• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.225-234
• /
• 2012

This report describes recent advances in tissue culture and genetic transformation of commercial Phalaenopsis. Recently, an importance of Phalaenopsis has been increased due to its popularity with beautiful flowers and is widely used for pot plants as well as cut-flower. Its use is rapidly enlarging in worldwide. Thus, demands for the release of new elite cultivars in Phalaenopsis have been increased. During the last several decades, some critical progresses have been made in tissue culture and genetic transformation in Phalaenopsis species. Cooperation with these biotechnological methods are supposed to promote the release of commercial Phalaenopsis cultivars in the near future. Until now, no technical review on tissue culture and genetic transformation in Phalaenopsis has been reported in Korea. Therefore, we inquired the brief history and techniques of tissue culture system in Korea.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 1993

Promoters of the chlorophyll a/b bidning protein genes, cab1, and cab2, of Arabidopsis thaliana were studied for their functions in differential expression during greening of etiolated shoots. The etiolated shoots were derived from leaves of transgenic tobacco plants with the cab-CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) translational fusions, and CAT activity was measured to monitor the activities of the cab promoters. Cab1 promoter activity increased rapidly and showed saturation after about 24 hours of greening, but that of cab2 increased with about 2 day-lag period and showed saturation after 6 days. Cab1 promoter activity was more sensitive to levulinic acid (LA) compared with cab2 activity. Cab2 promoter activity was inhibited more sensitively by chloramphynicol (CAP) than by inhibitors of Chl formation. Cab1 promoter activity was, however, inhibited less sensitively by CAP than by LA. The treatment of abscisic acid (ABA) did not block Chl synthesis so significantly as LA treatment did, and cab2 promoter activity was much less sensitive to ABA compared with that of cab1. These results suggest that cab1 expression is strongly related with Chl formation, possibly with $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid accumulation, and cab2 expression is suppressed more by the blockage of translation of Chl a-apoproteins than by the blockage of Chl a accumulation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.357-369
• /
• 2010

Cymbidium is horticulturally important and has been one of the most commercially successful orchid plants as well as cut flowers around the world including Korea. Up to now, a huge number of elite Cymbidium cultivars have been released on the commercial market via cross-hybridization, mutation and polyploidization breeding techniques. To investigate on breeding system in Cymbidium, we inquired the brief history and techniques of breeding and the current status on Cymbidium breeding in Korea. Also, the general propagation process of elite Cymbidium lines via tissue culture should be presented. However, the slow process of conventional breeding and the lack of useful genes in Cymbidium species delays the introduction of new cultivars to the commercial market. To solve these limitations, efficient regeneration and genetic transformation systems should be established in the improvement of Cymbidium breeding program. During the last several decades, some progress has been made in tissue culture and genetic transformation in Cymbidium species. We review the recent status of tissue culture and genetic transformation systems in Cymbidium plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.379-387
• /
• 2010

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an important crop due to its high oil content in the seed. Recently, the demand for the improvement of crop for biodisel energy source is increased as oil prices in the world has increased dramatically. Until now, oilseed rape breeding was carried out by cross-hybridization between different varieties and related germplasms. However, like as many other crops, the application of tissue culture and gene transformation systems has been introduced into oilseed rape breeding program including the development of transgenic canola plants. In this study, we reviewed a history of tissue culture and genetic transformation research in oilseed rape plants and indicated some important aspects for the production of transgenic oilseed rape plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.400-407
• /
• 2010

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), also called Korean or Japanese lawngrass, is the most popular warm-season turfgrass in Korea and is widely used for home lawns, parks, roadsides, golf courses and athletic fields. Its use is rapidly expanding in Korea and the other countries, due to its excellent characteristics which include tolerance to heat, drought and salinity. As the utilization area of this turfgrass increases, there is an increase in the demand for improved cultivars with disease and insect tolerance or with herbicide-tolerance or with extended greening periods. Conventional breeding methods have been used to improve the traits described above with limited success. However, with the advances in biotechnology, genetic transformation can be utilized for turfgrass improvement. In this paper, we review recent progress in biotechnological improvement of zoysiagrass and discuss future molecular breeding of this species.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.456-464
• /
• 2010

Potato is one of the most important crops in the world. Due to vegetative propagation of this crop, techniques of plant tissue culture and genetic transformation are often applied for potato researches and a lot of progress has been made in the breeding programs using these techniques during the last decades. In potato, there have been several trials to introduce GM potato varieties to the world market, but they so far failed due to the changed legislation and unwillingness of large processors to process GM potatoes. These issues are highly associated with the general acceptances of the public and other political decisions. In addition to these, there are still obstacles to overcome to achieve the development of commercial potato variety and several factors to improve horticulturally important traits. In this study, therefore, we reviewed recent advances and research status on tissue culture and genetic transformation in potato and discussed future perspective.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2010

농작물에 심각한 피해를 주는 phytotoxin을 생산하는 S. scabiei ATCC 49173의 분자 유전학적인 연구를 위해 대장균으로부터 S. scabiei로 plasmid DNA를 도입하는 접합 전달법을 이용한 형질전환법을 확립하였다. 본 연구를 통해 확인된 S. scabiei의 접합전달용 최적배지는 50 mM의 $MgCl_2$를 첨가한 MS배지이며 접합전달에 사용되는 DNA 수용체인 포자는 $45^{\circ}C$의 열처리와 $5{\times}10^7$이상의 plasmid DNA 공여체가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 또 얻어진 접합전달체에 대하여 Southern blot hybridization과 벡터가 삽입된 염색체부분의 염기서열분석을 통해 attB site의 특성을 분석한 결과 S. scabiei 염색체의 pirin 상동체를 코드하는 ORF내에 단일위치로 존재하고 있으며 이미 밝혀진 다른 방선균유래 attB site의 염기서열에 대해 86.3%~96.1%의 상동성을 보였다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제21권9호
• /
• pp.1295-1300
• /
• 2011

식물체에서 당 조절 인자의 병 저항성 생리적 특성을 살펴보길 위하여, 원형질막에 존재하는 glucose 조절인자인 애기장대 AtPGR 유전자의 과발현 및 RNAi 형질전환체를 사용하였다[3]. AtPGR 유전자는 병원균 처리에 의하여 전사 발현양이 증가하였을 뿐만 아니라, JA와 SA 처리 시에도 AtPGR 전사 발현양이 증가함을 확인하였다. 과발현 형질전환체를 이용하여 병 저항성을 살펴본 결과, AtPGR 유전자는 병원균에 대해 저항성을 유도함을 알수 있었다. 또한 병원균 유도 증가 유전자로 알려진 PDF1.2 및 PR1 유전자 발현 양상을 qPCR을 통해 살펴본 결과, AtPGR 유전자는 PDF1.2 유전자를 SA 경로 하에서는 증가시키는 반면, JA 경로 하에서는 발현 증가량을 감소시키는 경향이 있음을 나타내었고, PR1 유전자의 발현은 JA 경로를 통해 조절할 것으로 생각되어진다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, AtPGR 유전자는 glucose 뿐만 아니라 병원균 반응에도 관련되어져 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.399-403
• /
• 2003

환경스트레스에 대한 항산화효소의 보호효과를 이해하고 효과적인 스트레스내성 식물을 개발하기 위하여 CuZnSOD와 APX를 엽록체에 발현시킨 형질전환식물체 (CA식물체)에 강한 빛 (highlight, 1,100$\mu$mol m$^{-2}$ sec$^{-1}$)과 4$^{\circ}C$ chilling을 처리하였다. CA식물체 잎절편에서의 보호효과를 CuZnSOD을 도입한 SOD식물체, APX을 도입된 APX식물체 및 비형질전환식물체 (NT식물체)의 것과 비교하였다. CA식물체의 광계2에서의 광합성 효율 (Fv/Fm)은 highlight와 4$^{\circ}C$ chilling복합처리 1시간째에서 NT식물체에 비해 약 15%의 보호효과를 나타내었고, 광계1에서의 P700 redox state는 처리 후 3시간째에 약 23%의 보호효과를 나타내었다. SOD식물체와 APX식물체의 복합처리에 대한 보호효과는 CA식물체와 NT식물체의 중간 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 엽록체에서 CuZnSOD와 APX의 동시발현이 highlight와 chilling에 의한 산화스트레스를 극복하는 데 매우 중요하게 관여함을 직접적으로 제시하는 것이다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 1997

십자화과 향신료 작물인 서양고추냉이 (Armoracia rusticana (Lam.) Gaerth., May. et Scherbs)의 재분화에 미치는 제 요인을 조사하였다. 서양고추냉이의 callus로부터 식물체 재분화는 IAA 0.5 mg/L, BA 5.0 mg/L, spermine 10 mg/L이 첨가된 MS배지에서 가장 높았다. BA 2.0 mg/L과 NAA 2.0 mg/L가 첨가된 MS배지에 엽, 엽병, 뿌리의 조직을 치상한 결과 각각의 조직으로부터 체세포배가 발생하였으며, 기관발생 경로를 거쳐서 식물체가 재분화 되었으며, 빈도는 낮았지만 생장조절물질이 포함되지 않은 MS배지에서도 각 조직으로부터 식물체가 분화되었다. 수소이온 농도는 pH 4.0부터 8.0의 비교적 넓은 범위에서 multiple shoot가 형성되었으며, polyamine류의 첨가는 shoot와 뿌리의 형성을 촉진시켰다. Callus로부터 뿌리 또는 잎이 분화 중인 조직에서 특이적인 단백질이 생성되는 것이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과, 서양고추냉이는 생장점 배양, 체세포배발생, 기관발생과정을 각기 거쳐 식물체가 재생될 수 있는 식물체로 확인되었다. 서양고추냉이의 이러한 특성은 세포, 조직, 기관의 형태형성 연구 및 형질전환 연구에도 좋은 재료로 이용되리라 생각된다.