• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.36
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• pp.101-132
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• 2011

Using data collected from Korean mothers (N＝429) with preschool children (aged 3 to 5 years) in 12 day care centers in Seoul, this study aims to empirically demonstrate the different pathways acute and chronic stress affect parenting efficacy of mothers according to the income group to which they belong. Analytic results show mothers in the low-income group show higher levels of depressive symptoms than mothers in the middle-income group, and the former also show more frequent and higher levels of acute and chronic stress than the latter. The mediation model results show that acute stress and chronic stress did not directly affect parenting efficacy, but rather indirectly affect parenting efficacy through maternal depressive symptoms. Acute stress and chronic stress are both significant factors affecting depressive symptoms with chronic stress exerting greater influence. When the total effect was analyzed, chronic stress has a greater effect on parenting efficacy than acute stress. The effect of chronic stress on maternal depressive symptoms is greater on low-income mothers than middle-income mothers, while the effect of acute stress on maternal depressive symptoms and the effect of those symptoms on parenting efficacy are greater on middle class families than low-income families. In order to maximize effective parenting in high-risk situations, the psychological welfare of mothers needs to be protected from the environmental difficulties they face. Based on the results, policies to support women and parents at the national and social levels are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.251-257
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• 2007

The combined impact of maternal depression, parenting stress, infant cry, and infant temperament on family functions was examined. The sample included 257 mothers in the near communities. Questionnaires completed by the mothers who had 0-36 month old children were used to measure depressive symptoms in mothers, infant cry, infant temperament, parenting stress, and family function. Maternal depression, parenting stress, infant crying and infant temperament had negative influence on family adaptability and family cohesion. Mother's depression had negative effect particularly on infant cry. Infant cry had positive effect on infant temperament. Infant temperament had high direct effect on parenting stress. As a result, it had negative influence on family function.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.87-97
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to explore the differences in maternal parenting behaviors and mothers' family stress by children's sex and parental divorce and to investigate the relationships of maternal parenting behaviors with mothers' family stress in low income families. Participants of this study were 166 children of 4 to 6 grades and their mothers from low income divorced and intact families. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, two-way ANOVAs, Pearson's correlations. The result were as follows: Girls perceived more maternal warmth than boys in divorce families, but boys perceived more maternal warmth than girls in intact families. Boys perceived more maternal supervision than girls in intact and divorced families. Mother of divorced families had more childrearing stress than mothers of intact familes. In divorced families, children whose mothers had high levels of childrearing stress perceived less maternal warmth and supervision, and children whose mothers had high levels of work-family conflicts perceived less maternal warmth. In intact families, children whose mothers had high levels of economic stress perceived less maternal supervision.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.11-27
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• 2004

본 연구의 일차적 목적은 어머니의 특성과 관련된 요인들이 양육효능감에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 양육효능감이 어머니의 특성과 관련된 요인들과 자녀양육 행동과의 관계에서 매개역할을 하는 것인가를 분석하였다. 그리고 양육효능감, 자녀 양육행동, 아동 발달과의 상관관계를 살펴보았다 미국 내 거주하는 Early Head Start 프로그램 의 수혜 자인 저 소득층의 어머니와 영 아들을 (출생∼36개월) 대상으로 한 본 연구결과에 의하면 어머니의 특성과 관련된 요인들로 어머니의 연령, 소득수준, 양육에서 오는 스트레스가 양육효능감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 양육효능감은 어머니의 특성과 관련된 요인, 특히 어머니의 연령과 양육행동과의 관계에서 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다 양육효능감, 양육행동, 아동발달과의 상관관계 분석에서는 양육효능감과 양육행동에서만 유의한 정적인 강관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지금까지의 선행연구들과는 맥을 같이하는 연구결과이지만, 저소득층(high-risk families)의 어머니와 영아를 대상으로 양육효능감을 포괄적이고 체계적으로 이해하고자 하였다는데서 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 나아가, 이 연구의 결과는 저소득층을 위한 아동 및 가족의 통합적 복지사업을 실천하는데 있어 의미가 있는 것으로 시사된다. 사회 경제적 자립을 위한 기회 제공과 자녀양육을 하는데 있어서 전문가의 직접적인 모델링을 통한 부모교육을 통해서 양육효능감을 향상시켜나갈 때, 아동 및 가족 복지 실현의 궁국적 목적을 이룰 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.395-413
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• 2015

This study aims to observe the impact of mothers' child-rearing stress on the development of 3-month-old, breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding infants. For this purpose, a survey based on the K-ASQ scale was conducted on a sample of 533 3-month-old infants and their mothers in the Seoul and Kyeong-gi area. The results of the study are as follows. First, breastfeeding mothers felt less child-rearing stress than their non-breastfeeding counterparts, especially in parent-role stress. Second, breastfeeding infants exhibited a better personal sociality than non-breastfeeding infants. Third, it was found that mothers' child-rearing stress had an impact on all aspects of infant development in breastfeeding infants, and especially in the development of communicational skills, having an impact of 12.4%. However, in non-breastfeeding infants, mothers' child-rearing stress had an impact only on communication and personal sociality development and exhibited a nonsignificant impact on other aspects. Lastly, it was found that mothers' parent-role stress, out of all aspects of child-rearing stress, was the main factor of negative impact on infant development in both breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding infants. Based on the results of this study, I have suggested family-level and society-level support measures to reduce mothers' parent-role stress and promote breastfeeding.

• Proceedings of the KHMA Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.271-271
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• 2008

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.247-276
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• 2010

This study aimed to examine the model to explain the mediator effect of care evaluation(care stress, care satisfaction) on the effect of stress factors and resource on the psychological well-being of the parents of the adult intellectual disabilities. Examining whether there is a difference between the gender of parents was another aim of this study. Study results showed that with the care stress as an endogenous variable, the daily life function and maladjustment behavior of adult children and the health state of parents had a significant direct effect on the psychological well-being of parents. With care satisfaction as an endogenous variable, family support, expert support and care stress had a significant direct effect. With the psychological well-being as an endogenous variable, care satisfaction and care stress had a significant effect, but the health state of parents didn't. In case of indirect effect, the care stress had a significant mediator effect on the effect of the physical function and maladjustment behavior of adult children and the health state of parents on the psychological well-being of parents. Care satisfaction had a significant mediator effect on the effect of family support, expert support and care stress on the psychological well-being of parents. According to the result of the Multiple Group Analysis, the path showed a statistically significant difference between gender was friend support→care satisfaction, care stress→psychological wellbeing, expert support→care satisfaction. On the basis of the study results, practical suggestions were made.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.143-162
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors which influence the degrees of parenting stress experienced by mothers within multicultural famiiles. This study will provide basic data which can be used to develop services and programs for multicultural families. The data were collected utilizing questionnaires administered to 155 mothers of multicultural families. The data were analyzed by means of ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression using the SPSS 18.0 program. The results were as follows : Firstly, the educational level, self-esteem, depression, and marital satisfaction of the mother are factors that significantly influence a mother's parenting stress within the context of a multicultural family. Secondly, the mother's psychological factor, including her self-esteem and depression, and the mother's educational level were the clearest indicators for their relative level of their parenting stress.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.11-22
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• 2008

This study was conducted to examine how family strengths are affected by parenting stress, socio-demographic factors and communication strategy, with a specific focus on mothers with young children. In total, 418 mothers of 4-5 years old children were included in this study. Higher education achievement was significantly related to higher communication strategy and better family strengths. However educational background had no effect on degree of parenting stress. Lower household income was related to higher parenting stress while higher income resulted in stronger family strengths. However family income showed no correlation with communication strategy. Lower parenting stress and higher communication strategy contributed to better family strengths, The most influential factor of family strengths was parenting stress.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.103-119
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• 2014

This study focuses on the relationship between time management behavior and parenting stress of mothers with developmentally disabled children. The participants of this study were 162 mothers whose children have developmental disabilities and attend pre-school and social welfare centers for early education. This study investigates the time management behaviors of the participants, and whether these behaviors have an effect on their time management satisfaction and parenting stress. The findings were as follows: 1) The time management behaviors of the participants were lower than average, scoring 2.87 out of 5. The order of dimensional scores from highest to lowest were sequencing, planning, recording habits, evaluating, and setting goals. 2) Time management satisfaction and parenting stress for the participants exhibited a negative correlation. 3) Adaptation behaviors of the children and time management behaviors of the mothers were factors that had significant effects on the mothers' parenting stress. These results showed the importance of time management for mothers with developmentally disabled children.