• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2008

We investigated the growth inhibitory effect of Salicornia herbacea L. (SH) on human cancer cell lines in vitro. SH was extracted with methanol (SHM), followed by further fractionation into four subfractions according to polarity: hexane (SHMH), methanol (SHMM), butanol (SHMB), and aqueous (SHMA) soluble fractions. We determined the growth inhibitory effect of these fractions against human cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Among the four subfractions of SHM, the SHMM showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines. We also observed quinone reductase (QR)-inducing effect of methanol layer (SHMM) on HepG2 cells and it was determined to be 3.00 at $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ level compared to the control value of 1.0. The SHMM showed the highest induction activity of quinone reductase on HepG2 cells among the partition layers. The present work suggests that SH merits further study to confirm its chemopreventive potential.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1514-1519
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Porphyra tenera (PT) on cytotoxicity and quinone reductase (QR) activity in the cancer cells. PT was extracted with methanol and further fractionated into five different types: hexane (PTMH), ethyl-ether (PTMEE), ethylacetate (PTMEA) butanol (PTMB) and aquous (PTMA) partition layers. We determined the cytotoxic effect of these layers on C6, HepG2, MCF-7, and HT-29 cell lines by MTT assay. Among the various fractions, hexane (PTMH) of PT showed the strongest cytotoxic effect on C6, HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines. PTMH displayed very low level of cytotoxicity at the lower concentration levels and at 300 $\mu$g/mL. PTMH resulted in 87.5$\%$ growth inhibition on C6 cell 70 $\%$ on the HepG2 cell and 89$\%$ on the MCF-7 cell, which were significantly high compared to other fractions. A 400 $\mu$g/mL PTMH concentration level, 99$\%$, 94.5$\%$ and 99$\%$ of cell growth inhibition were resulted on the same cell lines. On HT-29 cell line, both hexane (PTMH) and aqueous (PTMA) fraction of PT showed cytotoxic effects, but the Percentage was not as high as previous results tested on other cell lines such as C6 HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines. Also, we observed quinone reductase (QR) inducing-effects in all fractions of PT on HepG2 cells. The QR inducing effects of the PTMH on HepG2 cells at 150 $\mu$g/mL concentration was 6.6 times higher than the control. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that PT was a potential to be used as a chemopreventive.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1302-1307
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the anticarcinogenic and antioxidative activities of Rhodiola sachalinensis (RS). Hexane (RSMH), ethylether (RSMEE), ethylacetate (RSMEA), butanol (RSMB), aqueous (RSMA) fractions and methanol extract (RSM) were screened for their growth inhibition effects using 3- (4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on HepG2, HeLa, MCF-7 and HT-29 cells. The anticarcinogenic effects of RSMEE was most significant when tested on MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines at the concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$ which resulted about $84\%\;and\;90\%$ on MCF-7 and HepG2 cells, respectively. The quinone reductase (QR)-inducing activity of RSMH on HepG2 cells was 3.5 times higher compared with the control at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. Antioxidative activities of RSM, RSMEE, RSMEA and RSMB showed about $80\%$ of electron donating activity (EDA) which were very similar to that of vitamin C as a control. We observed morphological changes of shrinking and the blebbing of HepG2 cancer cell membranes depending on the concentration of RSMEE.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effects of Gelidium amansii L., which using methanol, dichloromethane and ethanol were extracted and fractionated into four different types : methanol (GAMM), hexane (GAMH), butanol (GAME) and aqueous (GAMA). The antimicrobial activity was increased in proportion to its concentration by the paper disc method. Among the solvent fractions, The methanol partition layer (GAMM) showed the strongest antimicrobial activities and cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines. We also observed quinone reductase (QR) induced effects in all fraction layers of GA on HepG2 cells. The QR induced effects of GAMM on HepG2 cells at $40{\mu}g/mL$ concentration indicated 2.5 with a control value of 1.0.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2011

Anticancer activity of Acer mono aqueous extracts was enhanced by nano-encapsulation process of gelatin. The cytotoxicity on human normal lung cell (HEL299) of the extracts from WE (water extract at 100) showed 23.51%, lower than that from NE (nano-encapsulatioin of water extract of Acer mono) in adding the maximum concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. NE showed more potent scavenging effect as 73.15% than the WE. On SOD-like test, the NE showed highest activity as 32.33% at 1.0 mg/mL concentration. Human stomach adenocarcinoma, liver adenocarcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma cell growth were inhibited up to about 59-73%, in adding 1.0 mg/mL of NE. NE was 15% higher than conventional water extraction. Among several cancer cell lines (stomach adenocarcinoma, liver adenocarcinoma), the growth of digestive related cancer cells were most effectively inhibited as about 71-73%. The size of nano particles was in the ranges of 100-200 nm, which can effectively the penetrate into the cells, it was observed by real time confocal microscope. It tells that the aqueous extracts of Acer mono bark could be definitely enhanced by nano-encapsulation process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.671-679
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• 2016

Extracts from spinach, cabbage, and onion are known to possess various instructive characteristics, including antioxidant and anti-inflammation activities. Spinach, cabbage, and onion are consumed worldwide and represent important sources of dietary phytochemicals with proven antioxidant properties, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Food-derived flavonoids and phenolic compounds are expected to be promising drugs for cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effects of methanol extracts of spinach, cabbage, and onion on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human gastric and breast cancer cells. Proliferation rates of AGS, MDA-MB-231, and SK-BR-3 cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The methanol extracts of spinach, cabbage, and onion inhibited proliferation of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining revealed that chromatin condensation significantly increased compared with the control. In the results of MTT assay and DAPI staining, onion extract was the most effective in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. To assess changes in protein expression level by onion extract, we identified Bax (pro-apoptotic), Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein by western blot analysis. The expression of Bax and cleaved-PARP increased, whereas expression of Bcl-2 was decreased compared with the control. These results suggest that spinach, cabbage, and onion extracts suppressed growth of human gastric cancer AGS, human breast cancer MDA-MB-231, and SK-BR-3 cells through induction of apoptosis. Among the extracts, onion extract had stronger anti-cancer and apoptosis induction effects than spinach and cabbage extracts. Further, onion extract more effectively induced apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells than human breast cancer cells. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the anti-cancer effects of onion extracts in vivo. Onion extract can be developed as a chemopreventive or therapeutic agent for gastric cancer.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

목적 : 최근 NF-${\kappa}B$와 STAT3의 활성억제와 관련된 항암제 연구가 주목받고 있으며, 본 연구는 사독(蛇毒)이 세포자멸사 관련 단백질의 발현 조절을 통하여 세포자멸사를 유도하고, NF-${\kappa}B$와 STAT3의 활성억제를 유도하여 난소암 PA-1 세포의 성장을 억제하는지를 확인하고, 해당 기전을 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : 사독을 처리한 후 난소암 PA-1 세포의 세포자멸사의 관찰에는 DAPI, TUNEL staining assay를 시행하였고, 세포자멸사 조절단백질 및 NF-${\kappa}B$, STAT3의 활성 변동 관찰에는 western blot analysis를 시행하였다. 결과 : 1. 사독을 처리한 후 난소암 PA-1 세포에서 세포자멸사가 유도되어 암세포성장이 억제되었다. 2. 사독을 처리한 후 세포자멸사 관련 단백질 중 세포자멸사 촉진 단백질인 cleaved caspase-3, Bax의 발현은 증가되었고, 세포자멸사 억제 단백질인 Bcl-2의 발현은 감소되었다. 3. 사독을 처리한 후 난소암 PA-1 세포의 NF-${\kappa}B$와 STAT3 발현은 감소되었고, 각각의 길항제인 salicylic acid와 stattic 처리 후 NF-${\kappa}B$와 STAT3 발현은 더욱 감소되었다. 결론 : 사독은 난소암 세포의 세포자멸사 유발과, NF-${\kappa}B$와 STAT3의 활성억제를 통해 치료 효율이 높고, 내성이 적은 난소암 치료제의 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 1994.07a
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• pp.655-662
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• 1994

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.635-640
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• 2015

Various medicinal plants were collected, air-dried, and subjected to extraction with ethanol. Ethanol extracts were screened for their efficacies as antioxidative and antiproliferative agents against cancer cells. Among the 15 species, extract of Lindera glauca Blume stem with a total polyphenolic content of $70.99{\pm}1.88{\mu}g/TAE\;{\mu}g$, was found to possess high DPPH radical scavenging ($IC_{50}=30.54{\pm}0.62{\mu}g/mL$), nitrite scavenging ($IC_{50}=787.94{\pm}89.28{\mu}g/mL$), and reducing power activities ($595.76{\pm}1.90{\mu}g/mL$). The antiproliferative activities of plant extracts were determined using MTT assay in human colorectal cancer cells. Extracts of stems and roots from L. glauca Blume were found to possess high anti-proliferative activities in HT-29 and HCT116 cells ($IC_{50}=711.52{\pm}40.27{\mu}g/mL$ and $IC_{50}=85.07{\pm}4.06{\mu}g/mL$, respectively). These results suggest that L. glauca Blume extract could be a useful natural antioxidant and anticancer resource.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.469-476
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• 2002

The DNA topoismerase I inhibitor $\beta$-lapachone, the product of a tree from South America, is known to exhibit various biological properties, however the mechanisms of which are poorly understood. In the present report, we investigated the effects of $\beta$-lapachone on the growth of human prostate carcinoma DU-145 cells. Upon treatment with $\beta$-lapachone, a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability was observed and cells developed many of the hallmark features of apoptosis, including condensation of chromatin and DNA fragmentation. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that $\beta$-lapachone increased populations of apoptotic-sub Gl phase. In addition, proteolytic cleavages of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and $\beta$-catenin protein were observed after treatment of $\beta$-lapachone. These apoptotic effects of $\beta$-lapachone in DU-145 cells were associated with marked induction of Bax protein, however the levels of Bcl-2 expression were decreased in a dose-dependent manner.