• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.41-46
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• 1997

TiN 코팅은 마모에 대한 저항성 및 고체 윤활 효과가 매우 우수하여 내마모성 및 저마찰이 요구되는 절삭공구나 피스톤 베어링 및 각종 축계의 코팅막으로 사용이 증가되고 있다. 일반적으로 재료의 경도와 인성은 서로 상반 관계를 갖고 있어 공학적으로 경도와 인성을 모두 요구하는 표면을 얻기 위해 연질 모재 위의 세라믹 코팅은 그 요구를 만족시킬 수 있는 가장 각광받는 표면처리 방법중의 하나이다. 그러나, TiN과 같은 경질 박막의 공학적 적용시 가장 요구되는 마모수명은 모재의 조도나 경도, 증착 방법, 접촉 상태, 코팅막의 두께 및 마모의 발생 기구 등에 따라 마찰 및 마모 메커니즘의 현저한 차이를 나타내기 때문에 예측이 거의 불가능한 실정이고, 아직까지 이러한 마모수명 비교 평가방법에 대한 기준 설정 및 정량적 정립이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 모재의 경도, 조도, 코팅 두께가 다른 TiN 경질 박막에 압입시험과 스크래치시험시 발생되는 균열 발생 메커니즘과 미끄럼 시험시 발생되는 마모 메커니즘의 연계성을 밝히고 압입 및 스크래치 시험시 코팅막이 손상되는 임계하중과 미끄럼 시험시 접촉하중 변화에 따른 마모수명의 정량적 연관성을 찾아보고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 2004

Reliability of welded structures in power plant facilities is very important, and their reliability evaluation requires exact materials properties. But, the conventional PQR (Procedure Qualification Record) can hardly reflect the real material properties in the field because the test is only done on specimens with simulated welding. Therefore, a continuous indentation technique is proposed in this study for simple and non-destructive testing of in-field structures. This test measures the indentation load-depth curve during indentation and analyzes the mechanical properties such as the yield strength, tensile strength and work hardening index. This technique has been applied to evaluate the tensile properties of the weldment in the main steam pipe and hot reheater pipe in power plants under construction and in operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.26-31
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• 2003

Aging aircraft accumulates widespread fatigue damage commonly referred to as multiple site damage(MSO). For ductile material such as 2024-T3 aluminum, MSO may lower the service life below that which is predicted by conventional fracture mechanics. The present paper is concerned with the fatigue life extension by pre-indentation technique for thin 2024-T3 aluminum plate to decelerate the crack propagation rate in the panels with MSO. The panel with fastener holes can be simply modelled by Hole/Slot type Middle-Tension specimen. Results of fatigue testing show significantly improving failure cycles from 10 to 40 times. This retardation effect is decreased by increasing the loading level in the constant amplitude loading. In the sense of retardation mechanism, the crack propagation rate is gradually attenuated by entering the indentation mark and maintains at the lowest value for a long period after the edge of crack passes the center of indentation area.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2012

This paper discusses two different techniques used to measure the mechanical properties of thin films: the bulge test and the nanoindentation test. In the bulge test, a uniform pressure is applied to one side of the film. Measurement of the membrane deflection as a function of the applied pressure allows one to determine the mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, and the residual stress. A nanoindentation test is performed by pushing an indenter tip into the specimen and then withdrawing it, and then recording the indentation force as a function of the indenter position. A modified King's model is used to estimate the mechanical properties of the thin film in order to avoid the effects of the substrate layers. A combination of both the bulge test and the nanoindentation test can determine both Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio simultaneously.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2008

Instrumented sharp indentation test is a well-directed method to measure hardness and elastic modulus. The sharp indenter such as Berkovich and conical indenters have a geometrical self-similarity in theory, but the self-similarity ceases to work in practice due to inevitable indenter tip-blunting. In this study we analyzed the load-depth curves of conical indenter with finite tip-radius via finite element method. Using the numerical regression data obtained from Kick's law, we first confirmed that loading curvature is significantly affected by tip radius as well as material properties. We then established a new method to evaluate Young's modulus, which successfully provides the value of elastic modulus with an average error of less than 2%, regardless of tip-radius and material properties of both indenter and specimen.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1229-1237
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• 2013

In this study, the theory of spherical indentation based on incremental plasticity is extended to an indentation method for evaluating creep properties. Through finite element analysis (FEA), the point where the elastic strain effect is negligible and the creep strain gradient constant is taken as the optimum point for obtaining the equivalent strain rate and stress. Based on FE results for spherical indentation with various values of creep exponent and creep coefficient, we derive by regression an equation to calculate creep properties using two normalized variables. Finally a program is generated to calculate creep exponent and creep coefficient. With this method, we obtain from the load-depth curve creep exponents with an average error of less than 1.5 % and creep coefficients with an average error of less than 1.0 %.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2000

Effects of microstructure and indentation stress on fracture behavior of glass-infiltrated alumina composite for dental restorative application were investigated by the Hertzian and Vickers indentation method. Indentation stress-strain curve of glass-infiltrated alumina has showed the quasi-plastic behavior - deviation from linearity at high stress and the classical Hertzian cone crack, which could be confirmed the subsurface damage micrographs using bonded-interface specimen technique. The indentation stress-strain curves for the starting preforms are strongly dependent on porosity and microstructure of the preforms. On the other hand, the curves for the infiltrated composites are relatively insensitive to these factors. The failure of composite is originated at quasi-plastic deformation region. Damage and fracture behavior due to Hertzian stress field is theoretically examined, so that the indentation stress field plays a great role in material degradation. After Hertzian indentation annealing processing changes fracture behavior of alumina composite, so that stress field in material is healed through annealing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.6967-6972
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• 2014

Assembly using a bolt and nut, and rivet or pin have been used widely for forming mechanical joints. The indent method is an easier process than other manufacturing techniques and the toughness of the material is excellent. On the other hand, there are many cases in which the cracks occur on the manufacturing process as the indent method. Therefore, two kinds of models, in which a pin goes into and out PCB plate in this study were developed using the CATIA program and finite element methods were performed using the ANSYS program. When a pin was passed through a PCB plate in cases 1 and 2, the maximum loads applied to the PCB plate were 79.708N and 90.277N, respectively. When the PCB plate came out of the pin in cases 1 and 2, the maximum loads were 63.783N and 33.75N, respectively. The damage prevention and durability can be improved by applying the study results to the design of real indentation.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.677-683
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• 2000

Three- and five-layer 3Y-YZP/12Ce- TZP composites prepared by a slip casting method have been char­acterized in terms of mechanical properties. The fracture strength of mutilayer c$\alpha$nposites determined in a diametral compression test was 327~534 MPa. Although the indentation strength of the materials was generally reduced with i increasing Vickers indentation load up to 300 N, the damage resistance of multilayer composites was superior com­pared to monolithic layer TZP material. The four-point bend strength of the layered material remained at the values of 620~674 MPa after indentation with a load of 49 N, while that of the monolithic TZP material was 129~339 MPa. The microindentation toughness of the multilayer material was $7.7~13.1\;MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.527-533
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• 1999

Hertzian indentation tests with spherical indenters in water were conducted to examine the contact fatigue in three dental ceramics, such as feldspathic porcelain, micaceous glass-ceramic (MGC) and glass-infiltrated alumina, which was used as dental restorations, and evaluated the effect of contact damage on strength. Initial damage was dependent of microstructure, showing cone cracks of brittle behavior in the feldspathic porcelain and deformation of quasi-plastic behavior in the MGC, with an intermediate case in the glass-infiltrated alumina. However, as increasing the number of cyclic loading (n=1~n =$10^6$)all materials showed an abrupt strength degradation, at which fracture was originated from damage in the contact fatigue. There were two strength degradation with increasing the number of cyclic loading in specific loads (200N, 500N, 1000N):first was from the cone cracks, and second was from the radial cracks created by cyclic loading. The radial cracks, once formed, led to rapid degradation in strength properties, Finally the material was failed at the high number of cyclic loading. Strength degradation with indentation load at fixed number of cyclic loading indicated that the feldspathic porcelain should be highly damage tolerant to the contact fatigue.