and COX-2 inhibition activity were shown 60%, 38%, and 42%, respectively. In addition, CT-E/E reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6. These results suggest that Carthamus tinctorious seed extracts may be a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent due to the significant effects on inflammatory factors.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2015

Herbal plant extracts are good resources to find functional compounds for cosmetic ingredient. In this study, the extract of Areca semen (A. semen) was studied for melanogenesis inhibition and antioxidant activity. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction of A. semen contained phenolic contents, $301.35{\pm}0.88{\mu}g/mg$, and exhibited potent antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ value of $1.02{\pm}0.07{\mu}g/mg$. Further, FRAP value exhibited potent antioxidant activity with $9.07{\pm}0.36mM$. Disk diffusion assay was performed for antibacterial activity. Ethyl acetate fraction of A. semen showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) at $80{\mu}g/mL$, whereas it showed no significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results of cell viability indicated that ethyl acetate fraction did not show cytotoxicity to B16/F1 cells at $80{\mu}g/mL$ and showed significant cytotoxicity at $100{\mu}g/mL$ of concentration and showed inhibition of melanin synthesis inhibitory, $29.78{\pm}0.31%$ at $80{\mu}g/mL$. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of tyrosinase and MITF were decreased after treatment with ethyl acetate fraction in a dose-dependent manner. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction of A. semen could be considered as potential as whitening agents.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.762-768
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• 2006

To assess utilization of onions extract as natural food additives, ethyl acetate, ethanol and hot water extract of freeze dried onions (red, white and yellow) were exmined for their chemical component and nitrite scavenging activity. Contents of total organic acid and total free sugar were in the range of $135.4{\sim}1,2557mg%$ and $51.7{\sim}62.9%$ as dry matter bases, respectively, and then their content of three onions were higher in ethylacetate and hor water extracts than in ethanol extract. Contents of total phenol and total flavonoids were in the range of $9.3{\sim}$13.3 % and $159.8{\sim}584.1mg%$ as dry matter bases, respectively, and their content of red onion extract by three solvent were higher than those of other onion extract. Nitrite-scavenging activities (NSA) of onion extracts were increased by lowering pH and elevating onion concentrations, and their values of ethanol and hot water were about 55% in addition of 10 mg/mL of red onion extract showing that NSA of red onion was twice higher than that of the other onions. In conclusion, the result indicated that red onion extract was very effective to inhibit nitrosamine formation at low pH condition as natural nitrite scavenging agent.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.214-220
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• 2004

This study was carried out to determine the antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticancer effects of functional food manufactured from fermented soybean(FFMFS) using DPPH free radical donating method, Ames test and cytotoxicity, respectively. FFMFS extracted with ethanol and then further fractionated to n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate(EtOAc), butanol and water, stepwise. Among five fractions, the EtOAc fractions showed highest electron donating activities (31.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). The inhibition rate of ethanol extract(200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate) of FFMFS in the S. typhimurium TA100 strain showed 84.8% against the mutagenesis induced by MNNG. In addition, the suppression of EtOAc fractions with same concentration of FFMFS the S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains showed 88.7% and 92.8% inhibition against Trp-P-l, respectively. The cytotoxic effects of FFMFS against the cell lines with human lung carcinoma(A549), human gastric carcinoma(AGS) and human breast adenocarcinoma(MCF-7) were inhibited with the increase of the extract concentration. The treatment of 1.0 mg/mL FFMFS of EtOAc fraction showed strong cytotoxicities of 84.5%, 88.7% and 85.6% against A549, AGS and MCF-7, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.773-779
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• 2015

This study examined extracts from five different kinds of lees and nuruk and their organic solvent fractions in terms of several biological functions, such as anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities. The anti-adipogenic activity was investigated by treating mouse pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells with one extract (YE) and four organic solvent fractions (YAc, PAc, RAc, and WPAc) during adipogenesis. Among the treated samples, the ethyl acetate fraction of W-Ju lees (WPAc) showed the strongest anti-adipogenic effect, which was confirmed with oil red O staining and down-regulation of pro-adipogenic genes such as PPAR-gamma and SCD-1. Treatment with WPAc also reduced the expression of PPAR-gamma in a time-dependent manner. The effects of five different extracts were examined on nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse RAW 264.7 cells to determine anti-inflammatory activity. The ethyl acetate fraction of B-Ju lees (PAc) significantly decreased NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and it also inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner. The PAc fraction also dramatically decreased the viability of human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, PAc increased the expression of NAG-1 and ATF3 genes in a dose dependent manner. Overall, these results indicate that lees and nuruk have several biological functions, including anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1184-1189
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Hijikia fusiforme extracts on serum lipid and liver antioxidative enzyme activities in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats divided into 7 groups : We injected saline to a normal group (N), saline and tween 80 to control groups (CS, CT) and tot extracts to experimental groups (CSA, CTEtOH, CTE, CTH) for 7 days and then injected triton at the last day. Serum and liver free cholesterol contents were significantly lower in hexane-treated group (CTH) than control group (CT) whereas serum HDL-cholesterol content was higher in aqueous extract group (CSA) than control group (CS). Total cholesterol and phospholipid contents in serum and liver were lower in aqueous extract group (CSA) than control group (CS). Serum and liver triglyceride contents were significantly lower in ethanol (CTEtOH) and hexane treated group (CTH) than control group (CT). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of liver were lower in tot extract groups (CSA, CTEtOH, CTE, CTH) than control groups (CS, CT). Superoxide dismutase activities in liver were significantly lower in aqueous extracts group (CSA) and hexane treated group (CTH) than control groups (CS, CT). Liver catalase activity was the lowest in ethylacetate extract group. These results showed that some Hijikia fusiforme extracts have reduction effect of lipid and antioxidative effect in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats.