• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.9
• /
• pp.1224-1230
• /
• 2012

Cancer chemotherapy drugs command a large share of the market, and the development of new therapeutics with high efficacy and specificity is an active area of study. Recently, the development of cancer therapeutics from natural products targeting angiogenesis has drawn attention due to conventional chemotherapeutics showing serious side effects and resistance in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological efficacy of Gomisin A, an active ingredient of Schizandra chinensis baillon, on tumor growth and metastasis. Administration of Gomisin A at 10 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ reduced tumor growth in vivo by $80.5{\pm}8.1%$ and $96.2{\pm}2%$, respectively, compared with positive tumor controls. Treatment of Gomisin A in normal and various tumor cell lines did not exert significant toxicity. Mice treated with Gomisin A at a concentration of 10 and 100 ${\mu}g$/head showed a significant reduction in tumor-induced angiogenesis of $151{\pm}16.9%$ and $98.5{\pm}29.5%$, respectively. Furthermore, tumor metastasis analysis revealed that the administration of Gomisin A at a concentration of 10 and 100 ${\mu}g$/head inhibited tumor metastasis by $13.5{\pm}8.56%$ and $58.3{\pm}9.12%$, respectively. In addition, Gomisin A significantly decreased cell adhesion of the B16BL6 cells to the extracellular matrix. These results demonstrate that Gomisin A inhibits tumor growth via suppression of angiogenesis and tumor metastasis inhibition, without cellular toxicity. The pharmacological efficacy of Gomisin A suggests that it may be a potential candidate for the development of cancer drugs.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.398-402
• /
• 2011

Cruciferous vegetables including diindolylmethane (DIM) have been shown to have anticancer activity. Especially, DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF used in this study was reported to have more effective and less toxic effects than DIM. However, there is no report presenting their anti-tumorigenic activity in oral cancer. In the present study, we examined the effects of DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF on the cell proliferation and apoptosis in KB human oral cancer cells. DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis evidenced by western blot analysis, DAPI staining and sub-$G_1$ population. This provides the first evidence that DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF originating from Cruciferous vegetables induce apoptotic cell death in human oral cancer cells to inhibit cancer cell proliferation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.10
• /
• pp.711-720
• /
• 2003

Bakground : Complete resection by the surgery has been selected as the treatment of choice in lung cancer patients, but in cases of recurrence after excision or inoperable cases, the importance of anticancer chemotherapy has been emphasized. If one can select a set of the sensitive chemotherapeutic agents before anticancer chemotherapy, it will give more favourable results. Subrenal capsular assay has been recognized as a useful in-vivo chemosensitivity test of thoracic and abdominal tumors and it can be done in a short time for a rapid interpretation of tumor responsiveness to anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs. It has been reported that various kinds of cancer cells can be implantable to the kidney, but so far there is no comparative study of xenogeneic cell implantation on liver, spleen and kidney. The author implanted the human lung cancer cells under the capsule of S.D rat's liver, spleen and kidney respectively and compared the pattern of growth and histology. Material and Method: After incubation of human lung cancer cell line (SW-900 G IV) in RPMI 1640 (Leibovitz L-15 medium) culture media, 3${\times}$3${\times}$3 mm size fibrin clots which contain 108 cancer cells were made. Thereafter the fibrin clots were implanted at subcapsule area of liver, spleen and kidney of S.D. female rat. For immune suppression, cyclosporin-A (80 mg/Kg) was injected subcutaneously daily from post-implantation first day to sixth day. The body weight was measured at pre and post implantation periods. The growth pattern and the size of tumor mass were observed and the pathologic examination and serum tumor marker tests were performed. Result: Body weight increased in both of control and experimental groups. Serum Cyfra 21-1 was not detected. Serum levels of CEA and NSE revealed no significant change. The SCC-Ag increased significantly in implanted group. The growth rate of human lung cancer cells which was implanted on spleen was higher than on liver or kidney. The surface area, thickness, and volume of tumor mass were predominant at spleen. The success rates of implantation were 80% on kidney, 76.7% on spleen and 43.3% on liver. Pathologic examination of implanted tumors showed characteristic findings according to different organs. Tumors that were implanted on kidney grew in a round shape, small and regular pattern. In the spleen, tumors grew well and microscopic neovascularization and tumor thrombi were also found, but the growth pattern was irregular representing frequent daughter mass. Human lung cancer cells that were implanted in the liver, invaded to the liver parenchyme, and had low success rate of implantation. Microscopically, coagulation necrosis and myxoid fibrous lesion were observed. Conclusion: The success rate of implantation was highest in the kidney. And the mass revealed regular growth that could be measured easily. The SCC-Ag was presented earlier than CEA or Cyfra21-1. The Cyfra21-1 was not detected at early time after implantation. The best model for tumor implantation experiment for chemosensitivity test was subrenal capsular analysis than liver and spleen and the useful serum tumor marker in early period of implantation was the SCC-Ag.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.9
• /
• pp.1302-1307
• /
• 2005

In this study, we investigated the anticarcinogenic and antioxidative activities of Rhodiola sachalinensis (RS). Hexane (RSMH), ethylether (RSMEE), ethylacetate (RSMEA), butanol (RSMB), aqueous (RSMA) fractions and methanol extract (RSM) were screened for their growth inhibition effects using 3- (4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on HepG2, HeLa, MCF-7 and HT-29 cells. The anticarcinogenic effects of RSMEE was most significant when tested on MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines at the concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$ which resulted about $84\%\;and\;90\%$ on MCF-7 and HepG2 cells, respectively. The quinone reductase (QR)-inducing activity of RSMH on HepG2 cells was 3.5 times higher compared with the control at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Antioxidative activities of RSM, RSMEE, RSMEA and RSMB showed about $80\%$ of electron donating activity (EDA) which were very similar to that of vitamin C as a control. We observed morphological changes of shrinking and the blebbing of HepG2 cancer cell membranes depending on the concentration of RSMEE.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.649-654
• /
• 2006

To enhance beneficial effects of citron fruits, anticancer and antioxidant activities of citron fruits extracts were assessed with or without ascorbic acid. Total phenolic acids and flavonoids of fruits peels and flesh extracts were determined. Fruits peels contained more phenolic acids and flavonoids than those detected in flesh extracts. Scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and reducing powers were increased depending on the concentration. The antioxidant activities on oxidation of linoleic acid emulsion incubated at $50^{\circ}C$ were increased but the effect was small to that of butylated hydroxy toluene and ascorbic acid. The anti-tumorigenic effect of these compounds were investigated. They were shown to inhibit the in vitro proliferation of four human tumorigenic cell lines, HT-29, MCF-7, DU-145 and HepG2, in a doso-dependent manner. This study demonstrated that the antioxidant and anticancer activities of citron fruits extracts were derived from their phenols and flavonoids.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.12
• /
• pp.1392-1399
• /
• 2016

Jaspine B is an anhydrophytosphingosine that is isolated from a marine sponge. Because of its structural similarity to sphingosine, it shows anti-cancer effects in human carcinomas. Therefore, this study aims to investigate its anti-proliferative effect on various cancer cells and to correlate its association with the intracellular accumulation of Jaspine B in relevant cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effect of Jaspine B in various cancer cells was determined by a cell viability test, and the intracellular concentration of Jaspine B in relevant cancer cells was determined using mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. The correlation coefficient and p value between the cytotoxicity and the cell accumulation of Jaspine B were determined using SPSS 16.1. The cytotoxicity of Jaspine B varied depending on the type of cancer cell when compared the $EC_{50}$ values of Jaspine B. Breast and melanoma cancer cells were susceptible to Jaspine B, whereas renal carcinoma cells were resistant. The intracellular concentrations of Jaspine B had a reciprocal correlation with the $EC_{50}$ values in the same cells (r = 0.838). The results suggested that the anti-proliferative effect of Jaspine B was associated with the cellular accumulation of this compound. However, Jaspine B was not a substrate for P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein, as major efflux pumps caused multidrug resistance. The maintenance of a high intracellular concentration is crucial for the cytotoxic effect of Jaspine B; however, efflux pumps may not be a controlling factor for Jaspine B-related resistance in cancer cells.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.332-337
• /
• 2013

The gene encoding for xylose isomerase from the thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima was cloned and recombinantly expressed in E. coli cells. Optimal activity was shown at $90^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.0. Treatment of saponin by recombinant xylose isomerase increased the growth inhibitory effect against human gastric cancer (AGS) cells and human colon cancer (HT-29) cells. On the other hand, treatment of fucoidan by the enzyme could not change the growth inhibitory effect against the same cancer cells. One ${\mu}g/ml$ of enzyme-treated saponin exhibited the same or higher growth inhibitory effect against both cancer cells compared with 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ of enzymeuntreated saponin. These results would be useful in the development of functional food or drug.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.1219-1225
• /
• 2011

Phytochemicals, non-nutrient chemicals derived from plants, have been shown to have anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and chemopreventive effects. In the current study, we investigated whether five different phytochemicals (resveratrol, genistein, epicatechin gallate, diallyl disulfide, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester) alter cell growth and gene expression in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. Using a cell viability assay, we found that each of the phytochemicals tested inhibited HCT116 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, using human oligo DNA microarray analysis, we found that only six genes were commonly up-regulated and seven genes were commonly down-regulated in response to each phytochemical treatment. For the commonly up-regulated genes, the microarray analysis was confirmed by reverse transcription.PCR using gene-specific primers. In addition, NAG-1 protein was up-regulated by all treated phytochemcials. The results of this study may help to enhance our understanding of the general molecular mechanisms of chemoprevention that are mediated by phytochemicals in human colorectal cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Statistical Society Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 2000

본 연구는 최근의 사회조사와 선거자료를 이용하여 한국사회의 지역주의의 특징을 살펴보고자 한다. 첫째, 최근의 선거결과에 보이는 지역주의적 투표는 지역간 사회적 거리를 잘 보여주고 있다. 둘째, 이러한 사회적 거리는 '편견과 차별'의 형태로 다양한 일상생활에서 존재하고 있다. 많은 사람들은 이러한 편견을 믿고 있으며, 편견에 의한 지역적 차별을 경험하고 있다. 특히 이러한 경험은 특정지역(호남)과 관련되어 있다. 셋째, 이러한 정치적 측면(지역주의적 투표)과 사회적 측면(지역간 편견)을 선거제도와 연결하여 살펴봄으로써, 앞으로 한국사회의 정치제도의 변화에 대한 전망을 할 수 있다. 연구의 잠재적인 가정은 선거에 있어서 지역적인 투표가 무조건 '나쁜' 것만은 아니라는 것이다. 한국 정치에서 나타나는 지도자나 이데올로기의 편향은 많은 사람들로 하여금 투표나 선거에서 출신지를 중요한 요소로 삼게 하였다. 이러한 요소는 쉽게 사라지지는 않을 것이며, 앞으로 선거제도의 변화에 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. 이러한 예측은 세 가지 중요한 요소에 근거하고 있다. 첫째, 유권자들의 지역주의에 대한 믿음과 예측은 쉽게 사라지지 않을 것이다. 둘째, 정치지도자들은 지역주의를 선거와 관련한 자신의 이익을 위해서 최대한 이용할 것이다. 셋째, 지역주의에 근거한 유권자들의 성향은 최근 선거와 투표에서 더욱 강화되고 있다. 정치엘리트들이 지역적인 기반을 중심으로 결합하려는 경향이 강해지고 있다. 이러한 경향은 이들 정치엘리트 사이의 내각중심제에 대한 선호도와 지역당의 출현 가능성을 증가시킬 것이다.도 설치행위의 처분성과 관련하여 횡단보도의 설치행위와 같은 일반적인 명령을 항고소송의 대상으로 할 필요성이 존재한다면 이른바 독일에서의 일반처분이라는 개념을 무리하게 받아들여 이를 행정행위의 한 유형으로 한다거나 우리 판례와 같이 "직접적이고 구체적인 법적 효과"를 미치는 명령이라는 명확치 않은 기준에 의하여 처분성을 인정하기보다는 일반적인 명령과 개별적인 행정행위를 구분하고 명령에 대하여도 취소소송의 대상으로 삼도록 하는 보다 명확하고 일관성 있는 논의전개를 제안하였다.수 있었다.로 첨가하여 48시간 배양한 후 암항원 유전자 발현성을 측정한 결과 세포주에 따라 다소 차이는 있으나 대개 0.2 uM농도에서도 유전자 발현이 유도되었으며 1, 5 uM농도에서 매우 강하게 유도되었다. ADC 처리가 페암세포주의 MHC와 B7 발현을 증가시키는가를 알아보기 위해 1 uM 농도의 ADC를 72시간 처치한 후 FACS 분석을 실시한 결과 4개의 페암세포주에서 MHC 및 B7분자의 발현은 유도되지 않았다. 또 ADC농도가 세포성장에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 ADC를 0.2, 1, 5 uM농도로 96시간 처치 후 세포수를 측정하여 상대성장지수를 알아본 결과 ADC 처치 농도가 증가함에 따라 세포의 성장은 매우 감소하였다. 결론: 폐암세포주에서 ADC처치는 MAGE, GAGE 및 NY-ESO-1과 같은 세포독성 T 림프구 반응을 유도할 수 있는 암항원의 발현을 증가시킬 수 있으며, ADC의 세포독성과 항원 발현 유발시간을 분석할 때 1 uM 농도에서 48시간 처치한 후 ADC가 없는 배지에서

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.80-85
• /
• 2005

The effect of 12 edible mushroom species on the antioxidant and cytotoxicity on cancer cells were studied Methanol extract of Lyophyllum ulmarium, Cordyceps militaris and Sarcodon aspratus showed $30\~60\%$ DPPH radical scavenging activity and $39\~53\%$ protective effects against the cytotoxicity of $B_2O_2$. Methanol extracts of Sarcodon aspratus, Lyophyllum ulmarium, Cordyceps militaris, Agaricus blazei and Ganoderma lucidum revealed high inhibitive activities in cytotoxicity on human leukemia tells such as promyelocytic leukemia cell (HL60) and histiocytic lymphoma cell (U937). Highest toxicity was observed against HL60 cells in Sarcodon aspratus methanol extract showing $70.5\%$ inhibition at 1mg/mL whereas Cordyceps militaris methanol extract showed $81.5\%$ inhibition against U937 cells. Most water extracts of edible mushrooms exhibited the lowest effect against HL60 and U937 cells compared to methanol extract. These extract did not show cytotoxic effects against human lymphocyte. Results revealed 5 kinds of edible murshroom (Cordyceps militaris, Agaricus blaxei, Lyophyllum ulmarium, Ganoderma lucidum and Sarcodon aspratus) have strong antioxidative and in vitro anticancer efforts.