• Title/Summary/Keyword: 아교수

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The Effect of Glue Solution on Manufacturing of White Clay Pigment (백토안료의 전통제법 중 아교수 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Yeong Seok;Jeong, Hye Young;Go, In Hee
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.417-423
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    • 2016
  • The effect of the glue solution were investigated in the grinding and elutriation process for manufacturing of White clay pigment. In grinding process, glue solution decreased the production of a too fine powder and enhanced the degree of sorting of ground pigments. The grinding performance and limit are generally influenced by the frictional force. Therefore, the friction force was measured in accordance with the grinding conditions. As a result of measuring a friction force, when using glue solution it showed the lowest friction. Finally, the application of glue solution in grinding process is believed to enhance the degree of sorting of ground pigments by reducing frictional force. In elutriation process, the application of glue solution enabled the screening of larger particles in the same conditions by reducing the sedimentation velocity. This result is due to increase in the viscosity of the glue solution according to glue concentration. As a result, the application of glue solution in elutriation process is though to enlarges the range of the selectable particle size and to enable the segmentation of the particles.

A Study on the Yeonpyo-beob for the Explanation of the Manufacturing Method of Traditional Pigments (전통 안료 제법 규명을 위한 연표법 연구)

  • Kang, Yeong Seok;Jeong, Hye Young
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.664-669
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    • 2019
  • Yeonpyo-beob is a method of manufacturing pigments using bamboo trunk and glue solution. Glue solutions of concentrations 1, 5, and 10% were employed to manufacture pigments, and the characteristics of pigment manufacturing were analyzed according to these concentrations. The pigment manufacturing process can be divided into holding and drying phases. The holding phase involves the sedimentation of relatively large particles, whereas the drying phase involves the sedimentation of small particles. The layers formed during the drying phase have almost similar forms regardless of the concentration of the glue solution. If the concentration of the glue solution is low in the holding phase, the particles are mixed and the formation of a layer is difficult. In contrast, when the concentration of the glue solution is higher, the layer of the pigment is more distinct. These results confirmed that the differences in viscosity due to the variation in the concentration of the glue solution affect the sedimentation velocity of the pigment particles, thereby affecting the formation of the layer of the pigment and the pigment manufacture. Consequently, applying 10% glue solution to reduce the sediment velocity is deemed suitable for the stratification of the pigment particles and the manufacture of pigments.

A Study of Weather Resistance on Dancheong Ground Treatment of Tranditional Wooden Building in Korea (한국 목조건축물 단청 바탕처리에 대한 내후성 연구)

  • Kim, Young Kyun;Han, Kyeong Soon
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.480-493
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    • 2019
  • In this study, the method for processing glue and glue-alum sizing from the dancheong ground treatment was evaluated with respect to weather resistance, and its effect on the conservation of dancheong was analyzed. Viscosity and pH of the glue and glue-alum specimen were measured and classified into three categories(none layer, glue layer, and glue-alum layer), which were further classified according to low concentration(four times for 2%) and high concentration(once for 10%). The base layer formation was subsequently classified into three categories based on pigment adoption, namely, Noerok(celadonite), Seokganju(terra rossa), and Jangdan(red lead). The completed specimen was subjected to a changing-environment experiment for evaluating weather resistance and observing the surface. Color variations were analyzed before and after the experiment. The results indicate that glue-alum sizing comprising 5% alum or 7% alum has strong acidity that can affect the life of dancheong, and the high level of 7% alum makes it difficult to create a solid coating layer. After ultraviolet irradiation, the specimen with 7% alum changes its color to yellow. Furthermore, after moisture absorption and drying, cracks can be observed on the entire specimen surface that corroborate the physical change. Additionally, gas-based corrosion causes marginal surface changes. Hence, the formation of a stable coating layer can be achieved by incorporating a low concentration glue solution that is almost neutral, and the application of glue-alum sizing having 2% concentration can aid in the conservation of dancheong.

Effect of Glue and Alum Mixing Ratio on the Color Variation of Traditional Sizing Hanji (아교포수 방법이 전통한지의 색상 변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Yu-Ju;Choi, Tae-Ho
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.153-158
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    • 2019
  • The traditional sizing treatment for the Hanji is performed to give the following functions. Those are to stabilize the paint of the painting, to prevent the paint of painting and moisture from smearing into the painting itself, to prevent the paint of the painting and moisture from passing to the lining paper, and to make the colors of painting match the surrounding.This study analyzed a result of the effect of Hanji sizing characteristic according to glue and alum mixing ratio and applying times, affects to pigments of painting and fastness of Hanji using accelerated aging test. As a result of color measurement of sizing treated Hanji, the concentration of glue and the number of application increased, the brightness and the $L^*$ value decreased but the yellowness index increased.

Analysis of animal glue by pyrolysis/GC/MS (열분해/GC/MS에 의한 아교의 분석)

  • Park, Jongseo
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.221-227
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    • 2015
  • Animal glue is a traditional material that was used widely as an adhesive in cultural artifacts, such as Buddhist paintings, dancheong (traditional multicolored paintwork on wooden buildings), mother-of-pearl inlay, and so on. Spectroscopic methods, such as infrared spectroscopy, have been used for the analysis of animal glue. However, such methods do not yield sufficient information about the constituents of the glue. Because pyrolysis/GC/MS analysis is able to estimate the components of a material through the examination of its pyrolyzed products, it is useful for the analysis of polymeric material. In this study, pyrolysis/GC/MS analysis was used to determine the chemical composition of animal glue. The appropriate conditions for analyzing animal glue were established by examining pyrolysis temperature, quantity of the sample, and the repeatability of the method. Some products of pyrolysis were identified. We also analyzed commercial gelatin and animal glue using the established method and found almost no differences in chromatograms among the samples. The results will be used as supporting data to confirm the use of animal glue in cultural artifacts and to replace traditional animal glue by commercial gelatin.

The Effects of Emotional Intelligence on Happiness among Early Ehildhood Teachers: The Mediating Effects of Job Stress and Teaching Efficacy (영유아교사의 정서지능이 행복감에 미치는 영향: 직무스트레스 및 교사효능감의 매개효과)

  • Lee, Eun Suk;Lee, Kyung Nim
    • Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.221-238
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    • 2015
  • This study examined the effects of emotional intelligence, teaching efficacy and job stress on happiness among early childhood teachers. Data were collected from 246 early childhood teachers. To collect the data, emotional intelligence, teaching efficacy, job stress, and happiness instruments were used. All research variables were measured using self-reported questionnaires, and were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson's correlation and pathway analysis. The results indicated teachers' happiness had no difference by demographic variables. Emotional intelligence had a direct effect and an indirect effect through teaching efficacy and job stress on happiness among early childhood teachers. Teaching efficacy and job stress had a direct effect on happiness among early childhood teachers. Additionally, emotional intelligence was the most important variable predicting early childhood teachers' happiness. Teaching efficacy and job stress had a mediating effect between emotional intelligence and happiness.

An Analysis of Research Trends on Early Childhood Teacher's Emotional Experience - Focusing on Domestic Journals - (영유아교사의 정서경험에 관한 연구 동향 분석: 국내학회지를 중심으로)

  • Kim, Soo Jung
    • Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.51-64
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    • 2018
  • Objective: By doing a more comprehensive review of recent domestic studies related to the emotions experienced by the early childhood teachers, the current study aims to suggests the direction of various emotional research experiences; and provide the basic data necessary for the development and application of a program that helps early childhood teachers experience more positive emotions in the child care setting and effectively addresses the negative emotional experience. Methods: 87 previous studies which were published in the journals related to various emotional experiences experienced by the early childhood teacher since 2008 were analyzed. Results: It was found that the emotion - related articles of early childhood teachers showed that, compared with before 2012, it increased after 2013. Also, the tendency of the data collection method was mostly composed of the papers using the questionnaire method using the test and the scale. As the most studied topic related to the emotional experience of early childhood teachers, the negative emotional experiences were the exhaustion experienced by the teachers. And the most studied topics on positive emotional experiences were the happiness experienced by early childhood teachers; The research that explores the variables related to the happiness experienced by the early childhood teachers was the majority. Conclusion/Implications: The analysis of this study suggests a systematic understanding of emotions experienced by early childhood teachers and suggests future directions for supporting healthy emotional experiences.

A Study on Characteristics of Animal Glue depending on Pretreatment and Evaluation Condition (아교 전처리 및 평가 조건에 따른 특성연구)

  • Oh, Seong Min;Yu, Ji A;Lee, Na Ra;Kim, Tae Heon;Kim, Seong Eun;Chung, Yong Jae
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.701-708
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    • 2019
  • Animal glue is a natural adhesive made from processed skins or bones of animals. It is widely used in wooden crafts, papercrafts, dancheong painting, and pictures. Accurate evaluation of the quality of animal glues during production and use is difficult because there is no formal method for testing the glue's properties during pretreatment and measurement conditions. Thus, in this study, a series of tests were carried out by changing the conditions of swelling, temperature, and concentration of animal glue and gelatin sold on the market. Twelve types of animal glues were evaluated, having a viscosity range of 12.67 cP to 29.43 cP. The results showed that the physical characteristics of the glues were stable when allowed to swell for six h in distilled water(23℃). When 10%(by weight in distilled water) of the animal glue was measured in the reflective mode of a spectrophotometer, the optical characteristics of the glues were stable. Powdered animal glues have a medium brightness and middle-high chroma. Relative to powdered glues, stick animal glues have a low brightness and a medium chroma. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that the data can be assembled into a form so that animal glue workers can use it as a reference for the preparation of evaluation standards for testing the characteristics of animal glues.

A Study on demands of education training about copyright for infant and early childhood education institutions (영유아교육기관을 위한 저작권 교육 연수 요구조사)

  • Oh, Eun-Sun;Lee, So-Hyun
    • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.349-357
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze demands of education training about copyright for Infant and early childhood education institutions. This study investigated demands of education training about copyright for infant and early childhood education institutions targeting 248 directors and teachers. Using a questionnaire, research data was analyzed using the program spss. Demands of education training about copyright for infant and early childhood education institutions appeared differently depending on education institution type, position, education career, etc. copyright training topics include the highest demands for understanding of the copyright associated with the work of the early childhood education. Training contents had higher demands for using typeface(font) and video material. So these results reported that directors and teachers require copyright education relating to the work of Early childhood education. The results of this study suggest the implications for developing and implementing copyright training programs for Infant and Early childhood education institutions.

A Study on Adhesion Characteristics and Physical Properties of Animal Glue Added Genipin (제니핀을 첨가한 아교의 접착 특성과 물성 변화 연구)

  • Lee, Jun Ho;Yu, Ji A;Chung, Yong Jae
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.157-166
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    • 2018
  • In this study, gelatin binding ability was increased by adding cross linking agent to improve adhesive characteristic of animal glue. Animal glue added genipin measured gel strength and viscosity, the structural analysis, the color retention degree, elution degree, and rupture strength. And the water resistance and ultraviolet light resistance with the addition of genipin were compared. As a result of the study, the gel strength and viscosity increased with the amount of genipin. As a result of the structural analysis, in gelatin, the absorption peak of the triple structure of collagen structurally stabilized was observed. As a result of the color retention degree, the film was observed because of the lowered brightness. The amount of elution glue was increased with addition of genipin at $50^{\circ}C$ distilled water condition and rupture strength has increased with the amount of genipin. In the water resistance and light fastness, there was no appearance before and after deterioration due to the addition of genipin. Based on the results of this study, it confirmed the adhesive characteristics of animal glue added genipin and examined the experimental method applicable for animal glue. After the addition of genipin, flexibility, re-solving, adhesive force, and curing speed, which are unique characteristics of glue, can be improved without disappearing, so it is expected that it will be applicable to production of animal glue and conservation of cultural heritage when homogeneous glue is secured.