• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.315-321
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• 2002

This study was focused on identifying the difference of food preference according to body size of elementary school boys in Daejeon city. In order to measure the food preference, the degree of liking by means of a 5-point Hedonic scale was asked to 198 boys of 5th grade from six schools throughout Daejeon for 144 food items in 17 food groups composed of main dish, side dish and dessert : cooked rice, noodles or breads, as main dish, kimchi, tang.guk.zzigae, gui, zzim, bokeum, fried.pan-fried, jorim, muchim.namul or jangachi, as side dish, fruits, beverage, milk, rice cake or anacks, as dessert and for best preferred taste among five basic. The survey was conducted in rune, 1997 by questionnaires. Overall food preference of the subject was inclined to be higher in most of dessert food : fruits, beverage, milk or snacks, but to be lower in side dishes of Korean conventional food : jangachi, muchim, namul, jorim, kimchi and tang.guk .zzigae. The percentage of boys preferring cocked rice to noodle or bread as main dish was as much almost double in overweight boys as those of underweight or normal weight boys. None of the food group among 17 groups was significantly different in the food preference by body size of the subjects. However, food preference score of overweight group showed a trend to be higher in 11 food groups except less calorie-dense food groups such as fruits, noodles, rice cake, cooked rice, soup and stew and braised food (jorim) than normal or underweight group, and they seemed to prefer especially high-protein and high-fat foods. Being based on 3 points of preference score as the criterion for comparison, underweight group showed higher preference only in fruits group but showed lower preferences in 12 food groups among 17 groups than other groups.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2011

The number of the disabled person had been increased for the industrial accident and the environmental pollution. Especially, developmental disability has the high prevalence rate between 5% and 10% of the whole children. The children with a developmental disability can be treated by the physical therapy, the occupational therapy, the psychology therapy, speech therapy, and art therapy. Visual preception which is function to recognize the external environment through the optic organ could be related to most behaviors on the everyday life. But because the children with disability could not develop the visual-preception enough, they came to have difficulties in executing daily life project. For this reason, it is most important to understand the estimation and the cure on the visual-preception in the pediatric occupational therapy. To improve the visual-preception power, we have many kind of methods including sensory integration, training program for the visual-perception and art-craft program. Particularly, the art-craft which is the representative activity for making something by hands, can be applied to anyone. As the study on the brain has been activated, it was proved that handicraft actives could have an good effect on the brain function and using brain. When the fine motor exercise and more delicate and accurate motion were carried, these motions need the essential help of the visual-perception. So it could be expected that using the repetitive hand function by art-craft makes the brain function improve, when a activity that needs a fine motor exercise and more delicate, accurate motion was carried, It also indicates that the art-craft program has a clear treatment value. Though the intervention between visual-perception development and visual-perception disability have a majority in the field of occupational therapy, there is a few study yet. Therefore, this study tried to look back on the necessity of applying the art-craft program to the children with disability as the prestudy for preliminary validity of the master's thesis.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2004

Study 1 composed of three experiments examined differences in person perception between computer-mediated (or CMC) and face-to-face (or FTF) communications. In Experiment 1, each of 17 groups of 4-5 discussed a donation entrance system through CMC and a week later a college-based university system through FTF communication mode for half an hour. Then members of a given group rated each other along with self-ratings on five personality traits. Results indicated that in FTF than CMC condition, ratings of others were more positive and also self-peer agreement and meta-accuracy were larger in spite of no large difference in inter-judge agreement between two communication modes. In Experiment 2, 17 groups of 4 in each of the CMC and FTF condition discussed a college-based university system for an hour. Then group members rated each other on another five trait dimensions. Although ratings of others were more positive in FTF than CMC condition, there no systematic differences in two types of agreement and meta-accuracy between the two communication modes. In Experiment 3, 17 groups of 4 in each of the CMC and FTF condition discussed a donation entrance system for an hour and then group members rated each other on five trait dimensions different from those used in Experiment 1 and 2. The findings replicated Experiment 1. Study 2 examined gender differences in person perception in CMC. Fifteen dyads for each of the man-man, man-woman, and man-woman conditions communicated for an half hour in CMC and then rated each other along with self ratings on 25 personality trait dimensions. Results indicated that participants rated their partners more negatively for extorversion, agreeableness and culture factors, which was due mainly to woman's negative evaluations for their male partners. Also, self-peer agreement was the largest in the man-man communication condition. These findings were discussed in relation to differences between CMC and FTF communication modes.

• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.579-596
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• 2009

This study aimed to develop the Korean tool of competency to consent to psychiatric treatment and to analyze the reliability and validity of this tool. Also the developed tool's efficiency in determining whether a patient possesses treatment consent competence was checked using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve and the relevant indices. A total of 193 patients with mental illness, who were hospitalized in a mental hospital or were in community mental health center, participated in this study. We administered a questionnaire consisting of 14 questions concerning understanding, appreciation, reasoning ability, and expression of a choice to the subjects. To investigate the validity of the tool, we conducted the K-MMSE, insight test, estimated IQ, and BPRS. The tool's reliability and usefulness were examined via Cronbach's alpha, ICC, and ROC analysis, and criterion related validation was performed. This tool showed that internal consistency and agreement between raters was relatively high(ICC .80~.98, Cronbach's alpha .56~.83)and the confirmatory factor analysis for constructive validation showed that the tool was valid. Also, estimated IQ, and MMSE were significantly correlated to understanding, appreciation, expression of a choice, and reasoning ability. However, the BPRS did not show significant correlation with any subcompetences. In ROC analysis, full scale cutoff score 18.5 was suggested. Subscale cutoff scores were understanding 4.5, appreciation 8.5, reasoning ability 3.5, and expression of a choice 0.5. These results suggest that this assessment tool is reliable, valid and efficient diagnostically. Finally, limitations and implications of this study were discussed.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.139-159
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• 1996

This study comparatively examines a causal model of employee attatchment which focuses on employee's organizational commitment and intent to stay with an organization. This study is based on two separate studies of employee attachment among teachers : the U.S. case of the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and the South Korean case of the Seoul Educational District (SED). The main purpose of this study is to replicate in Korea the CPS study. A revised model based on the unique characteristics of Korean teachers is also developed and estimated. The Price Mueller model of employee attachment provides the basic theoretical framework for this study. It includes five general classes of variables : 1) employee responses to work variables : job satisfaction, commitment, and intent to stay; 2) psychological stress variables: role ambiguity, role conflict, work overload, and quality of students; 3) social structural variables: autonomy, routinization, distributive justice, and legitimacy; 4) economic structural variables: pay, job security, promotional opportunities, and job opportunities; and 5) work orientation variables : career commitment, normative commitment, work motivation, affectivity, work values, and met expectations. The data was collected through questionnaire survey and a sample of 649 secondary school teachers in Seoul, South Korea, was included in the final analysis. Covariance structure analysis (LISREL) was used to estimate the causal model. The results indicate that the endogenous variables of job satisfaction and commitment play a considerably less important role than in the U.S. model in mediating the effects of the exogenous variables on intent to stay, and the model fails to explain the majority of the variance in intent to stay. In addition, the new variables added to the revised Korean model do not bave significant effects on intent to stay. The structural characteristics of the employment relationship and labor markets associated with Korean teachers forced mobility and closed external markets - are largely accountable for the major differences between the Korean and the U.S. cases. The study suggests that conceptual and empirical work on what produces employee attachment under these structural constraints needs to receive more attention in future studies.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.341-351
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• 2009

There is tremendous variability in the ways patients present with taste problems. Because of complex and multifactorial etiological background, it is not simple to evaluate patients with taste disorders. Accurate assessment of patients' status by prudent, thorough history taking and symptom analysis is the most essential for exact diagnosis of taste disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with taste problems as a primary complaint. Consecutive series of 50 patients (12 males and 38 females, mean age $53.6\;{\pm}\;14.7$ years) were included for the present study. All subjects were requested to complete a comprehensive questionnaire. Clinical evaluation procedures included oral examination, interview, questionnaire analysis, panoramic radiography, blood test and measurement of salivary flow rate. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Among the patients, 36 patients (72%) complained of oral mucosal pain or burning sensation. Of these patients, 18 patients (36%) were diagnosed as burning mouth syndrome. 2. Nineteen patients (38%) complained of subjective oral dryness. The flow rate of unstimulated whole saliva was less than 0.1 mL/min in 14 patients (28%) and 17 (34%) had a stimulated whole salivary flow rate of less than 0.5 mL/min. 3. Among the types of taste disorders, hypogeusia, the most frequently reported, was found in 25 patients (50%), dysgeusia in 18 patients (36%), phantogeusia in 15 patients (30%), hypergeusia in 10 patients (20%), and ageusia in 5 patients (10%). Nineteen patients (38%) reported more than one type of taste disorder and the most frequent combination was dysgeusia + hypogeusia (n=6, 12%). 4. Based on data from the medical and dental histories and examinations, the patients were assigned to 12 probable causal categories. Taste disorders due to oral mucosal diseases and idiopathic taste disorder were the most frequent (n=9; 18%, each), followed by psychogenic taste disorder (n=8; 16%), drug-induced taste disorder (n=7; 14%), and taste disorder due to dry mouth (n=6; 12%). These 5 categories of taste disorder accounted for 78% of all cases in this study.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze and investigate temporomandibular disorders(TMD) and dental clinic outpatients by food intake ability to improve the quality of life. A survey of questionnaires with 208 subjects visiting a dental clinics located in Daejeon city from January to September in 2010 was performed. Analysis were performed with survey results, in which a symptoms of TMD, parafunctional habits and abnormal functions, food intake ability : 1. The main symptoms of TMD showed pain on TMJ(45.7%), pain on joint sound(45.2%), pain during chewing(41.3%), pain during mouth opening(38.0%), pain during non chewing(19.7%) and pain on joint dislocation(13.0%) in turn. 2. The symptoms of TMD by gender showed joint dislocation of 18.0% for male and 8.3% for female(p=0.038); pain on chewing of 49.0% for male and 34.3% for female(p=0.031), which were statistically significant. 3. The parafunctional habits and abnormal functions by gender showed clenching habit of 35.0% for male and 22.0% for female; bruxism of 21.0% for male and 9.3% for female, which were statistically significant. 4. The symptoms of TMD by age showed 52.8% of 27.8% for often and 25.0% for sometimes of 21-30 age in pain on TMJ, which were statistically significant(p=0.001). 5. The parafunctional habits and abnormal functions by age showed over 31 age of 48.3%, which were statistically significant(p=0.003). 6. The food intake ability by symptoms of TMD showed no joint sound(p=0.000), no pain on chewing(p=0.000) and without pain on TMJ(p=0.000), which were statistically significant. 7. The food intake ability by parafunctional habits and abnormal functions showed no clenching habit(p=0.000), no bruxism(p=0.000) and no headache, which were statistically significant. 8. The distribution type of operation by symptoms of TMD showed 30.8% of rest, 24.0% of physical medicine and 16.4% of pharmacotherapy. The pain on chewing showed 36.0% of pharmacotherapy; 52.4% of pain on TMJ for often and 40.5% for sometimes, in which pharmacotherapy and physical medicine were statistically significant(p=0.000). These results showed that management run parallel with survey for multiple factors in TMD we consider aspect of physical, social, physiology to enhance quality of life to increase food intake, construction of program for treatment and prevention because the individual differences need to be multifaceted, further research is suggested to continue.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.157-172
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• 2023

The recent Fourth Industrial Revolution is accelerating changes due to digital transformation. According to this trend, the existing start-up paradigm is changing, and new business models based on new technologies and creative ideas are emerging. In addition, the diversity of mentoring relationships and environments such as online mentoring, reverse mentoring, group mentoring, and multiple mentoring is also increasing. However, most mentors in their 50s and 60s, who are mainly active in the start-up field, have been able to help mentees a lot based on their own experience and expertise, but they are having difficulty responding to the changing environment due to a lack of understanding and experience of new technologies and environments. To cope with these changes well, mentors must constantly study, acquire and apply the latest technologies to improve their understanding of new technologies and the environment. In addition, it is necessary to have an understanding and respect for the diversity of mentoring relationships and environments, and to maximize the effectiveness of mentoring by actively utilizing them. Therefore, mentors should recognize that they directly affect the growth and development of mentees, constantly acquire new knowledge and skills to maintain and develop expertise, and actively deliver their knowledge and experiences to mentees. Therefore, in this study, was tried to empirically analyze the relationship between mentoring's influence on mentor's job satisfaction through mentor's personal learning and self-efficacy. The results of the empirical analysis were as follows. Among the functions of mentoring, career function and role modeling were found to have a positive effect on both personal learning and self-efficacy, which are parameters, and job satisfaction, which is a dependent variable. On the other hand, psychological and social functions have a positive effect on personal learning, but they do not have an effect on self-efficacy and job satisfaction. In addition, as a result of analyzing the mediating effect, all mediating effects were confirmed for career functions, and only the mediating effect of self-efficacy was confirmed for role modeling. Through this study, mentoring is an important factor in promoting job satisfaction, personal learning and self-efficacy, and this study can be said to be academically and practically meaningful in that it confirmed personal learning and self-efficacy as factors that increase mentor's job satisfaction, and the focus of mentoring research was shifted from mentee to mentor to study the impact of mentoring on mentors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.518-525
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• 2010

The purpose of the study was to examine health-related behaviors and nutrient intake in relation to job stress level of police officers. Total of 166 police officers working in Jeonbuk area participated in the study. The study was conducted from February to March, 2009. Subjects were given self-administered questionnaire on their general health status, dietary and health-related habits. Nutrient intake was assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Subjects were divided into four groups (very low, low, high, very high) by their job stress level scores. Main concerns of job stress were from 'job demand', 'organizational system' and 'lack of reward'. More than 95% of the subjects were confident of their health status. Health habits, such as drinking, smoking and exercising, were better than that of average Korean men. There were significant differences in dietary habits in relation to job stress level. Lower job stress group showed lower rate of skipping breakfast (p<0.01), more affordable meal time (p<0.05) and better snacking habits (p<0.001). Sweet food preference was higher in lower job stress group (p<0.05). The average calorie intake was $2063\pm532.7$ (88.5% of EER) and there was no significant difference in nutrient intake among job stress levels. However, mean intake of calcium and vitamin $B_2$ was less than 75% of %DRI in higher job stress group. Therefore, further support in nutritional counseling programs to improve dietary behaviors and health habits and to reduce job concerned stress of the police officers will be necessary.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.173-200
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• 2017

This study is designed to verify the actual effect on the prevention of the elderly suicide of the integrated crisis intervention service which has been widely provided across all local communities in Gyeonggi-province focusing on the integrated crisis intervention model developed for the prevention of elderly suicide. The integrated crisis intervention model for the local communities and its manual were developed for the prevention of elderly suicide by integrating the crisis intervention theory which contains local community's integrated system approach and the stress vulnerability theory. For the analysis of the effect, the geriatric depression and suicidal ideation scale was adopted and the data was collected as follows; The data was collected from 258 people in the first preliminary test. Then, it was collected from the secondary test of 184 people after the integrated crisis intervention service was performed for 6 months. The third collection of data was made from 124 people after 2 or 3 years later using the backward tracing method. As for the analysis, the researcher used the R Statistics computing to conduct the test equating, and the vertical scaling between measuring points. Then, the researcher conducted descriptive statistics analysis and univariate analysis of variance, and performed multi-level modeling analysis using Bayesian estimation. As a result of the study, it was found out that the integrated crisis intervention model which has been developed for the elderly suicide prevention has a statistically significant effect on the reduction of elderly suicide in terms of elderly depression and suicide ideation in the follow-up measurement after the implementation of crisis intervention rather than in the first preliminary scores. The integrated crisis intervention model for the prevention of elderly suicide was found to be effective to the extent of 0.56 for the reduction of depression and 0.39 for the reduction of suicidal ideation. However, it was found out in the backward tracing test conducted 2-3 years after the first crisis intervention that the improved values returned to its original state, thus showing that the effect of the intervention is not maintained for long. Multilevel analysis was conducted to find out the factors such as the service type(professional counseling, medication, peer counseling), characteristics of the client (sex, age), the characteristics of the counselor(age, career, major) and the interaction between the characteristics of the counselor and intervention which affect depression and suicidal ideation. It was found that only medication can significantly reduce suicidal ideation and that if the counselor's major is counseling, it significantly further reduces suicidal ideation by interacting with professional counseling. Furthermore, as the characteristics of the suicide prevention experts are found to regulate the intervention effect on elderly suicide prevention in applying integrated crisis intervention model, the primary consideration should be given to the counseling ability of these experts.