• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.327-332
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• 1999

The prevalence and serotype of food-borne pathogens was investigated from 888 samples of chilled meat, 222 samples of packed frozen meat and 117 samples of imported frozen meat during the period from March 1996 to October 1998. Isolation rates of pathogens associated with food poisoning were revealed in order of Staphyloccus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni /coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp, but Escherichia coli O157:H7 was not isolated in all of the meat samples. Amusingly, Campylobacter jejuni /coli were isolated highly in refrigerated meat, but was not isolated in packed frozen meat. L. monocytogenes was encounted higher isolation frequency in packed frozen chicken meat than in refrigerated chicken meat. In the distribution of serotypes of isolates, most isolates of Sta. aureus classified as enterotoxin type C and D. All of the Salmonella spp. isolated from pork were diagnosed group A and most of isolates from chicken meat were grouped B and D. Most of L. monocytogenes isolated from chicken meat were grouped type 1 and a few number of isolates classified as type 4.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1978.10a
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• pp.207.4-207
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• 1978

여름철에 빈번히 발생하는 세균성 식중독의 주요 원인세균의 하나인 장염 Vibrio 균에 대한 연구 보고는 국내외적으로 많지만 우리나라에서는 수온이 $10^{\circ}C$ 이하인 겨울철에는 일반적으로 검출되지않는다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 이 균의 활동성을 알아보기 위하여 부산 용호만 일대에서 평균기온이 $0^{\circ}C$ 부근인 1978년 1월과 2월에 해수, 저질패류를 채취하여 시험한 결과를 보고하는 바이다. 1) 해수 500mι씩을 membrane filter paper로 처리하여 증균배양한 결과 10회중 3회에서 장염 Vibrio 균이 검출되었다. 2) 저질의 경우는 8회중 7회, 패류의 경우에서는 10회중 2회에서 이 균이 분리되었다. 3) 결론적으로 장염 Vibrio 균은 연안의 저질에서 활동하는 사실을 알 수 있었으며, 여름철이 아닌 겨울철에도 생선어패류에 있어서는 장염 Vibrio 균에 의한 식중독을 완전히 배제할 수 없음을 알수 있었다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.6-15
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• 2014

This study was performed to acquire the information on the foodborne pathogen risk management programs in a couple of developed countries by the expert meeting and searching the information on the web. The backgrounds, strategies and effects related to microbial hazards of the foodborne pathogen reduction programs in fresh produce (US), Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef (US), Salmonella in chicken, pork and eggs (Denmark), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood (Japan) were investigated for case study. A comparison among the pathogen reduction programs was conducted to find advantages and disadvantages and implications of the policies to bring out implications of the programs. A model for foodborne pathogen reduction program was developed based on both the CODEX risk management scheme and the case studies as follows; 1) preliminary risk management activities, 2) planing a foodborne pathogen reduction program, 3) option identification and selection, 4) implementation (conducting the each stake-holders role and applying the intervention methods), 5) monitoring activities, 6) interim review, 7) continuation or amendment of implementation method by the interim review before achieving the goal, and 8) final review and additional cost-benefit analysis if necessary. This proposed model according to the role of the stake-holders can be used to conduct microbial risk management programs in Korea in the near future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.114-120
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of chopping boards made of various materials such as three antibiotic plastics, a general plastic, and various woods (red pine, rubber tree, cypress, birch, and bamboo) using zone inhibition assay and real-time PCR. Wood chopping boards showed high antimicrobial activity against Vibrio vulnificus, while plastic chopping boards showed high antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. Bamboo chopping board among the wood chopping boards showed the highest antimicrobial activity against five foodborne bacteria such as E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae, and V. vulnificus. These results may be helpful in the selection of a chopping board with high antimicrobial activity and in the application of hygiene procedures for prevention of cross-contamination.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness and practice of Korean consumer on food safety. A telephone survey was conducted from 1,040 adults randomly selected from each province and large city of Korea. Therefore, 12.4% of the subjects experienced foodborne illness at least once a year and 0.3% was hospitalized due to the illness. General restaurant (37.2%) and home (21.2%) were the main causative place of foodborne illness, and the most frequently associated foods were meat and meat products (41.7%) and fish and fish products (18.7%). Regarding the causative agent of foodborne illness, the respsondents were aware of Cholera (75.5%), Vibrio gastroenteritis (73%), Shigellosis (65.5%), Bacillary dysentery (65.5%) and Salmonellosis (47.5%) very well; however very few were aware of Listeriosis (9.9%) and brucellosis (8.3%) and ever believed they were not food-related illness. When the survey data were analyzed based on 3 models (Model 1: Knowledge about the pathogens associated food and water, Model 2: The awareness of food safety, Model 3: Attitudes and behavior about foodborne disease prevention and measure) by Multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the awareness of the causative agent of foodborne illness was significantly related with the previous experience of foodborne illness (OR: 1.714) followed by education level (OR: 0.536) and married status (OR: 0.527). The awareness of food safety was significatly related with education level (OR: 0.702). Education (OR: 0.816) and gender (OR:0.650) were the main factors affecting the awareness of the practice to prevent foodborne illness. However, the previous experience of foodborne illness and food safety education, and the awareness of food safety did not show any correlation, suggesting that the experience and awareness of foodborne illness do not affect the real practice of food safety.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2011

In this study, two duplex real-time PCR approach with melting curve analysis is presented for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, which are important food-borne bacterial pathogens usually present in fresh and/or minimally processed vegetables. Reaction conditions were adjusted for the simultaneous amplification and detection of specific fragments in the ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (uidA, E. coli), thermonuclease (nuc, S. aureus), hemolycin (hly, L. monocytogenes) and tetrathionate reductase (ttr, Salmonella spp.) genes. Melting curve analysis using a SYBR Green I real-time PCR approach showed characteristic $T_m$ values demonstrating the specific and efficient amplification of the four pathogens; $80.6{\pm}0.9^{\circ}C$, $86.9{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, $80.4{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$ and $88.1{\pm}0.11^{\circ}C$ for S. aureus, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp., respectively. For all the pathogens, the two duplex, real-time PCR was equally sensitive to uniplex real-time PCR, using same amounts of purified DNA, and allowed detection of 10 genome equivalents. When our established duplex real-time PCR assay was applied to artificially inoculated fresh lettuce, the detection limit was $10^3$ CFU/g for each of these pathogens without enrichment. The results from this study showed that the developed duplex real-time PCR with melting curve analysis is promising as a rapid and cost-effective test method for improving food safety.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.262-266
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• 2017

To enable effective notification and promotion of the food poisoning prevention, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) developed a mobile augmented reality (AR) game called 'Sik-Jung-Dok-Jop GO', and demonstrated the game at 11 events including Food Safety Day. At the events, we have conducted a field survey of people who have played the game, and evaluated the awareness change of the food poisoning before and after the game. The level of the respondents' awareness about the 3 methods of the food poisoning prevention has been increased by 53 percent after playing the game, the level of awareness about individual food poisoning micro-organism has been improved by 2.1 times. According to the survey, 95% at the respondents answered that the game helped them understand the food poisoning more, and 90% of the respondents said that they enjoyed the game. In conclusion, we believe that 'Sik-Jung-Dok-Jop GO' will be able to create various educative effects on prevention of food poisoning including causative foods, main symptoms, and other related knowledge when the game is widely applied to students in kindergartens, elementary, middle, and high schools.

• Food Industry
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• s.109
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• pp.34-40
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• 1991

1. 환자발생 규모는 10명 이하가 $38.0\%$로 가장 많았고 50명 이상의 대규모 발생도 $13.0\%$이었다. 대규모 환자발생은 세균성 식중독이 원인이었다. 2. 전체 식중독에 $67.3\%$가 7월부터 9월에 집중되어 계절의 변화에 영향받고 있음을 알 수 있다. Vibrio에 의한 발생은 특히 하절기에 높았고 Salmonella, Staphyloccus는 상대적으로 연중 계속해서 발생 가능성을 보였다. 독성물질에 의한 식중독은 계절과 무관하였으나 식물성 식중독은 7, 8월에 집중되고 있다. 3. 세균성 식중독이 $56.2\%$, 독성물질에 의한 식중독이 $17.8\%$이었다. 세균성 식중독의 원인균은 Vibrio $35.4\%$, Salmonella $27.2\%$, Escheri-chia coli $17.7\%$, Staphylococcus $17.7\%$ 순이었다. 독성물질에 의한 식중독은 식물성 식중독이 $64\%$로 가장 많았다. 4. Vibrio 식중독의 주원인식품은 해산물이지만 cross-contamination에 의해 오염된 다른 식품으로도 발생한 것으로 나타났다. Salmone-lla 식중독은 관혼상제시 거의 빠지지 않고 제공되는 돼지고기 편육이 주원인식품이었다. 5. 전체 식중독의 $76.8\%$가 가정과 식품접객업소(구내식당 포함)에서 발생되었으며, 특히 도시지역은 $66.4\%$가 식품접객업소에서 농촌지역은 $58.9\%$가 가정에서 발생되어 지역간의 차이를 보였다. 6. 독버섯은 독성물질에 의한 식중독의 주원인식품으로 농촌가정에서 일상식을 통한 섭취로 많이 발생되고 있으며, 사망자의 발생이 가장 많은 치명적인 원인식품이었다. 7. 식품접객업소에서 발생된 식중독의 주원인식품은 해산물이며, 덜익혀지거나 생선회 같이 날것을 섭취하여 발생하였다. 8. 생일잔치 및 회갑연, 결혼 피로연, 문상, 제사 등의 관혼상제시 발생되는 식중독은 농촌지역의 가정에서 주로 발생되고 있다. 구내 식당 및 관광지 음식점의 식중독 발생이 많은 것은 이들 시설에 대한 위생관리가 미비하여 대규모 식중독 발생의 위험이 항시 존재하고 있다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.910-914
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• 2005

This study was to determine the inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of leaf, bark and xylem of Quercus aliena Blume and, consecutively, of organic solvent subfractions against food borne pathogens. The ethanol extracts of leaf, bark and xylem of Quercus aliena Blume were shown to have antimicrobial effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium were more resistant to ethanol extracts of the Quercus aliena Blume tissues compared with Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The ethanol extract of Quercus aliena Blume leaf showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against food borne pathogens, followed by those of xylem and bark. The ethanol extract treatment $(500\~1,000\mu g/mL)$ of Quercus aliena Blume leaf completely reduced the growth of B. cereus and L. monocytogenes within 24 hour whereas $2,000\mu g/mL$ of ethanol extract was needed for complete growth inhibition of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium. Among organic solvent subfractions obtained from the ethanol extract of leaf, bark and xylem of Quercus aliena Blume, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activity, but no antimicrobial activity was observed in chloroform, hexane and water fractions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.6 s.73
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• pp.941-947
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• 2005

The contamination frequency of major foodborne pathogenic bacteria was investigated from 213 seafood samples including sliced raw fish and shellfish in Busan and CyeongNam province area. Tested microorganisms were Salmonella spp. Staphyloroccus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bncillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter jejuni. The frequency of isolated microorganisms was V. parahaemolyticus (30.5%), B. cereus (9.9%), S. aureus (3.8%) and other pathogenic bacteria (1.4%). from July to October, total isolation rates were greater than 50% and V. parahaemolyticus was dominant among the microorganisms isolated. The bacteria isolation rate (49.2%) in raw seafoods including shellfishes was higher than one (28.9%) in sliced raw fish. V. parahaemelyticus isolates were resistant to ampicillin (96.9%), amikacin (29.2%) and tetracycline (27.7%), and B. cereus isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%), Penicillin G (100%), rifampicin (71.4%) and tetracycline (14.3%). The growth of V. parahaemolyticus and B. rereus was greatly inhibited below $10^{\circ}C$, but increased at ambient temperature. Washing seafood with tap water showed to reduce total count of remaining V. parahaemolyticus. Thus temperature control under $10^{\circ}C$, sufficient washing and prompt eating appeared to reduce the risk of food poisoning by these bacteria in seafoods.