• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.195-221
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• 2023

As the global energy and climate crisis has complicated interests of each country, the agenda that requires a global response has recently been revived. In particular, Korea is highly dependent on energy imports and continues to have high energy consumption, low efficiency of energy consumption, and high greenhouse gas emissions, so innovative and effective energy policies are urgently needed to achieve energy efficiency and carbon neutrality. In this study, among the changes in distributed district energy policy after the integrated energy method was introduced in Korea in the mid-1980's, the case of the "National Heat Map Project" policy implementation is analyzed with a modified multi-flow model. The 10 years of the Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye administrations, the period of study, was a period in which the main paradigm of energy policy shifted to a "distributed energy platform" and policy transitions such as policy agenda setting, policy drift, and policy revision were made. A study on the process would be meaningful.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.33-43
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• 2019

Considerable efforts have been made to reduce greenhouse gas emission around the world to cope with climate change. The government is implementing G-SEED certification to promote energy efficient building design. This study aims to verify the effectiveness of the G-SEED certification system by analyzing the actual energy use of certified and non-certified office buildings. For this purpose, the energy consumption of 135 certified and 142 non-certified office buildings was analyzed according to the seasonal characteristics, building size and number of floors, approval year, and certification grade. The energy saving effects of certified buildings was about 50% higher than that of non-certified buildings. The seasonal energy consumption of buildings is closely related to the heating degree-days. The energy consumption of certified and non-certified buildings decreases with increasing approval year. On the other hand, the energy consumption according to building size and certification grade is not related. This study provides meaningful basic data of G-SEED certification system for future improvement. As the building energy performance standards are strengthened over the years, it is necessary to make the individual score of G-SEED certified projects open to the public to configure the factors of energy efficiency.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.129-157
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• 2010

This paper is intended to evaluate energy efficiency policy in demand side, to assess the residential sector's energy efficiency policy and to analyze the system of energy efficiency practices. We examined residential energy consumption over the period 1990~2006. The decomposition method in the analysis was a logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) techniques to decompose changes in energy intensity. First of all, the energy use in residential sector was adjusted to correct weather-induced variations in energy consumption, because adjustments for normal weather patterns facilitated inter-temporal comparison of intensity. The analysis on the residential sector shows that the overall energy intensity of the residential sector declined at an average 1.0% per year, while the structure effect increased by 1.8% per year, and the activity effect increased by 0.7% per year. In other words, the decline of floor space, number of household, and appliance ownership per capita has an effect on increase in residential consumption. The improvement in energy efficiency had strong contribution on the decrease of energy consumption. We find that the general results of analysis on residential energy are similar to those of IEA. The energy efficiency policy in residential sector is assessed to obtain some results during 1990~2006. In residential sector, structural variables such population per household, diffusion of appliance and activity factor such as population contributed to the increase of energy consumption while energy intensity effect induced the decrease of energy consumption. These findings are consistent with international trend as well as our prior expectation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.129-138
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• 2017

Faced with the era of the IoT (Internet of Things) and smart homes, this study aims to explore the type of information loaded on smart devices that can lead to consumer's efficient energy use. 105 Americans participated in the survey with eight different versions according to two energy consumption levels (Above or Below condition) by four information frames (Finance, security, environment, or health). It was found that frames can make significant differences in consumers' attitudes; (1) Those in the Below condition worried about environments more than those in the Above condition; (2) Finance-framed information in the Above condition was the least effective to increase consumers' energy saving motivation; (3) In the Below condition, those receiving finance and security framed information revealed more environmental concerns than those receiving other types of informations. This study can contribute to the field by providing with basic research findings that smart device developers can refer to in the future. Also, follow-up studies need to be conducted to examine effective messages for Korean energy consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 1993

A 4-week energy balance study was conducted to estimate the energy expenditure (EE) of 7 high school age girl, 15 to 16 year age, by measurement of energy intakes and changes in body energy (BE) content (intake/balance technique), keeping their normal living pattern and eating behavior. Gross energy intake (GE) and fecal energy (FE) loss was measured by bomb calorimetry. Urinary energy (UE) loss was calculated from nitrogen excreted. Fat mass (FM) was determined from body density estimated from skinfold thickness. Mean constitutional ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat for the total energy intake was 70.1$\pm$1.8%, 12.2$\pm$0.7% and 17.7$\pm$2.0%, respectively, Fecal energy loss was 2.8% proportion of the gross energy intake. Mean daily metabolizable energy estimated by subtract fecal and urinary energy loss was 2022 $\pm$ 50㎉. Total body energy change estimated from body composition change over 28days was increased 2400 $\pm$ 950㎉ . Mean daily energy expenditure was 1958$\pm$87㎉ (39$\pm$2㎉ /kg of body weight).

• 전기의세계
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.40-46
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• 1995

소음을 줄이고자 하는 위치 혹은 공간의 선정문제, 또한 제어용 음파가 원래 제어하고자 하는 음파와 함께 섞인 상태에서 관찰하게 됨으로서 발생하는 문제, 제어용 음원의 위치 선정에 관련된 사항 등 가관측성 및 가제어성으로 대별될 수 있는 부분과 제어대상 물리량, 즉 제어대상 가격함수 선정의 물리적 적합성 등이 있을 수 있다. 전술한 가관측성 및 가제어성 관련 사항은 참고문허[3]에 비교적 상세히 기술되어 있으므로 본 고에서는 제어대상 가격함수의 선정과 관련된 음향학적 사실들을 중점적으로 다루도록 한다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.65-79
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• 2019

The study attempted to estimate the optimal facility capacity by combining renewable energy sources that can be connected with gas CHP in industrial complexes. In particular, we reviewed industrial complexes subject to energy use plan from 2013 to 2016. Although the regional designation was excluded, Sejong industrial complex, which has a fuel usage of 38 thousand TOE annually and a high heat density of $92.6Gcal/km^2{\cdot}h$, was selected for research. And we analyzed the optimal operation model of CHP Hybrid System linking fuel cell and photovoltaic power generation using HOMER Pro, a renewable energy hybrid system economic analysis program. In addition, in order to improve the reliability of the research by analyzing not only the heat demand but also the heat demand patterns for the dominant sectors in the thermal energy, the main supply energy source of CHP, the economic benefits were added to compare the relative benefits. As a result, the total indirect heat demand of Sejong industrial complex under construction was 378,282 Gcal per year, of which paper industry accounted for 77.7%, which is 293,754 Gcal per year. For the entire industrial complex indirect heat demand, a single CHP has an optimal capacity of 30,000 kW. In this case, CHP shares 275,707 Gcal and 72.8% of heat production, while peak load boiler PLB shares 103,240 Gcal and 27.2%. In the CHP, fuel cell, and photovoltaic combinations, the optimum capacity is 30,000 kW, 5,000 kW, and 1,980 kW, respectively. At this time, CHP shared 275,940 Gcal, 72.8%, fuel cell 12,390 Gcal, 3.3%, and PLB 90,620 Gcal, 23.9%. The CHP capacity was not reduced because an uneconomical alternative was found that required excessive operation of the PLB for insufficient heat production resulting from the CHP capacity reduction. On the other hand, in terms of indirect heat demand for the paper industry, which is the dominant industry, the optimal capacity of CHP, fuel cell, and photovoltaic combination is 25,000 kW, 5,000 kW, and 2,000 kW. The heat production was analyzed to be CHP 225,053 Gcal, 76.5%, fuel cell 11,215 Gcal, 3.8%, PLB 58,012 Gcal, 19.7%. However, the economic analysis results of the current electricity market and gas market confirm that the return on investment is impossible. However, we confirmed that the CHP Hybrid System, which combines CHP, fuel cell, and solar power, can improve management conditions of about KRW 9.3 billion annually for a single CHP system.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.216-223
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• 2011

This paper presents an effective energy saving algorithm for lighting control systems using M&V method in various buildings and factories. It is important to aggregate a various demand side resource which is controllable at the peak power time to reduce the energy cost. Previous demand side algorithm appropriate for building is based on peak power. In this paper, we develop the new energy saving algorithm using M&V method to reduce the quantity of power consumption. The simulation results show that the proposed method is very effective.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.289-291
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• 2007

본 연구의 대상해역은 여수반도 남단에 위치한 가막만은 굴을 비롯한 패류양식 생산활동에 기여하는 자연환경의 실질적인 가치와 인간경제 시스템에 대한 EMERGY 분석법으로 평가하고자 한다. 이를 기초로 넙치생산의 지속적인 발전방향을 제시하고자 했다. 2004년 통계를 기준으로 가막만 양식에 유입되는 총 EMERGY의 양은 33.42E+19 sej/yr이고, 이 중 자연환경으로부터 영속성 에너지는 2.95E+20 sej/yr 이며, 주 경제로부터 유입되는 비영속성 에너지는 3.92E+19 sej/yr이다. 자연환경으로부터의 유입이 전체 에너지원의 88%이고, 주 경제로부터의 유입은 12%로서 환경자원에 대한 의존도가 높은 1차 산업의 구조적 특징을 나타내고 있다. Net EMERTY yield ratio는 8.52으로 이는 주 경제로부터 투입된 에너지(비영속성 에너지)에 대해 8배 만큼 수산물을 얻을 수 있는 자원으로서의 가치를 가진다. EMERGY Investment Ratio 0.13은 주 경제로부터 유입된 에너지의 약 7배에 해당하는 에너지를 자연환경에서 얻을 수 있음을 의미한다. EMERGY량이 모두 현재의 EMERGY 생산비대로 생산이 된다는 가정하면 가막만의 패류(굴) 생산량은 환경수용량의 50%정도에도 못 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.216-219
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• 2011

신.재생에너지는 머지않아 고갈될 것이라 예측하고 있는 화석에너지의 대체에너지로서 대형 홍수와 국지적 집중호우, 가뭄과 전염병, 기근 등 우리인류의 생존을 위협하는 재앙을 어느 정도 줄일 수 있고, 온실효과 가스를 저감하고자 하는 하나의 방법으로서 가스배출량이 적은 수력, 풍력, 태양광 등의 재생에너지를 이용한 방법이다. 이 중 물은 무한적인 자원이 아니기 때문에 소중히 여기고 순환과정을 통하여 재활용 될 수 있고, 친환경적이고 장기적인 수명과 다른 자원을 사용하는 발전소들보다 더 효율적이며 복원 가능성이 크고 다른 오염유발 에너지 자원을 대신한다. 본 연구에서는 경상북도 북부지역 5개 지점의 소수력발전 후보지점에 대한 평 갈수기 및 홍수기의 유량측정에서 수위-유량관계곡선식의 유도등의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 2009년 3월부터 2010년 9월까지 5개 지점을 대상으로 현지조사 및 자료수집, 측량작업, 유량측정 등을 실시하였다. 본 유량측정을 통하여 경상북도 북부지역의 최적 소수력 발전지점 선정을 위한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.