• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.303-321
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• 2006

According to Harris'(1966) distributional hypothesis, understanding the meaning of a word is thought to be dependent on its context. Under this hypothesis about human language ability, this paper proposes a computational model for native speaker's language processing mechanism concerning word sense disambiguation, based on two sets of experiments. Among the three computational models discussed in this paper, namely, the logic model, the probabilistic model, and the probabilistic inference model, the experiment shows that the logic model is first applied fer semantic disambiguation of the key word. Nexr, if the logic model fails to apply, then the probabilistic model becomes most relevant. The three models were also compared with the test results in terms of Pearson correlation coefficient value. It turns out that the logic model best explains the human decision behaviour on the ambiguous words, and the probabilistic inference model tomes next. The experiment consists of two pans; one involves 30 sentences extracted from 1 million graphic-word corpus, and the result shows the agreement rate anong native speakers is at 98% in terms of word sense disambiguation. The other pm of the experiment, which was designed to exclude the logic model effect, is composed of 50 cleft sentences.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.257-266
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological reaction to the image of the worship space in the church buildings and to quantify its contribution of the stimulation elements causing such reaction, and finally to suggest basic data for realizing emotional worship space of the church architecture. For this, 143 christians were surveyed to analyze the relationship between 23 emotional expressions extracted from the worship space and 32 images of the worship space. The combined data was described with the two dimensional dispersion using the quantification theory III. The analysis found out that 'simplicity-complexity' of the image consisted of the horizontal axis (the x-axis) and 'creativity' of the image the vertical axis(the y-axis). In addition, to extract the causal relationship between the value of emotional reaction and its stimulation elements quantitatively, the author indicated 4 emotional word groups such as simple, sublime for x-axis and typical creative for y-axis based on its similarity by the cluster analysis, The quantification theory I was also used with total value of equivalent emotional words as the standard variance and the emotional stimulation elements of the worship space as the independent variance. 9 specific examples of the emotional stimulation elements were selected including colors and shapes of the wall and the ceiling, shapes and finish of the floor materials, window shapes, and the use of the symbolic elements. Furthermore, 31 subcategories were also chosen to analyse their contribution on the emotional reaction. As a result, the color and finish of the wall found to be the most effective element on the subjects' emotional reaction, while the symbolic elements and the color of the wall found to be the least effective. It is estimated that the present study would be helpful to increase the emotional satisfaction of the users and to approach a spatial design through satisfying the types and purposes of the space.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.6
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• pp.1091-1096
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• 2002

This paper presents the development of a protein interaction database. The developed system is characterized as follows. First, the proposed system not only maintains interaction data collected by an experiment, but also the genomic information of the protein data. Secondly, the system can extract details on interacting proteins through the developed wrappers. Thirdly, the system is based on wrapper-based system in order to extract the biologically meaningful data from various web sources and integrate them into a relational database. The system inherits a layered-modular architecture by introducing a wrapper-mediator approach in order to solve the syntactic and semantic heterogeneity among multiple data sources. Currently the system has wrapped the relevant data for about 40% of about 11,500 proteins on average from various accessible sources. A wrapper-mediator approach makes a protein interaction data comprehensive and useful with support of data interoperability and integration. The developing database will be useful for mining further knowledge and analysis of human life in proteomics studies.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.583-595
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• 2005

Contingency tables are used to compare counts of n-grams to determine if the n-gram is a true collocation, meaning that the words that make up the n-gram are highly associated in the text. Some statistical methods for identifying collocation are used. They are Kulczinsky coefficient, Ochiai coefficient, Frager and McGowan coefficient, Yule coefficient, mutual information, and chi-square, and so on. But the main problem is that these measures are based ell the assumption of a nor-mal or approximately normal distribution of the variables being sampled. While this assumption is valid in most instances, it is not valid when comparing the rates of occurrence of rare events, and texts are composed mostly of rare events. In this paper we have simply reviewed some statistics about testing association of two words. Some randomization tests to evaluate the significance level in analyzing collocation in large corpora are proposed. A related graph can be used to compare different lest statistics that ran be used to analyze the same contingency table.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.141-148
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to define the emotion that expressed in step animation and to quantify the intuitional expression of emotion that related step for using extract, measure, analysis the stimulate element about step. The survey of relation with 27 word of emotional expressions and 36 moving pictures of step sample is used for method of this test. The emotional mental structure is transferred to 2 dimensional planes as applying the results of analysis of integrated data using Quantification Method 3, which the integrated data is composed two axial - confidential axial and stabling axial. Analysis of distribution of 2 dimensional diagram shows that the second of the plane and the third of the plane have much data. However, the first of the plane and the forth of the plane have a little data. Through this kind of analysis of graph, it is difficult to express a different emotion between unstable the timidity mind and stable feel the timidity mind using only step analysis. Six difference types about physical elements affecting to emotion are selected and analyzed such as the paces of step, the rate of step, the movement angle of pelvis, the swing range of arm, angle of backbone and the lean angle of body. The result is that the rate of stop and the lean angle of body are the major element that effects to emotional stimulate of stop. This thesis argues about methods transforming subjective expression to objective and quantitative expression with the state of delicate emotion of character apply to step animation naturally. Those data to apply to multi-contents in future are the main target in this study.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.95-126
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• 2010

This study proposes a bottom-up and inductive manual mapping methodology for integrating two heterogenous fine-grained ontologies which were built by a top-down and deductive methodology, namely the Sejong semantic classes (SJSC) and the upper nodes in KorLexNoun 1.5 (KLN), for HLP applications. It also discusses various problematics in the mapping processes of two language resources caused by their heterogeneity and proposes the solutions. The mapping methodology of heterogeneous fine-grained ontologies uses terminal nodes of SJSC and Least Upper Bounds (LUB) of KLN as basic mapping units. Mapping procedures are as follows: first, the mapping candidate groups are decided by the lexfollocorrelation between the synsets of KLN and the noun senses of Sejong Noun Dfotionaeci(SJND) which are classified according to SJSC. Secondly, the meanings of the candidate groups are precisely disambiguated by linguistic information provided by the two ontologies, i.e. the hierarchicllostructures, the definitions, and the exae les. Thirdly, the level of LUB is determined by applying the appropriate predicates and definitions of SJSC to the upper-lower and sister nodes of the candidate LUB. Fourthly, the mapping possibility ic inthe terminal node of SJSC is judged by che aring hierarchicllorelations of the two ontologies. Finally, the ituorrect synsets of KLN and terminologiollocandidate groups are excluded in the mapping. This study positively uses various language information described in each ontology for establishing the mapping criteria, and it is indeed the advantage of the fine-grained manual mapping. The result using the proposed methodology shows that 6,487 LUBs are mapped with 474 terminal and non-terminal nodes of SJSC, excluding the multiple mapped nodes, and that 88,255 nodes of KLN are mapped including all lower-level nodes of the mapped LUBs. The total mapping coverage is 97.91% of KLN synsets. This result can be applied in many elaborate syntactic and semantic analyses for Korean language processing.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2002

Seasonal quantitative van Veen grab sampling was conducted to characterize the composition and structure of the benthic polychaete community inhabiting the shellfish farming ground of a coastal bay system of Jiniu Bay (Korea). A total of 132 polychaete species were identified and the polychaetes accounted for about $80\%$ of overall abundance of benthic animals. There was little significant seasonal difference in densities (abundances) of polychaetes, Maximum biomass was obseued in summer (August) and minimum value was recorded in winter (February) and spring (May). Conversely, diversity and richness were lowest in summer, indicating a seasonal variability in the polychaetous community structure, The cluster analysis indicated that such a seasonal variability resulted mainly from the appearance of a few small, r-selected opportunists in spring and the tubiculous species of the family Maldanidae in summer. On the other hand, several indicator species for the organically enriched environments such as Capitelia capitata, Notoniashs Jatericeus and hmbrineris sp. showed high densities during all the study period. Density and biomass of univariate measures of community structure were significantly lower in the arkshell-farming ground of the southern area than in the non-farming sites of the bay, A similar general tendency was also found in the spatial distributions of species diversity and richness. Principal component analysis revealed the existence of different groups of benthic assemblages between the arkshell-farming ground and non-farming sites, The lack of colonization of r-selected opportunists and/or tubiculous species in the former ground seemed to contribute to the spatial differences in the composition and structure of the polychaetous communities. Although finer granulometric composition and high sulfide concentration in sediments of the arkshell-farming ground and low salinity in the northern area were likely to account for parts of the differences, other environmental variables observed were unlikely. The spatial distribution of polychaetes in Jiniu Bay may be rather closely related to the sedimentary disturbance by selection of shells for harvesting in spring.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1990

The purpose of the present study is to investigate cognitive characteristics of ADHD children by comparing their performances on KEDI-WISC according to age and EEG variables. Subjects were 56 ADHD children who visited Seoul National University Children's Hospital during the period from January, 1988 to March, 1989. Group differences on age and EEG variables were tested by ANOVA, and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was performed to investigate how ADHD children were classified based on their performances on KEDI-WISC. The results Indicated that ADHD children showed low scores on Coding, Digit Span, and Comprehension subtests, suggesting their attention deficits and impulsivity. ADHD children were clustered Into three groups based on only FSIQ. In post-hoc tests three groups showed different cognitive strengths and weaknesses on KEDI-WISC. Group differences on age were not significant, and abnormal EEG group showed lower PIQ than normal EEG group, suggesting the possibility that their attention deficits were related to neurological factors.

• MALSORI
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• no.31_32
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• pp.173-193
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• 1996

불어의 "묵음 e(e muet)"에 대한 정의를 내리기는 매우 까다롭다. 불어에서 "e"가 "묵음 e(e muet)"로 불리우는 이유는 "e"가 흔히 탈락되기 때문이다. 현재 "e muet"는 다음 발화체에서 볼 수 있듯이 열린음절에서만 나타난다. "Je/le/re/de/man/de/ce/re/por/ta/ge/." [omitted](나는 그 리포트를 다시 요구한다. : 이 경우 실제 발화시 schwa 삭제 규칙이 적용된다.) 둘째, 접두사에 나타나는 "e muet"는 s의 중자음 앞에서 s가 유성음, [z]로 발음되는 것을 막기 위해 쓰인다. "ressembler[omitted](닮다); ressentir[omitted](느끼다)" 같은 경우, 셋째, 몇몇 낱말의 경우 고어의 철자가 약화되어 "e muet"로 발음이 되고 있다. "monsieur[$m{\partial}sj{\emptyset}$](미스터), faisan[$f{\partial}z{\tilde{a}}$](꿩), faisait[$f{\partial}z{\varepsilon}$]("하다"동사의 3인칭 단수 반과거형)"등. 또 과거 문법학자들은 이를 "여성형의 E"로 불렀는데, 이는 형태론적으로 낱말의 여성형을 남성형과 구분짓기 위해 사용되고 있기 때문이기도 하다. 예를 들어, "$aim{\acute{e}}-aim{\acute{e}}e$"(발음은 둘 다 [${\varepsilon}me$]로 동일하다 : 사랑받다)의 경우. 현대불어의 구어체어서 "e muet"는 어말자음을 발음하기 위해 쓰이고 있다. 예를 들어, "pote[pot](단짝)-pot[po](항아리)". 이러한 "e muet"는 발음상으로 지역적, 개인적 및 문맥적 상황에 따라 그 음색 자체가 매우 불안정하며 여러 가지 음가(열린 ${\ae}$ 또는 닫힌 ${\O}$)로 나타난다. 예를 들어 "seul[$s{\ae}l$](홀로), ceux[$s{\O}$](이것들)"에서와 같이 발음되며, 또한 원칙적으로 schwa, [${\partial}$]로 발음이 되는 "Je[$\Im\partial$]"와 "le[$l{\partial}$]"의 경우, Paris 지역에서는 "Je sais[${\Im}{\ae}{\;}s{\Im}$](나는 안다); Prends-le[$pr{\tilde{a}}{\;}l{\ae}$](그것을 집어라)"로 발음을 하는 한편, 프랑스 북부 지방세서는 동일한 발화체를 [${\ae}$]대신에 [${\o}$]로 발음한다. 실제로 언어학적 측면에서 고려되는 "e muet"는 schwa로 나타나는 "Je[$\Im\partial$]"와 "le[$l{\partial}$]"의 경우인데, 불어 음운론에서는 schwa에 의해 대립되는 낱말짝이 없기 때문에 schwa를 음소로 인정할 것인가에 대해 논란이 있다. 그러나 불어에서 schwark 음운론적 역할을 한다는 사실은 다음과 같은 예에서 찾아 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 발음상으로 동사의 변화형에서 "porte[$p{\jmath}rte$](들다: 현재형), porte[$p{\jmath}rte$](과거분사형), porta[$p{\jmath}rte$](단순과거형)"등이 대립되며, 이휘 "Porto[$p{\jmath}rte$](포르토)"와도 대립된다. 둘째, 어휘적 대립 "le haut[$l{\partial}o$](위)/l'eau[lo](물)"와 형태론적 대립 "le[$l{\partial}$](정관사, 남성단수)/les[le](정관사, 복수)"등에서 "묵음 e"는 분명히 음운론적 역할을 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같이 음색이 복잡하게 나타나는 "e muet"의 문제를 리듬단위, 문맥적 분포 및 음절모형 측면, 즉 음성학 및 음운론적 측면에서 다양하게 분석하여 그 본질을 규명해 보고 "e muet"탈락현상을 TCG(Theorie de Charme et de Gouvernement) 측면에서 새롭게 해석해 보았다.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.445-462
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• 2014

The purpose of the present study is to compare paper and pencil test utilized to identify gifted students so far to the recently introduced teacher observation-recommendation system. More specifically, this study compared intelligence, career patterns, and self- regulated learning abilities of gifted students who were identified through those two different identification system to explore the possibility of the newly introduced teacher observation-recommendation system. The results show that there was no significant difference in the aspect of overall IQ score. However, students who were identified through the observation-recommendation system showed significantly higher scores at some subscores of intelligence test, such as vocabulary application, comprehension, and schematization. In the aspects of career patterns, about 72% of gifted students who were identified through the previous paper and pencil test belonged to the 'investigative' category of Holland. But more diverse career patterns such as enterprising, social, realistic, conventional including investigative categories were found in those students who were identified by the observation-recommendation system. There were also significant differences in the self-regulated learning abilities between two groups of students. Practical implications of the study were discussed in depth.