• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2004

만성적이거나 반복적인 스트레스는 우울중이나 심신병 등의 발병 기전과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 전기적 자극(electric foot shock), 한랭 자극, 속박(immobilization), 투쟁(fighting), 에테르 노출 등과 같은 심한 스트레스 자극이 뇌 조직의 시상 및 시상하부, 편도체 등에서의 노르아드레날린(noradrenalin) 방출을 유의 하게 감소시키는 동시에 혈청 corticosterone을 증가시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 한의학에서는 스트레스 인자에 대한 신체반응을 기(氣)의 변화로 인식하고 있고, 이러한 자극요인들은 신체에 대하여 병적 요인을 제공하여 제반 질환을 야기한다. 또한 질병 발생에 대한 근거로 정기(正氣)와 사기(邪氣)의 상호 관계 위주로 인식하는데, 내부의 기(氣)의 변조(變調)는 질병의 발생을 야기하는 기초가 된다. 실험에 사용된 연근(蓮根)은 연꽃과에 속한 수생초본인 연꽃의 뿌리부분으로 우(藕) 또는 우절(藕節)이라는 명칭으로 불리기도 한다. 성미(性味)는 감(甘) 삽(澁) 평(平) 무독(無毒)하고 폐(肺) 위(胃) 간경(肝經)으로 들어가며 수렴지혈(收斂止血) 화어(化瘀)의 효능이 있어 토혈(吐血) 객혈(喀血) 뇨혈(尿血) 편혈(便血) 등의 각종 출혈 증상에 사용되어져 왔다. 최근 연꽃의 부위별 추출물이 흰쥐의 지질 과산화 생성을 효과적으로 억제하는 것으로 보고되고 있어 연근(蓮根)에 대한 다양한 약리 효능의 검색이 필요할 것으로 생각되며 연꽃의 씨앗인 연자육(蓮子肉)이 양심안신(養心安神)의 효능이 있어 스트레스성 질환에 많이 응용되고 있는 것에 착안하여 본 연구를 착수하였다. 실험 동물은 ICR계 마우스를 이용하였으며, 사회 심리적 스트레스는 옆쪽 cage에서 다른 마우스의 신체에 가해지는 전기 충격을 하루 1시간 동안 지켜보게 하는 것으로 유발하였으며 이 상태에서 약물을 투여한 그룹을 실험군, 그렇지 않은 그룹을 대조군으로 하였다. 정상군은 아무런 자극 없이 하루 1시간 동안 일정 공간에 가두어 두는 것으로 하였다. 실험 결과 사회 심리적 스트레스를 받은 경우에 아무런 처치를 하지 않은 대조군에 비해 연근 추출물을 100mg/kg/day 용량으로 5 일간 투여한 실험군에서 혈청 중 corticosterone 함량이 유의하게 감소하였으므로 매우 효과적으로 스트레스를 해소하였음을 알 수 있다. 뇌세포 중에서 신경전달물질로 분비되는 노르아드레날린의 분비량은 전반적으로 증가되는 경향을 나타내었으나 유의성은 없었다. 신체적 또는 사회 심리적 스트레스가 간 조직 내 지질의 과산화를 유발하는 것으로 나타났으며 연근 추출물이 이 결과에는 영향을 주지 못하였다. 사회 심리적 스트레스로 인하여 간 조직 내 지질과산화 정도가 증가하였으므로 혈청 내 ALT 함량도 따라 증가할 것으로 추정되었으며 이에 대한 연근 추출물 경구 투여가 간 조직을 보호할 수 있는지를 확인하기 위해 분리한 혈청으로부터 ALT 함량을 측정한 결과 대조군에 비하여 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 또한 연근 추출물이 혈청 내 지질 과산화물의 생성을 억제할 수 있다면 질병의 예방과 치료에 효과적일 것으로 추정할 수 있으므로 그 생성량을 측정하여 보았으나 대조군과의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과들을 종합하여 보면 스트레스가 부하된 5일 동안 연근(蓮根) 추출물을 함께 투여한 결과 혈청 corticosterone 함량을 유의하게 감소시켰고 뇌 조직내 noradrenaline 함량을 증가시키는 경향을 나타내어 스트레스 해소에 도움이 될 수 있음을 시사하였다. 또한 혈청 내 ALT 함량을 유의하게 감소시켜 스트레스로 인해 발생하는 간 기능의 손상도 어느 정도 억제시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었는데 앞으로 연근(蓮根)의 이러한 작용에 대한 보다 자세한 연구들이 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2000

Objects : Aimed to test the hypothesis that neonatal testosterone exposure in female mice influences the development of testosterone-related pain inhibitory system and that testosterone administered in adulthood decreases the pain sensitivity. Methods : Thirty androgenized(testosterone propionate $100{\mu}g$ ip within 24 hrs after birth) adult female and twenty five control(normal saline $100{\mu}g$ ip within 24 hrs after birth) adult female mice were injected with testosterone propionate 1mg/kg/day for 3 consecutive days from 84th experimental days. Nociceptive sensitivity was measured before and after treatment of testosterone by tail flick latency on 84th and 86th experimental days. Results : 1) On the 84th experimental day, basal nociceptive sensitivity was significantly higher in the androgenized group($2.7{\pm}0.4$ sec) as compared to the control group($3.3{\pm}1.1$ sec). 2) Testosterone treatment on the 84th experimental day significantly lowered nociceptive sensitivity in both androgenized($5.2{\pm}0.9$ sec) and control groups($4.6{\pm}1.8$ sec). However the effect was significantly greater in the androgenized group. 3) Nociceptive sensitivity on 86th experimental day before administration of testosterone was significantly lower in the androgenized group($4.8{\pm}1.9$ sec) as compared to the control group($3.9{\pm}1.2$ sec). 4) Testosterone treatment on the 86th experimental day significantly lowered the nociceptive sensitivity in both groups, but the androgenized group($5.9{\pm}0.9$ sec) showed significantly lower post-treatment nociceptive sensitivity as compared to the control group($4.9{\pm}1.5$ sec). 5) Nociceptive sensitivity was decreased significantly after injection of testosterone once a day for two consecutive days in the androgenized group(${\Delta}2.1{\pm}1.0$ sec), but not in the control group(${\Delta}0.5{\pm}1.3$ sec). Conclusions : There may be a testosterone-related pain inhibitory system, the development of which is enhanced by exposure to testosterone in the neonatal period, and the activity of which is also mediated by testosterone in the later life.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 2013

The descending control system is composed of a group of structures in the midbrain, medulla oblongata and pons that form a network of descending inhibitory projections. In the clinical setting, it has been shown that the application of a electrical counterirritant to these structures and diminishes the pain in patients. Thus, depression and anxiety have been shown to predict the development of chronic neuropathic pain state. These factors could influence pain might also involve descending controls. Interestingly, reduced descending controls are seen in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and theses patients had greater anxiety, depression compared to controls. And, the influence of anxiety on the chronicity of pain and on the descending control pathways should be tested in animal models, using modern techniques. Given this Knowledge, it is no wonder that pain is a highly personal experience that is susceptible to a variety of biologic, pharmacologic, and environmental influences.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.581-586
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• 2021

The high fatality of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) is closely related to acute pneumonia and severe blood clot formation in brain, heart, kidney and lung. The use of low-molecular weight heparins has been shown to reduce the risk of thrombosis and reduce fatality rates among COVID-19 patients. In this study, we investigated the antithrombotic activity of different parts of C. sativa extracts to determine its potential in preventing blood clots in patients with thromboprophylaxis. The extracts of leaf, stem, root, immature flower and seed of C. sativa showed strong inhibitory activities on blood clot formation. In particular, the flower extract showed the strongest inhibitions against blood coagulation factors and thrombin. Strong hemolysis activities were observed in flower extract and seed extract, suggested that removal of the hemolysis active compounds in th extracts is necessary. This is a first report of anti-thrombosis activities of different parts of C. sativa extracts, and our results suggest that C. sativa extract has potential has a valuable bioresource for high-value products.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare bleeding tendency of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) using platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) in patients with major depressive disorder. Methods : This study is a prospective open-label study conducted by a single institution. A total of 41 subjects diagnosed with major depressive disorder under the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria participated in this study. The subjects were classified into SSRI (escitalopram) groups and SNRI (duloxetine) groups, respectively, according to random assignments. The closure time (CT) was measured using a platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) before each antidepressant was administered and after 6 weeks. Paired-sample t-test was conducted within each group to determine whether a specific antidepressant had an effect on closure time. In order to confirm the relative change in platelet function between the two groups, an independent sample t-test was conducted to compare and analyze the change in closure time between the two groups. Results : There was no significant changes in closure time (CEPI-CT, CADP-CT) before and 6 weeks after drug administration in the SSRI and SNRI groups, and there was no difference in the amount of changes in closure time between the two groups. Conclusions : Our results showed no difference in bleeding tendency between SSRI and SNRI. This study suggests that further large-scale studies on bleeding tendency for various antidepressants are needed in the future.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.87-115
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• 2024

In Korea, exposure to stress has been accompanied by mental pain in the process of achieving many growth along with rapid development, various social problems, and the frequency of emergency hospitalization is increasing.. In the case of mentally ill patients, "unwanted hospitalization" is a problem, and police and 119 paramedics try to suppress the body of mentally ill patients, and many problems are exposed This is because the constituent requirements of the provisions of emergency hospitalization under the Mental Health and Welfare Act do not reflect reality, and each institution has a different position on one mentally ill person, and emergency hospitalization does not proceed smoothly or leads to friction between related organizations, and the safety of the mentally ill or others is not secured. Emergency hospitalization is defined as "a person who finds a person who is presumed to be mentally ill and is at high risk of harming his or her health or safety or others," and if the situation is so urgent that he or she cannot afford time to go through the hospitalization procedure to decide on his or her own hospitalization, he or she can request emergency hospitalization with the consent of a doctor and a police officer. In this case, 119 paramedics are escorted to a psychiatric institution. This provision of emergency hospitalization poses many problems in the process of transferring to psychiatric institutions. If a police officer or 119 paramedics in charge of practice use "physical force" during the emergency hospitalization process, side effects will inevitably occur, and professional negligence can be a problem. Specifically, when exercising physical force, the minimum necessary physical restraint based on laws and regulations and proportional principles is required, and the lack of the duty of care of 119 paramedics or police officers under the laws and regulations will eventually be resolved by applying other laws and regulations. Accordingly, it will be an opportunity for mentally ill patients to be transferred to psychiatric institutions in a safe environment by changing the subject of emergency hospitalization provisions under the Mental Health Welfare Act, defining and prescribing the use of physical protection guards as the enforcement regulations of the Mental Health Act, setting the duty of care for 119 paramedics and police officers, and creating an environment for transportation so that mentally ill patients can be treated safely.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.64
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• pp.81-93
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• 2004

It is well known that the lots of people interest in health of their future life. But it is difficult to find the way how to improve their health. The purpose of this paper is to recommended the items that helps the health. in this paper emphasis the social dance is the best way to achieve the goat.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.342-345
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• 2005

본 연구는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae를 단백질 분해 효소로 처리하여 얻은 가수분해물의 식욕 억제 효과에 대한 기초 자료를 마련하고자 실시되었다. 본 연구에서 열량 및 영양소 섭취,체구성 및 기초대사량 그리고 신체둘레 및 피하지방 두께를 측정한 결과 전반적으로 ID군에 비해 YD군의 체중 감량 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 효모가수분해물의 식욕감소에 관련한 결과의 생각되나 4주라는 비교적 짧은 연구기간으로 인해 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않은 것으로 사료된다.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2013

Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy(CIMT) is considered as one of the most interesting upper extremity rehabilitation in the field of neurorehabilitation. CIMT is an intensive training provided in the affected upper limb for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week for 2 weeks, while unaffected arm is restrained for 90% of waking hours. Recently, instead of CIMT, modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy(mCIMT) has been applied because of the clinical limitations of CIMT. CIMT or mCIMT studies have used various outcome instruments to measure different aspects of upper limb function after intervention. There are various kinds of evaluation tools to measure different aspects of upper limb function after CIMT intervention. It has been proven that Pediatric Motor Activity Log(PMAL), Quality of Upper Extremities Skills Test(QUEST), Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function(MAULF), Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) are effective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cortical change in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy after CIMT. As a result, use-dependent cortical reorganization was revealed. Also, increased activity of the contralateral motor cortex and decreased activity of the ipsilateral cortex were found. It supports the mechanism of cortical reorganization, the principles of neural plasticity and specifically activation of the contralateral cortex, for improving upper limb function after CIMT.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.509-518
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was myokine product and role with physical activity and literature review. There is accumulating epidemiological evidence that a physically active life plays an independent role in the protection against type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colon cancer, dementia and even depression. And myokine has been regarded an important factor of exercise training and brain growth factor for the prevention of Alzheimier's disease. During exercise the release of anti-inflammatory myokine from contracting muscle controled the metabolic response, and IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-15 controled muscle hypertrophy, myogenesis and angiogenenesis. IL-6 promoted the lipid metabolism through AMPK activation. IL-1Ra, IL-10 and sTNF-R inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$ as the pro-inflammatory cytokine. IL-15 increased the releasing volume from contracting muscle, and promoted the anabolic factor of muscle growth. IL-7 and IL-8 activated the angiogenesis through the more activation of C-X-C receptor signal transmission.