• Title/Summary/Keyword: 액체-액체 계

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Quality Analysis of Fly Ash Through Correlation between Density by Hydrometer and Test Report (Hydrometer법을 이용한 밀도 측정값과 시험 성적서간 상관분석을 통한 플라이애시의 품질특성 분석)

  • Song, Heung-Ho;Han, Cheon-Goo
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.305-312
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    • 2017
  • To evaluate the reliability of fly ash quality supplied to ready-mixed concrete plant using mass cylinder and hydrometer, in this research, the correlationship between the fly ash properties provided from certification and density measurement with suspension was evaluated. As a result, the reliability of the certification, except fineness and loss on ignition, all properties had a discord. Additionally, in the case of density, fineness, and L.O.I, the relation with the density measured using hydrometer showed high correlation, especially fineness was strongly related with the density measured using hydrometer. Furthermore, according to the comparative analysis with previous research, the fly ash used in this research was similar measurement with raw powder without any refining process, it is considered that the constant error of blaine test or using raw ash sample as a fly ash. In current standard regarding fly ash, the fineness range of class 2 can be changed from $3,000-4,500cm^2/g$ to $3,500-4,500cm^2/g$ for improved quality of fly ash in fineness aspect.

The Development of Expression Process Leading to Ethanol Production with Highly Active Cellulase Modified by Directed Evolution (목질계 Cellulose로부터의 Ethanol의 경제적인 생산공정을 위하여 분자진화에 의한 활성이 획기적으로 증가된 Cellulase의 대량 발현공정 개발)

  • Kang, Whan-Koo;Jeung, Jong-Sik;Kim, Hyang-Sik;Kim, Bum-Change;Yun, Ji-Sun;Park, Hyang-Su
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.16-21
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    • 2007
  • Although Energy demands of modern society increase rapidly, current energy would be exhausted shortly. Therefore development of bio-ethanol production process from cellulose containing materials was extremly demanded. Therefore development of highly functional cellulase is requisite for this purpose. In this study cellobio-hydrolase (CBH1) gene from Trichorderma reesei was used to increase cellulase activity by directed evolution and highly functional cellobio-hydrolase was obtained and characterized.

Modulation of Ethanol-Induced P450 Enzyme Activities and Antioxidants in Mice by Hordeum vulgare Extract (만성 알코올 급여 흰쥐에서 보리 추출물 섭취가 Cytochrome P450 효소 조절 및 항산화계에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Yoo-Hyun;Lee, Jeong-Min;Im, Eun-Jeong;Jun, Woo-Jin;Cho, Hong-Yon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.38 no.10
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    • pp.1347-1352
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    • 2009
  • The effects of methanol extract of barely (Hordeum vulgare) on alcohol-induced damages of liver were investigated in male ICR mice. Mice were divided into three groups, control, ethanol, and ethanol plus 0.15% of barley extract. After four weeks of ethanol feeding, ethanol group significantly increased the P450 content, CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzyme activities, whereas ethanol plus barely group markedly decreased to levels similar to control group. Catalase activity in ethanol group was significantly lower than that in control group; however, ethanol plus barely group stimulated catalase activity as well as SOD activity significantly. These results indicated that barely extract modulated P450 enzymes for ethanol-induced liver damage and might be useful in developing functional food for alcoholic liver damage.

Properties of Polymer Electrolytes based on PEO-LiClO$_4$ Matrix Fabricated by Sol-Gel Process (솔-젤 법으로 만든 PEO-LiClO$_4$에 기초한 고분자 전해질의 물성)

  • 박영욱;이동성
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.265-270
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    • 2003
  • In spite of high ionic conductivity, the polymer gels have poor mechanical properties and high reactivity with lithium metal anode. To solve these problems, the dry solid systems and polymer composites have been intensively studied, due to their good mechanical, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical stability. The objectives of this experiment were to improve ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of the solid polymer electrolytes based on PEO-LiClO$_4$. To obtain higher ionic conductivity and better mechanical properties, ceramic or rubber phase was added in the PEO-LiClO$_4$(8:1) matrix. The results showed that ionic conductivity and mechanical properties were improved. The ionic conductivity of the samples was as high as 10$\^$-5/ S cm$\^$-1/. This value is similar to the best ionic conductivity ever reported in the solid drying system. To obtain better results, we used PEO with various molecular weights (600∼8000) and changed the salt contents. By using DSC, we found that the addition of salt reduced the crystallinity of PEO. The mobility of polymer dependence on salt contents was examined by FT-IR.

버섯의 항암효과 -영자 균사체 다당류의 항종양 활성-

  • 이준우
    • Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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    • 1997.06b
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    • pp.13-14
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    • 1997
  • 영지의 약리효과는 triterpenoid계의 저분자와 polysaccharide인 고분자로 대별할 수 있다. 저분자 물질은 항염증작용, 항알러지작용, 간암세포 성장 억제작용, 혈압 강하작용, 혈소판 응집저해작용 등이 있으며, 고분자 물질은 혈압강하작용, 정혈작용, 고지혈증 개선작용, 혈당 강하작용, 면역 증강작용 및 항종양작용 등이 있는 것으로 알려졌다. 현재까지의 영지에 관한 연구는 주로 자실체에 대한 연구가 주류를 이루고 있으며 이들의 산지, 환경조건, 채집시기 및 실험자들에 따라 약리 효과 등에 많은 차이가 있다. 이들에 대한 효과가 영지의 대표적 약리효과라고 언급하기엔 부족한 점이 많으므로 약리효과가 우수하고 일관성이 있는 영지 유래 다당류를 얻기 위한 방법으로서는 균사체의 대량배양법 및 분리방법이 확립 되어야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 항암활성 다당류의 개발을 위해 국내 자생 영지를 채집하여 검색 및 계통적 분류를 행하였으며 분리된 균주의 최적 액체배양 조건, 다당류 분리 조건, 다당류의 물리화학적 특성 및 약리활성 등에 관한 연구를 실시하였다. 그 중 약리활성이 우수한 G- lucidum IY009 균주를 선발 하였다. 구조적 특징과 종양 면역 활성과의 관계 규명을 위해, G- lucidum IY009 배양균사체로부터 다당류를 T-AS, U-AS, M-AS, S 및 H로 분획 하였다. 추출조건에 따른 다당류 GLG의 수율은 열수 추출 분획이 2.98g/l로 가장 높았으며, U-AS및 T-AS에서 각각 2.32g/l, 2.07g/l이었다. GLG의 특성을 조사하기 위하여 수용성과 비수용성으로 분리한 결과 수용성 분획은 비수용성 분획보다 높은 당 함량을 나타냈으며, T-AS는 70.3%의 당과 7.8%의 단백질로 구성 되었다. GLG 대부분의 분획들은 60~93%의 glucose로 구성된 다당류 이었으며, 주로 $\beta$-glucose로 구성된 다당류 이었다. 아미노산은 Asp 및 Glu의 산성 아미노산과 Ala, Leu 등의 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 비알칼리 추출물에서 Ser과 Thr의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 다당류 T-AS는 평균 분자량이 2,000 kD와 12kD에서 주 peak를 나타냈으며, 수용성 분획의 평균 분자량은 12kD이고 비수용성 분획은 36~2,000 kD의 평균 분자량 분포를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. IR과 NMR 분석 결과 890 cm-1에서 흡수 peak를 나타내어 $\beta$-(1,3)0glucan과 $\beta$-(1,6)-glucan의 구조를 갖는 다당류로 확인 되었다. T-AS 분획은 C:H:O:N의 함량비가 38.9:5.7:49.6:1.84%이며, 이 물질의 융점은 163 $^{\circ}C$로 연한 갈색을 나타낸다. 분리된 GLG의 항암활성 기전 규명을 위해, in vivo 항암실험, 항보체 활성능, 항체 생성능, serum protein 분비능, 대식세포의 탐식능과 활성능 및 세포간 물질 분비 등의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 다당류 GLG 분획물들 가운데 항보체의 활성이 높았던 분획은 sarcome 180에 대한 항암 활성이 높게 나타났다. 다당류 T-AS의 보체 활성화 기작은 classical과 alternative complement pathway의 양 경로를 통해 활성화 되었다. T-AS 분획은 mouse내의 특정 혈청단백을 증가시켰으며, 항체 생성능의 증가가 관찰되어 effect T 세포의 활성화가 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. T-AS는 생체내 투여시에 대식세포의 탐식능이 증진되었으며, 대식세포 기능 저해제에 의한 대식세포의 기능 저해 현상이 회복되었다. 이와 같은 결과들로부터, T-AS의 항암 활성은 활성화된 보체 성분 및 당 수용체들이 존재하는 대식세포의 개입을 시사한다.

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Utilization of Fermentable Carbohydrates in Feed Manufacturing and in Enzyme of Poultry Feed (사료 제조에서 발효 가능한 탄수화물 이용과 가금 사료에서 효소의 처리에 관한 연구)

  • Nahm, K.H.
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.239-248
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    • 2006
  • Improvements in understanding the effects of dietary fermentable carbohydrates and their interaction with supplemental feed enzymes and the feed manufacturing process may lead to reductions in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from poultry manure. Starch digestibility has been improved by replacing ground wheat or barley with whole wheat or barley, but there was no consistent effect of cereal species or feed form on the pH value of the gizzard contents. Pelleting results in improvements in feed conversion from 0 to 12%. Starch digestibility has been reported to account for up to 35 % of the improvement in available metabolic energy as a result of xylase supplementation. Factors which affect starch utilization and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) absorption include the presence of anti-nutrient facto. (ANF) in grains, the nature of grain starch, NSP and the digestive capacity of animals. Improvements in feed production technology have been made in enzyme stabilization, allowing some dry enzyme products to be pelleted after conditioning at up to $87.69^{\circ}C$ and liquid enzymes to be stored in the feed mill for up to low months prior to use. The soluble NSP, arabinokylans and beta-glucans are partially degraded into smaller fragments by enzymes. With fragmentation, the water holding capacity is decreased, which leads to a reduction in digesta moisture, wet feces, and dirty eggs from hens fed diets containing viscosity-inducing ingredients.

Study on 222Rn reduction rate in boiling groundwater (가열에 의한 지하수 중 222Rn 제거율 고찰)

  • Kim, MoonSu;Kim, Hyun-Koo;Park, Sun-Wha;Kim, Hyoung-Seop;Ju, Byoung-Kyu;Kim, Dong-Su;Cho, Sung-Jin;Yang, Jae-Ha;Kwon, Oh-Sang;Kim, Tae-Seung
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 2015
  • Boiling is an efficient removal method to reduce radon in groundwater when ventilating indoor air. 13 groundwater samples with various radon concentrations were used to evaluate the reduction rate of radon with heating temperature and time. The groundwater samples were obtained by Bladder pump and on-situ measurements such as dissolved oxygen (DO) and hydrogen concentration (pH) and so on were carried out by a flow cell system isolated from the ambient atmosphere environment. All samples for measuring radon in groundwater were analyzed by liquid scintillation counter (LSC). The experiment result showed that increasing groundwater temperature enhanced radon removal rate but the initial radon concentration with high level lowered the removal rate. This means that radon reduction in groundwater by heating needs more heating energy and longer heating time with radon concentrations. Radon removal rate in groundwater, therefore, mainly depends on the initial radon concentration, heating temperature, and heating time.

QA/QC for 222Rn analysis in groundwater (지하수 중 222Rn 분석을 위한 정도관리)

  • Jeong, Do Hwan;Kim, Moon Su;Kim, Hyun Koo;Kim, Hye Jin;Park, Sun Hwa;Han, Jin Seok;Ju, Byoung Kyu;Jeon, Sang Ho;Kim, Tae Seung
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.86-90
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    • 2013
  • $^{222}Rn$ concentrations in the groundwater samples without standard material due to the short half-life (3.82 day) were measured through the establishment of the counting efficiency of LSC (Liquid Scintillation Counter) using a standard source of $^{226}Ra$. This study for Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) of $^{222}Rn$ analysis was performed to analyze blank samples, duplicate samples, samples of groundwater sampling before and after. In-situ blank samples collected were in the range of 0.44~6.28 pCi/L and laboratory samples were in the range of 1.66~4.95 pCi/L. Their correlation coefficient was 0.9691 and the source contamination from sampling, migration and keeping of samples were not identified. The correlation coefficient between original and duplicate samples from 65 areas was 0.9987. Because radon is an inert gas, in case of groundwater sampling, it is considered to affect the radon concentration. We analyzed samples separately by groundwater sampling before and after using distilled water, but there is no significant difference for $^{222}Rn$ concentrations in distilled waters of two types.

Optimization of $CO_2$ Direct Absorption Method for the Determination of Carbon-14 in Environmental Samples (환경시료중의 방사성탄소 측정을 위한 $CO_2$ 직접흡수법의 최적화 연구)

  • Cho, Soo-Young;Woo, Hyung-Joo;Chun, Sang-Ki
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.237-242
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    • 1998
  • The goal of this work was to optimize the liquid scintillation counting techniques for the determination of C-14 in environmental samples such as biological and air samples. Carbon-14 activities in most environmental samples were measured with direct $CO_2$ absorption method. The highest figure of merit was found through the variation of Carbosorb $E^{TM}$ and Permatluor $V^{TM}$ ratio, in the measurement windows. The best condition was 1:1 volume ratio. Average 2.35 g of $CO_2$ was reproducibly absorbed in the 20 ml mixture within 40 min. The counting efficiency determined by repeated analysis of NIST oxalic acid standard and the background count rate were measured to be $58.8{\pm}1.4%$ and $1.88{\pm}0.06\;cpm$, respectively in case of saturated solution. The correction curves of counting efficiency for partially saturated solutions and for saturated solutions with quenching were prepared, respectively. The overall uncertainty of the sample specific activity for near background levels was estimated to be about 7 % for 4 hours counting at 95 % confidence level. The long-term stability of samples has been checked for all the counting techniques over a two week periods, and no apparent change in counting efficiency and background level was found at that time.

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Efficacy of Chemical Sanitizers in Reducing Levels of Foodborne Pathogens and Formation of Chemically Injured Cells on Cabbage (양배추에 오염된 병원성 미생물의 저해 및 화학적 손상세포 생성에 있어서의 화학적 살균소독제의 효과)

  • Choi, Mi-Ran;Oh, Se-Wook;Lee, Sun-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.37 no.10
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    • pp.1337-1342
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to investigate effects of chemical sanitizers on inhibiting foodborne pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), and E scherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7), on cabbages. Cabbages were inoculated with the culture cocktail of pathogens and treated with water, 100 ppm commercial chlorine, and 50, 100, and 200 ppm chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) for 1, 5, and 10 min at room temperature ($22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$). Treatments with water did not significantly reduce levels of three pathogens whereas other treatments with chemical sanitizers significantly reduced levels of three pathogens. Treatment with 200 ppm $ClO_2$ for 10 min was the most effective at inhibiting pathogens and reduction levels were 1.90, 1.92, and 1.98 log CFU/g for L. monocytogens, S. Typhimurium, and E. coli O157:H7, respectively. Levels of reduction were increased with the increase of $ClO_2$ concentrations. When chemically injured cells were investigated, there were no significant differences on the levels of injured cells between before and after treatment with commercial chlorine and $ClO_2$. These results suggest that $ClO_2$ can be used as an alternative sanitizer for reducing pathogens on fresh produces.