• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.164-169
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• 2006

본 연구는 가정용 가스 보일러의 배기가스 유동특성을 전산유체역학을 이용하여 정밀 분석하고 CO 검지 장치의 최적화 설계를 결정하는 것을 목적으로, CFD 상용코드 FLUENT 6.2를 이용하였다. 배기가스 포집위치에서 가스 유속의 균일성과 CO농도 검출기에서의 속도가 주요 성능 인자이며 포집기의 위치, 포집구멍의 크기 및 배기가스의 유량을 주요 변수로 선택하였다. 포집기의 위치는 배기부의 상부와 하부인 두가지의 경우이고 두 경우의 배관 높이 차이는 10 mm이다. 포집구멍의 직경 변화는 3 mm, 4 mm 및 5 mm인 세가지 경우이다. 마지막 변수인 배기가스의 유입속도는 20,000 kcal/hr용량의 k사 가스 보일러가 공기비 1.1일 경우에 정상 연소시 0.5 m/s임을 알았고 저부하와 고부하일 경우를 고려해서 0.3 m/s, 0.5 m/s 및 0.7 m/s의 세가지 경우를 변수로 결정하여 총 18가지 형태의 대상을 전산유체 역학을 통해서 분석하였다. 궁극적인 목표였던 배기가스의 균일성은 한가지 경우를 제외 하고는 만족할만한 결과를 얻었기 때문에 CO검지 장치가 위치할 곳에서의 속도 및 포집구멍의 크기가 CO농도 검출기 유속의 주요 인자라 할 수 있다. 결론적으로 포집구멍의 크기가 5 mm인 6가지 경우 중에서 두가지 경우는 검지장치의 유효속도를 초과하였고 포집구멍의 크기가 3 mm인 경우는 검지장치의 유입 속도가 상대적으로 작으므로 포집구멍의 크기는 4 mm가 적합한 것으로 판단하였다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.96-102
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• 1998

The use of computers as part of nuclear safety systems elicits additional requirements-software verification and validation (v/v), hardware qualification-not specifically addressed in general industry fields. The computer used in nuclear power plants is a system that includes computer hardware, software, firmware, and interfaces. To develop the computer systems graded with nuclear safety class, the developing environments have to be required in advance and the developed software have to be verified and validated in accordance with nuclear code and standards. With this requirements, the test facility for Inadequate Core Cooling Monitoring System (ICCMS) as one of safety systems in the nuclear power plants was developed. The test facility consists of three(3) parts such as Input/Output (I/O) simulator, Plant Data Acqusition System (PDAS) cabinets and supervisory computer. The performance of the system was validated by manual test procedure.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.84-92
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• 2003

A one-dimensional thermal-hydraulic analysis computer program is developed for thermal sizing of a copper bonded steam generator. It is assumed that the conduction heat transfer of copper region between the hot side and the cold side tube is one-dimensional and its thermal resistance is derived as a function of a tube pitch. The flow regions of the water/steam side are divided into four regions: subcooled, saturated, film boiling, and super-heated. The number of tube selected ranges from 250 to 3500 and the pitch to tube diameter (P/D) ratios are 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 for the parametric study calculation. The calculation results showed that when the number of tube was 2500, the length of the heating tube was about 12 m and the outside diameter of the steam generator was about 3 m. If the P/D ratio increases, the thermal resistance of copper component also increases, however the length of the heating tube is not so much increased.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.40-44
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• 2015

Sensitivity on the reactor safety was evaluated for the safety margin and time delay applied to the opening pressure of liquid relief valve(LRV) of the primary heat transport system(PHTS) in the pressurized heavy water reactor(PHWR) type nuclear power plant. Since the LRV is the pressure boundary for the PHTS in the safety analysis, the operating of LRV has a significant effect on the safety analysis results. Therefore it is required during the regulatory review of Wolsong Unit 1 safety analysis to find the safety effect of the application of safety margin and time delay to the LRV opening pressure for the safety analysis of PHTS pressurizing events.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.187-193
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• 2007

Water hammer following the tripping of pumps can lead to overpressures and negative pressures. Reduction in overpressure and negative pressure may be necessary to avoid failure, to improve the efficiency of operation and to avoid fatigue of system components. The field tests on the water hammer have been conducted on the pump rising pipeline system with an air chamber. The hydraulic transient is modeled using the method of characteristics. Minimizing the least squares problem representing the difference between the measured and predicted transient response in the system performs the calibration of the simulation program. Among the input variables used in the water hammer analysis, the effects of the polytropic exponent, the discharge coefficient and the wave speed on the result of the numerical analysis were examined. The computer program developed in this study will be useful in designing the optimum parameters of an air chamber for the real pump pipeline system. The correct selection of air chamber size and the effects of related parameters to minimize water hammer have been investigated by both field measurements and numerical modeling.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.525-532
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• 1999

The standardized Korea Next Generation Reactor (KNGR) NSSS has developed in the basis of the ABB-CE System 80+ design concept. In this study, several regulatory requirements for the KNGR shutdown cooling system (SCS) operation are investigated. The purpose of this study is to establish the technical self-reliance for SCS design by supporting fundamental data such as SDCHX effective area and reactor CCW flow rate. Thermal power of KNGR would be increased to about 4,000 $MW_{th}$ in comparison with thermal power 2.825 $MW_{th}$ of UCN 3&4, therefore, SCS design data shall b recalculated by using the KDESCENT Code, which could evaluate cooling capability of SCS. It is found that SCS minimum flow rate is able to remove the primary sensible heat. Reviewing the major components such as heat exchanger, pump, value, and operating procedure, it is concluded as follows.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.596-605
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• 2018

Interest in hydrogen, as an energy carrier, has been growing to solve the problems on shortage of fossile fuels and greenhouse gas. According to the standard KGS FU 551 for stationary fuel cell installation, the fuel cell system could be connected up to two common exhausts to one floor. depending on the required power for building or the installation environment in buildings, multiple fuel cell systems could be installed. Afterwards the number of perforations and flues could be decided. Hence, economic efficiency in significantly determined with respect to installation area and the number of fuel cell systems. In addition, the complexity of common vent structure for stationary fuel cell systems could be changed. In this paper, Verification experiments were conducted by connecting the common exhaust system to the fuel cell simulation system and the actual fuel cell system. Humidity and temperature were changed at ON/OFF, but no factors were found to affect performance or system malfunction. Exhaust emissions were also measured to obtain optimized values. We intend to expand the diffusion of stationary fuel cells by verifying safety of common exhaust structure.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.334-341
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• 2023

The purity of hydrogen finally purified in the hydrogen purification process system is greatly influenced by the uniformity of the purification temperature of the dry tower. A in-house code that can be easily used by field designers has been developed to predict the capacity of the appropriate heat source and the time to reach the temperature of the dry tower. A code was developed to predict unsteady heat transfer using Visual Basic for Applications. To verify the developed code, a grid independence test was performed, and finally, calculations were performed for two cases. In the first case, the time for the temperature of the heater jacket to reach 360℃ was about 1,400 seconds when the supply heat source was 1,000 W. And in the second case, the time for the temperature of the heater jacket to reach 360℃ was about 710 seconds when the supply heat source was 2,000 W. It was confirmed that the developed code well describes the actual test data of the regeneration process of adsorption and desorption, and it is judged that the code developed in the design process of various capacity systems will be effectively applied to the heat capacity calculation in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

The atomization of a liquid into multiple droplets has many important industrial applications, including the atomization of fuels in combustion processes and coating of surfaces and particles. Ultrasonic atomizing nozzle has a transducer that receives electrical input in the form of a high frequency signal from a power generator and converts that into mechanical energy at the same frequency. Liquid is atomized into a fine mist spray using high frequency sound vibrations. In coating applications, the unpressurized, low-velocity spray reduces the amount of overspray significantly because the droplets tend to settle on the substrate, rather than bouncing off it. The spray can be controlled and shaped precisely by entraining the slow-moving spray in an ancillary air stream using specialized types of spray-shaping equipment. The desired patterns of spray can be obtained using an air stream. To simulate the water mist behavior of an ultrasonic atomizing nozzle using an air stream, the Lagrangian dispersed phase model was employed using the commercial code FLUENT. The effects of the nozzle contraction shape, water droplet size and the pneumatic pressure drop on the spray characteristics were investigated to obtain the optimal condition for coating applications.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1588-1596
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• 2015

In the Internet of Things (IoT), resource-constrained devices such as sensors are capable of communicating and exchanging data over the Internet. The IETF standard group has specified an application protocol CoAP, which uses UDP as a transport protocol, allows such a lightweight device to transmit data. Also, the IETF recommended the DTLS binding for securing CoAP. However, additional features should be added to the DTLS protocol to resolve several problems such as packet loss, reordering, fragmentation and replay attack. Consequently, performance of DTLS is worse than TLS. It is highly required for lightweight devices powered by small battery to design and implement a security protocol in an energy efficient manner. This paper thus discusses about DTLS performance in the perspective of energy consumption. To analyze the performance, we implemented IEEE 802.15.4 based test network consisting of constrained sensor devices in the Cooja simulator. We measured energy consumptions required for each of DTLS client and server in the test network. This paper compares the energy consumption and amount of transmitted data of each flight of DTLS handshake, and the processing and receiving time. We present the analyzed results with regard to code size, cipher primitive and fragmentation as well.