• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1984

Using the Duff and Noland's method, the annual ring growth patterns of the red pine in the natural stands were examined at two locations; Seocheon, Chungnam-do where the stand had been infested with the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis, during the years from 1975 to 1978, and Hongsong, Chungnam-do where had been no incidence of the insect damage. The results obtained are as follows: 1) With the normal red pine of 13 year old, the growth pattern in the oblique sequence indicates that the annual growth rates are maximum at the few terminal internodes, and decrease gradually with the downward internodes. Such characteristic of the growth pattern is not clear in the horizontal sequence of annual rings. 2) The indications of the radial growth reduction of the pine tree due to the pine gall midge infestation could be examined with any of three series at the crown level internodes; horizontal, vertical and oblique series. For the basal internodes, however, the horizontal series appeared to be inadequate for the analysis of the damage impact because it seemed to be masked by various factors other than direct effects of the damage. 3) Of the three ways of radial growth analyses, oblique sequence seems to be the most usefull, especially for the detection of the impact on growth caused by incipient or light infestation.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.51-67
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to estimate the housing area per capita for verifying if the public Big Data, of the building ledger and resident registration ledger, can be used as well as the National Census and Housing Survey. The Mankiw and Weil (MW) model was constructed by extracting samples of general detached houses and flat houses from the public big data, and compared with the result from traditional survey method. Then, the MW models of 25 municipalities in Seoul was established. As a result, it can be confirmed that it is possible to establish MW models comparable to regular surveys using public big data, and to establish a model for each basic localities which was difficult to use as a regular survey method. Public Big Data has the advantage of expanding the knowledge frontier, but there are some limitations because it uses data generated for other original purposes. Also, the difficult process of accessing personal information is a burden to carry out analysis. It is expected that continuing research should be needed on how public Big Data would be processed to complement or replace traditional statistical surveys.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.174-183
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• 1996

Acoustic emission(AE) response during stress corrosion cracking(SCC) of Inconel 600 alloy has been monitored to study the AE detectability of crack generation and growth by comparing the crack behavior with AE parameters processed, and to evaluate the applicability as a nondestructive evaluation(AE) by measuring the minimum crack size detectable with AE. Variously heat-treated specimens were tensioned by constant extension rate test(CERT) in various extension rate to give rise to the different SCC behavior of specimens. The AE amplitude level generated from intergranular stress-corrosion cracking(IGSCC) is higher than those from ductile fracture and mechanical deformation, which means the AE amplitude can be a significant parameter for distinguishing the An source. AE can also provide the effective means to identify the transition from the small crack initiation and formation of dominant cracks to the dominant crack growth. Minimum crack size detectable with AE is supposed to be approximately 200 to $400{\mu}m$ in length and below $100{\mu}m$ in depth. The test results show that AE technique has a capability for detecting the early stage of IGSCC growth and the potential for practical application as a NDE.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out at Yeongnam Crop Experiment Station since 1992 to obtain basic information on ecology of weeds and weedy rice in direct-seeded rice fields. Annual grass weeds of Echinochloa sp., Leptochloa sp., Digitaria sp. and Setaria sp.(C4 plant) and weedy rice(C3 plant) were important species in direct seeded rice compared to transplanted rice field. Period of seedling emergence of barnyard grass was varied from 8 days to 20 days depending on seeding date while it was shorter 4 to 6 days than rice. Weed occurrence and the degree of yield loss were varied by cultivation method. In direct seeding method weeds increased 2 to 3 times compared to manual transplanting. The greatest yield loss was recorded in direct seeding(40 to 100%) followed by mechanical transplanting(25 to 35%) and hand transplanting(10 to 20%), in order. Double cropping of rice-barley was reduced weeds about 30% than rice single crop due to alleopathic effect of barley residue or stubble. Weedy rice(red rice) occurrence was closely related with seeding date and tillage methods. Early seeding and reduced tillage enhanced the growth of weedy rice.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2015

Korean Poaceae includes approximately 80 species of the agricultural weeds. Precise species identification is the first step for more effective weed management in the agricultural fields. However, the identification of species in Poaceae is not easy without the assistance of taxonomists or identification experts although they are relatively easy to distinguish from the plants of the other family by the unique characteristics of caryopsis. Thus, DNA barcode was suggested as an alternative powerful technique for species identification by using short sections of DNA from a specific region of the genome. Two standard barcode markers of vascular plants, chloroplast rbcL and matK, and a supplementary nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region were used for barcode of major Korean Poaceae weeds, 403 individuals of 84 taxa. All the barcode markers revealed a good level of sequencing success with the lowest 73.7% for matK and the highest 88.8% for rbcL. The barcode sequences were deposited to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database for public use. Combined matK and ITS showed very high resolving power with 92.9%. Besides the identification of weeds for weed managment, the generated DNA barcode data could be used for many other applications such as rapid biodiversity assessment and conservation prioritization.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

The consistency and homogeneity of repetitive printing of artificial fingerprint were evaluated using a visual minutiae comparison method and an Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). The standard latent fingerprint pattern was prepared by the printing of a master digital fingerprint pattern with an inkjet printer cartridge case filled with artificial sweat. The master digital fingerprint pattern was prepared with a scanning of an inked fingerprint pattern of a living subject. The intensities of the master digital fingerprint pattern were adjusted by changing the 'output level' values of the Adobe Photoshop CS 5 software. Number of standard latent fingerprint patterns were printed and then developed with conventional latent fingerprint developing methods; ninhydrin treatment method and 1,2-indandion(1,2-IND)/$ZnCl_2$ treatment method. The ridge details of the latent fingerprint patterns developed with the reagents were visually compared with the inked fingerprint pattern and could confirm that the minutiae of both patterns are visually identical. The ridge detail of the inked fingerprint and reagent developed standard latent fingerprint patterns were compared with an AFIS. The average number of minutiae searched by the AFIS was $52.4{\pm}2.4$ (range = 48~56) for 50 ninhydrin developed latent fingerprint patterns, and $50.2{\pm}1.9$ (range = 47~53) for 50 1,2-IND/$ZnCl_2$ developed latent fingerprint patterns. These low standard deviation values over 50 repetitive printing demonstrated that the 50 standard latent patterns were printed with consistent and homogeneous manner.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.205-220
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• 2018

Software defect prediction is helpful for allocating valuable project resources effectively for software quality assurance activities thanks to focusing on the identified fault-prone modules. If historical data collected within a company is sufficient, a Within-Project Defect Prediction (WPDP) can be utilized for accurate fault-prone module prediction. In case a company does not maintain historical data, it may be helpful to build a classifier towards predicting comprehensible fault prediction based on Cross-Project Defect Prediction (CPDP). Since CPDP employs different project data collected from other organization to build a classifier, the main obstacle to build an accurate classifier is that distributions between source and target projects are not similar. To address the problem, because it is crucial to identify effective similarity measure techniques to obtain high performance for CPDP, In this paper, we aim to identify them. We compare various similarity measure techniques. The effectiveness of similarity weights calculated by those similarity measure techniques are evaluated. The results are verified using the statistical significance test and the effect size test. The results show k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), LOcal Correlation Integral (LOCI), and Range methods are the top three performers. The experimental results show that predictive performances using the three methods are comparable to those of WPDP.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.700-708
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• 2015

A software birthmark is the set of characteristics of a program which can be used to identify the program. Many researchers have studied on detecting theft of java programs using some birthmarks. In case of Android apps, code obfuscation techniques are used to protect the apps against reverse-engineering and tampering. However, attackers can also use the obfuscation techniques in order to conceal a stolen program. A birthmark (feature) of an app can be alterable by code obfuscations. Therefore, it is necessary to detect Android app theft based on the birthmark which is resilient to code obfuscation. In this paper, we propose an effective Android app birthmark and app theft detection through the proposed birthmark. By analyzing some obfuscation tools, we have first selected parameter and the return types of methods as an adequate birthmark. Then, we have measured similarity of target apps using the birthmarks extracted from the apps, where some target apps are not obfuscated and the others obfuscated. The measurement results show that our proposed birthmark is effective for detecting Android app theft even though the apps are obfuscated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2018

The ocean is a harsh environment and Korea Coast Guard officers often face the threat of death or going missing in the line of duty. In order to promptly identify unknown bodies during mishaps, Korea Coast Guard Research Center has established an identification system using the DNA of its officers. This collected DNA can also be entombed in National Cemeteries when the remains are not recovered. The storage, disposal and quality control of the materials are overseen by the Governing Committee according to the Enforcement Rules for the Human Biological Materials Storage Project for the Identification of Officers Killed or Gone Missing in Action. Approximately 700 bodies are found per year along the Korean coast. An alternative method should be put in place for when identification through fingerprints and teeth are not applicable due to severe decomposition or partial recovery. We believe it would greatly contribute to helping identify the unknown bodies if the storage project could expand its data to include marine industry workers, relevant researchers and those involved in marine leisure activities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 2009

This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the forest vegetation located in the whole area of Mt. Boryeonsan in Noeunmyeon, Chungju city, Chungcheongbuk Province, Korea using the methodology of the ZM school of phytosociology. The forest vegetation was classified into one Larix leptolepis afforestation, five secondary communities including Qurecus acutissima community, Pinus densiflora community, Quercus aliena community, Quercus serrata community, Quercus variabilis community and one association, Ainsliaeo-Quercetum mongolicae Song et al. 1999(Rhododendro schlippenbachii-Quercion mongolicae, Aceri pseudosieboldiani-Quercetalia mongolicae, Quercetea mongolicae). The research expatiated on the relationship between species composition of the forest communities and the environmental conditions, such as human interference, altitude, slope, topography and chemical properties of soil, and also analyzed the life form by each community. As a result, the Ainsliaeo-Quercetum mongolicae was judged as the most stable community among the forest communities identified here. On the other hand, a division of cluster analysis based on the dominance of the component species, appeared similar to the community units classified phytosociologically. Thus, it is inferred that the survey area will be dominated by the potential natural vegetation, Ainsliaeo-Quercetum mongolicae finally, if progressive succession is advanced continuously.