• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.1 s.69
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• pp.12-19
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• 2006

Rice straw is one or the main renewable energy sources in Korea. Bio-oil is produced from rice straw with a lab-scale equipment mainly with a fluidized bed and a char removal system. It was investigated how the reaction temperature affected the production of bio-oil and the efficiency of a char removal system. To elucidate how the temperature depended on the production of bio-oil, experiments were conducted at $466^{\circ}C,\;504^{\circ}C\;and\;579^{\circ}C$, respectively. The mass balance was established in each experiment, and the produced gas and oil were analyzed with the aid of GCs and a GC-MS system. The char removal system is composed of a cyclone and a hot filter. Tn the experiments, we observed that the production of bio-oil was decreased with temperature, and the bio-oil contained very useful chemicals.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.837-845
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• 2013

An airlift pump can be used to pump liquids and sediments within itself, which cannot easily be pumped up by a conventional method, by using the airlift effect. This characteristic of the airlift pump can be exploited in a DCFC (Direct Carbon Fuel Cell) so that molten fuel with high temperature may be carried or transported. The basic characteristics of airlift are investigated. A simple system is constructed, where the reservoir is filled with water, a tube is inserted, and air is supplied from the bottom of the tube. Then, water is lifted and its flow rate is measured. Bubble patterns in the tube are observed in a range of air flow rates with the parameters of the tube diameter and submergence ratio, leading to four distinct regimes. The pumping performance is predicted, and the correlation between the supplied gas flow rate and the induced flow rate of water is found.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 1985

The main purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of the wall thickness, the ultrasonic frequency, and the acoustic impedance of wall material on the liquid-film thickness measurement by an ultrasonic pulse echo method. A series of liquid-film thickness measurements in a horizontal air-water stratified system was performed employing a plate-type and a tube-type test sections. Measurements were repeated changing (1) the wall thickness of the test section and (2) the transducer frequency. Also, in an effort to improve the accuracy of the measurement and to exam me the effect of acoustic impedance of wall material on the measurement by an ultrasonic technique, two different stand-off rods, one made of stainless steel and the other polyacrylate, were used in the liquid-film thickness measurement. These experimental results are discussed and compared with the actual film thicknesses.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2017

The validity of friction factor theory, based upon conventional-sized passages for microchannel flows, is an active area of research. The high surface to volume ratio of a microchannel offers many advantages over macroscale devices and processes. This study focused on the laminar flow (16$161{\mu}m$ to $664{\mu}m$ for single-phase liquid flow. A controllable syringe pump was used to provide flow while a differential pressure transducer was used to record the pressure drop. These results demonstrated that a 3D printer can drastically simplify custom microchannel fabrication and still support complex features, which are typically only accessible with advanced fabrication techniques.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.549-555
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• 2015

A measurement technique of interfacial velocity in air-water separated flow by particle tracking velocimetry using an infrared camera (IR-PTV) was developed. As infrared light with wavelength in the range of 3-5 um could hardly penetrate water, IR-PTV can selectively visualize only the tracer particles existing in depths less than 20 um underneath the air-water interface. To validate the measurement accuracy of the IR-PTV technique, a measurement of the interfacial velocity of the air-water separated flow using Styrofoam particles floating in water was conducted. The interfacial velocity values obtained with the two different measurement techniques showed good agreement with errors less than 5%. It was found from the experimental results obtained using the developed technique that with increasing air velocity, the interfacial velocity proportionally increases, likely because of the increased interfacial stress.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.5-15
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• 1995

An application of the cross correlation technique by adopting ultrasonic waves for water pipe flow measuring purpose is studied. It is a non-intrusive flow metering method by determining the time of the flight of the flow turbulent noise and its non-obstructing mechanism enables to reduce process energy loss due to the flowmeter obstruction. A digital signal processor for the purpose of the real time Fourier transform was employed for the fast time calculation of the flow velocity. The overall accuracy was found as about $1\%$ for flow velocities from 0.25 m/s up to 16 m/s and for the pipe inside diameters from 50mm to 248mm. The cross correlation technique can be used for the tap water utility including most common liquid flows.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.266-269
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• 2003

During liquid rocket engine combustion, the resulting combustion gas has flow characteristics of high temperature and high velocity. An experimental study was performed to obtain basic data for a flame deflector design that is endurable under such flow characteristics. While the injected-water cools down the combustion plume, temperature and pressure of the plume was measured. As the experiment is being performed, gas temperature was measured using infrared cameras, and the gas temperature data was compared with the temperature data from the sensor in the plume. With the results of this experiment, we were able to obtain applicable temperature data for flame deflector design and predict the performance and structural strength required for installation of water injector.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 1987

In this paper the liquid sloshing effects in vertical storage tanks under earthquake loadings are studied. The study focuses on the investigation of the effect of the flexibility of the tank wall on the hydrodynamic forces exerted on it. The tank structure is modelled using finite elements. The motion of the liquid is expressed by the Laplace equation. The equation of motion of the fluid shell system is formulated including the coupling effect between the shell motion and the sloshing motion. A procedure is developed to obtain the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the sloshing motion as well as the shell vibration. Dynamic analyses have been carried out for several tanks with different dynamic characteristics utilizing the time history method as well as the response spectra method.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.207-220
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• 2012

There are around 7,500 manure tanks to treat the manures from pigs in Korea. In the tank, there are too much sediments deposited on the base and wall, which causes low efficiency of stock capacity and manure fermentation. In order to minimize sediments and to ferment manure effectively, we developed a 2-fluid jet mixer for mixing sediments in liquid livestock manure tank. For developing the prototype, we tested a factorial experimental system with various nozzles, and simulated CFD models with two kinds of nozzle arrangement. From the results of factorial experiment and CFD simulation, we concluded the dia. ratio of primary : secondary nozzle should be 1:2 and the nozzles should be arranged at the same distances toward to the circumferential direction. With this results, we manufactured a 2-fluid jet mixer which is consists of four 2-phase nozzles, centrifugal slurry pump and root's type air blower. And, we carried out the performance test of the prototype in the round shaped liquid manure tank in the farm. The performance test results showed that the uniformity of TS (Total Solid) and VS (Volatile Solid) was raised from 21.3 g/L, 13.3 g/L In steady state to TS and VS to 23.0 g/L, 14.1 g/L in the mixing operation. Therefore, we could conclude that the prototype of 2-fluid mixer could make the solid material which could be sediments in the tank not to be deposited in the tank and to be contacted to air bubbles which could enhance the efficiency of the fermentation of livestock manure.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2011

The adhesive-tape of a liquid leak film sensor including the alarm system is developed. The sensing film is composed of three layers such as base film layer, conductive line layer, and protection film layer. The thickness of film is 300~500 um, the width is 3.55 cm, and the unit length is 200 m. On the conductive line layer, three conducting lines and one resistive line are formulated by the electronic printing method with a conducting ink of silver-nano size. When a liquid leaks for the electricity to be conducted between the conductive line and the resistive line, the position of leakage is monitored by measuring the voltage varied according to the change of resistance between two lines. The error range of sensing position of 200 m film sensor is ${\pm}1m$.