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Descending Controls: The Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain

하행성 조절계 : 만성 통증에 대한 제어 작용

  • Kim, Min-Jae (Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kang, Soo-Kyung (Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Chun, Yang-Hyun (Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Hong, Jung-Pyo (Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Auh, Q-Schick (Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University)
  • 김민재 (경희대학교 치의학전문대학원 안면통증구강내과학교실) ;
  • 강수경 (경희대학교 치의학전문대학원 안면통증구강내과학교실) ;
  • 전양현 (경희대학교 치의학전문대학원 안면통증구강내과학교실) ;
  • 홍정표 (경희대학교 치의학전문대학원 안면통증구강내과학교실) ;
  • 어규식 (경희대학교 치의학전문대학원 안면통증구강내과학교실)
  • Received : 2013.05.26
  • Published : 2013.06.30

Abstract

The descending control system is composed of a group of structures in the midbrain, medulla oblongata and pons that form a network of descending inhibitory projections. In the clinical setting, it has been shown that the application of a electrical counterirritant to these structures and diminishes the pain in patients. Thus, depression and anxiety have been shown to predict the development of chronic neuropathic pain state. These factors could influence pain might also involve descending controls. Interestingly, reduced descending controls are seen in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and theses patients had greater anxiety, depression compared to controls. And, the influence of anxiety on the chronicity of pain and on the descending control pathways should be tested in animal models, using modern techniques. Given this Knowledge, it is no wonder that pain is a highly personal experience that is susceptible to a variety of biologic, pharmacologic, and environmental influences.

하행성 억제계란 중뇌, 연수, 뇌교에 존재하는 해부학적 유해수용 조절성 기전을 일컫는 용어이다. 이들 부위를 전기적으로 자극을 하면 진통효과가 나타나며, 하행성 억제계의 실패시 지속적인 통증이 야기된다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 우울불안 같은 질환은 만성 신경병성 통증 상태로 쉽게 진행됨이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 요인들이 만성 신경병성 통증에 영향을 주는 경로는 아마도 하행성 억제계일 가능성이 있다. 흥미롭게도, 광범위하게 하행성 억제계가 작동하지 않을 경우 과민성 대장증상이 호발하는 것으로 보인다. 또한 이러한 환자들은 높은 불안, 우울 지수가 관찰되기도 한다. 다양한 연구에서, 하행성 억제계에 관여하는 ${\alpha}2$ 아드레날린성 약물, 아편유사약물들이 만성 통증에 사용될 수 있음을 동물에서 평가 중이다. 아직 신체내에서 얼마나 하행성 억제계가 일어나고 있는가에 대해서는 임상적으로 증명하기 힘든 감이 있지만, 여러 감각 신경기전의 수정에 중요한 구실을 하고 있는 것으로 믿어진다. 즉 중추신경계는 대상을 인식하기 위해 말초정보를 받아들이는 기능만 있는 것이 아니라 여러 방법으로 정보의 홍수를 조절하고 선택하는 기능을 동시에 갖추고 있는 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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