• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.3 s.122
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• pp.212-219
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• 2007

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide an anatomical reference for cortical bone and soft tissue thickness, and the attached gingiva width in the mandible. Methods: Fifteen males and fifteen females participated in this study. An acrylic template was fabricated and the radiopaque markers were bonded on the estimated alveolar crest to take measurements of the hard and soft tissue thickness at the same locations. CT images were taken in samples wearing an acrylic template. Cortical bone and soft tissue thickness were measured at 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm from the alveolar crest in interradicular spaces from central incisor to first permanent molar. The attached gingival width was calibrated. Results: Cortical bone thickness was $1.33{\pm}0.38mm$ and soft tissue thickness was $1.49{\pm}0.54mm$. Cortical bone thickness was increased in the posterior area, while it was not the case for the soft tissue thickness. In addition, the total thickness was $2.82{\pm}0.70$. The attached gingival width was wider in the anterior area compared to that in posterior area. Conclusion: These results suggest that the attached gingiva width should be considered upon placement of mini-implants in the mandibular posterior area for orthodontic anchorage.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.6 s.77
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• pp.699-706
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• 1999

Anchorage plays an important role in orthodontic treatment. Endosseous implants may be considered adequate firm anchorage. However, clinicians have hesitated to use endosseous implants as orthodontic anchorage because of limited implantation space, high cost, and long waiting period before osseointegration occurs. Recently, some clinicians have tried to use titanium miniscrews and microscrews in treatment due to their many advantages such as ease of insertion and removal, low cost, immediate loading, and the ability to place microscrews in any area of alveolar bone. The author treated a case with skeletal cortical anchorage using titanium microscrew implants. During six months of orthodontic force application from skeletal cortical anchorage, the author could get 4 mm bodily retraction and intrusion of upper anterior teeth. The most outstanding result was a 1.5 mm posterior refraction of the upper posterior teeth. The titanium microscrew implants had remained firm and stable throughout treatment. These results indicate that skeletal cortical anchorage might be a very good option.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.4 s.87
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• pp.415-424
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• 2001

Anchorage in orthodontics is very important factor for orthodontist to treat malocclusion from diagnosis and treatment planning to end of treatment. Skeletal anchorage like miniscrew is supposed to be more effective method in anchorage control than conventional anchorage which needs patient's good cooperation. So this article will be mentioned about various clinical application of miniscrew through the general investigation and case reports about orthodontic use of miniscrew, specially about screwing area and clinical consideration of miniscrew's screwing on midpalate. The changes of treatment philosophy and methods by using skeletal anchorage were summarized and following results were obtained. 1. The orthodontic anchorage changed from relative concept to absolute one. 2. Bodily movement of teeth gets easier and determinate force system is possible on biomechanical consideration. 3. Some part of treatment that needs surgical intervention is possible by just orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 2014

Retrograde peri-implantitis (RPI) is defined as a clinically symptomatic periapical lesion. RPI is generally accompanied by symptoms of pain, tenderness, swelling and fistula. Several etiologic factors of RPI were possible, residual bacteria would be the main cause of RPI. Various treatment modalities have been introduced: debridement only or a combination of debridement with the grafting material accompanied by a detoxification of the infected implant surfaces, apicoectomy and so on. Although the definitive management methods remain undefined, many favorable clinical results of a treatment of RPI have been published. This case report introduces the 7-year long-term clinical result of the application the principle: implant surface detoxification using saline and chlorhexidine and guided bone regeneration with bone graft material and barrier membrane. If the implant was not mobile, it would be possible to treat RPI according to surgical approach and good results will be maintained over long term.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.74-85
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• 2019

The aesthetic restoration of dental implants in the anterior maxilla is a challenge for clinicians because it requires proper harmony in three following conditions; reconstruction of hard tissue, soft tissue, and aesthetic prosthesis. A newer technique, VIP-CT (Vacularized Interpositional Periosteal Connective Tissue) graft has been introduced as an alternative to these technique which allows the clinicians perform large volume soft tissue augmentation in esthetic sites with a single procedure. The advantages of the VIP-CT graft technique are that it allows the reconstruction of large soft tissue deficiency, with little constriction postoperatively. Furthermore, it facilitates improved hard tissue augmentation due to the additional blood supply and improved bone healing by mesenchymal cells. Moreover, this technique reduces patient discomfort and treatment time. This clinical report describes the procedure of bone augmentation during immediate implantation in facial dehiscence defect, especially Vascularized Interpositional Periosteal Connective Tissue(VIP-CT) graft for aesthetic anterior soft tissue.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2015

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a stereolithographic surgical guide that was made with information from intraoral digital impressions and cone beam CT (CBCT). Materials and methods: Six sets of resin maxilla and mandible models with missing teeth were used in this study. Intraoral digital impressions were made. The virtual models provided by these intraoral digital impressions and by the CBCT scan images of the resin models were used to create a surgical guide. Implant surgery was performed on the resin models using the surgical guide. After implant placement, the models were subjected to another CBCT scan to compare the planned and actual implant positions. Deviations in position, depth and axis between the planned and actual positions were measured for each implant. Results: The mean deviation of the insertion point and angulation were 0.28 mm and $0.26^{\circ}$, apex point were 0.11 mm and 0.14 mm respectively. The implants were situated at a mean of 0.44 mm coronal to the planned vertical position. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that stereolithographic surgical guides created without the use of impressions and stone models show promising accuracy in implant placement.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.266-275
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• 2008

Dental endosseous implants require sufficient alveolar bone volume and quality for complete bone coverage and initial stability. But, atrophy or resorption of alveolar bone height and width according to patient's age and period of tooth loss can prevent ideal implant placement. Bone graft procedure has been proposed before or simultaneously with the placement of dental implants in patients with insufficient alveolar bone volume. While allografts, xenografts, and alloplastic bone grafts have been proposed and studied for alveolar ridge augmentation, the use of autogenous bone grafts represents the 'gold standard' for bone augmentation procedures. Conventional bone grafts are usually harvested from distant sites such as the ilium or ribs. Recently there is a growing use of intraoral bone grafts from intraoral donor sites such as mandibular symphysis, mandibular ramus and maxillary tuberosity. We recommend that the mandibular ramus is a safe autogenous bone graft donor site for bone harvesting with low morbidity. We report various effective autogenous bone graft procedures from mandibular ramus for the implant placement on various atrophic alveolar ridges.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.277-290
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• 2012

Dental implants are universal restorative method on edentulous site in oral cavity and generally recognized by patients as well as clinicians. Rapid bone resorption of labial portion of maxillary anterior area is performed due to dental trauma, chronic periodontitis, and so on. Accordingly, Implants on maxillary anterior alveolar ridge with narrow labiopalatal width would lead to bony defects of dehiscence or fenestration. In this case, guided bone regeneration procedure is used to augment maxillary anterior alveolar ridge. It can have mechanical and biological advantages to mix tissue adhesive with bone graft materials in guided bone regeneration procedure. In these cases, when the dehiscence or fenestration defects was occurred by dental implants on maxillary anterior alveolar ridge with narrow labiopalatal width, guided bone regeneration procedures were performed with various combination of particle bone graft materials(allograft, xenograft, and alloplast) mixed with fibrin glue, excepting autogerous bone. We reported that all of 4 cases showed favorable alveolar ridge augmentations.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 2019

Various techniques have been developed, and the development of piezo electric devices have made it possible to widen the alveolar ridge even if the residual bone is dense or if there is a lack of cancellous bone between the cortical bones. In the operation of the mandibular posterior area, the flap is easily accessible to the ramus bone, from which high quality autogenous bone can be obtained, compared to other parts. A small autologous bone block can be used with particulated bone graft material using one screw for bone regeneration instead of a large autologous bone with two screws. The tapered implant design can minimize buccal bone fracture, even in severely atrophic mandibular areas. We report a case of 4 years following implant placement with ridge splitting and small autogenous bone graft in severly atrophic mandible. This report demonstrates a case of functional and aesthetic restoration in a patient through a collaboration.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2011

Implants were placed after performing ridge expansion by inserting screws of gradually increasing thickness. Favorable clinical outcome was obtained. During surgery, buccal cortical plate fracture did not occur. Autogenous tooth bone graft material was grafted around the implant dehiscence defects and over the buccal cortical plate. The method involving the insertion of screws for ridge expansion is a successful and predictable technique for implant placement in narrow alveolar bone. Autogenous tooth bone graft material can be used for ridge augmentation and GBR.