• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.315-324
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a real-time pose estimation method for a monocular camera using a particle filter integrated with UKF (unscented Kalman filter). While conventional camera tracking techniques combine camera images with data from additional devices such as gyroscopes and accelerometers, the proposed method aims to use only two-dimensional visual information from the camera without additional sensors. This leads to a significant simplification in the hardware configuration. The proposed approach is based on a particle filter integrated with UKF. The pose of the camera is estimated using UKF, which is defined individually for each particle. Statistics regarding the camera state are derived from all particles of the particle filter, from which the real-time camera pose information is computed. The proposed method demonstrates robust tracking, even in the case of rapid camera shakes and severe scene occlusions. The experiments show that our method remains robust even when most of the feature points in the image are obscured. In addition, we verify that when the number of particles is 35, the processing time per frame is approximately 25ms, which confirms that there are no issues with real-time processing.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.533-540
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• 2010

This study was designed to examine the difference in visual attention between the evaluations of facial attractiveness and facial trustworthiness, both of which may be the two most fundamental social evaluation for forming first impressions under various types of social interactions. In study 1, participants were asked to evaluate the attractiveness and trustworthiness of 40 new faces while their gaze directions being recorded using an eye-tracker. The analysis revealed that participants spent significantly longer gaze fixation time while examining certain facial features such as eyes and nose during the evaluation of facial trustworthiness, as compared to facial attractiveness. In study 2, participants performed the same face evaluation tasks, except that a word was briefly displayed on a certain facial feature in each face trial, which were then followed by unexpected recall tests of the previously viewed words. The analysis demonstrated that the recognition rate of the words that had been presented on the nose was significantly higher for the task of facial trustworthiness vs. facial attractiveness evaluation. These findings suggest that the evaluation of facial trustworthiness may be distinguished by that of facial attractiveness in terms of the allocation of attentional resources.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.142-151
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was performed to search the relatively specific brain regions related to the semantic processing of Korean and English words on the one hand and the regions common to both on the other. Materials and Methods: Regional cerebral blood flow associated with different semantic tasks was examined using $[^{15}O]H_2O$ positron omission tomography in 13 healthy volunteers. The tasks consisted of semantic tasks for Korean words, semantic tasks for English words and control tasks using simple pictures. The regions specific and common to each language were identified by the relevant subtraction analysis using statistical parametric mapping. Results: Common to the semantic processing of both words, the activation site was observed in the fusiform gyrus, particularly the left side. In addition, activation of the left inferior temporal gyrus was found only in the semantic processing of English words. The regions specific to Korean words were observed in multiple areas, including the right primary auditory cortex; whereas the regions specific to English words were limited to the right posterior visual area. Conclusion: Internal phonological process is engaged in performing the visual semantic task for Korean words of the high proficiency, whereas visual scanning plays an important role in performing the task for English words of the low proficiency.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate whether there is intensionally changing eye - gaze on the cafe space images with floor finishing materials. In the Yarbus' experiment, he argued that changing information that an observer is asked to obtain from an image changes pattern of eye movements. Based on the scan path evidence, this research have questions as (1) the difference of visual attention on finishing floor material stimulus, (2) visual attention of initial activity time and type of movement paths on AOIs, and (3) visual relation floor area with another AOIs. Eye movements were recorded with the SMI REDn Scientific, which sampled eye position at 30Hz and lasted 2 minutes(120s). Although viewing was binocular, only the right eye was tracked. Of the 66 observers(mean age 22 years, standard deviation: ${\pm}1.82$) who participated in the experiment done by the four point calibration and validation procedures at the beginning tasks. Analyzing qualitative data from the number of fixation and duration on AOIs divided into four parts (AOI I-Floor, AOI II-Wall, AOI III-Ceiling, and AOI IV-Counter) in the stimulus. The results from this experiment analyzed as follows. First, it was significant in the difference of the average number of AOIs fixation times observed for the spatial image using the wood tile flooring material and the polishing tile. The wood tile flooring of stimulus had higher fixation number on AOI-II, AOI-III, and AOI-IV than the polishing tile. On seeing AOI-I was higher attention in the polishing tile stimulus. Second, the observers examined AOI-II intensively in both stimuli. However, the visual intensity was also followed by on the AOI-IV and AOI-I in the wood tile flooring stimulus, and on AOI-I, AO-IV in the polishing tile. Third, visual attention data on each AOIs have divided into the time range of "5 sec" for both images. In the wood tile stimulus, the horizontal movement path followed by AOI-II, AOI-IV, and AOI-II. In the polished tile stimulus, the movement path followed by moving vertically to AOI-II, AOI-I, and AOI-II. This study approached meaningfully and found out the characteristics of visual attention, according to the different intentions of visual attention, the relationship pathways of visual mechanism appeared and also activated by eye-tracking experiments.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 2001

항공 비디오의 가장 큰 장점은 협각조망범위에 동영상을 제공함으로서 저렴한 경비로 소폭/장거리 지상물체를 감시하는 최적의 원격탐사도구로 알려져 있다. 선형감시에 대한 비디오의 이와 같은 이론적인 장점에 의거하여 하천수질을 모니터링 하기 위한 비디오 샘플링 기법이 본 연구를 통해 제시되었다. 본 연구의 근본적인 의도는 전통적인 샘플링에 기반을항공 비디오의 가장 큰 장점은 협각조망범위에 동영상을 제공함으로서 저렴한 경비로 소폭/장거리 지상물체를 감시하는 최적의 원격탐사도구로 알려져 있다. 선형감시에 대한 비디오의 이와 같은 이론적인 장점에 의거하여 하천수질을 모니터링 하기 위한 비디오 샘플링 기법이 본 연구를 통해 제시되었다. 본 연구의 근본적인 의도는 전통적인 샘플링에 기반을 둔 현장조사의 개념을 디지털 비디오의 해석기법에 연계시키려는 것이었다. 특정 지점에서 시료를 채취하는 현지 샘플링조사와 동일한 방식으로 장거리에 걸친 하천의 수질감시를 위해 원격동영상을 컴퓨터 모니터에 디스플레이 하면서 비디오 샘플지점을 선정하여 수질을 감시하였다. 비디오 샘플링 기법은 하천 색조의 변화실태에 대한 가상현실의 형태로 정보를 제공했다. 다양한 샘플지점에서 나타나는 하천 색조의 변화추세를 가시적으로 파악할 수 있었으며 전통적인 현장 샘플링 방법으로는 추적하는 데 한계가 있는 특정오염원에 기인한 하천수질의 광역적인 변화패턴을 파악하는 데 상당한 가능성을 보여주었다. 이와 같이 영구적으로 보전된 영상기록은 오염 물질의 이동확산 등 수질환경의 광역적인 변화 추이에 대한 시각적인 정보를 제공하고 있어 현장샘플링과 동시에 사용할 경우 하천수질감시에 있어 상당히 유용한 도구가 될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 본 연구를 통해서 제시된 비디오 샘플링 기법이 도로, 철도, 송유관 등 다양한 선형지형지물의 환경감시에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 둔 현장조사의 개념을 디지털 비디오의 해석기법에 연계시키려는 것이었다. 특정 지점에서 시료를 채취하는 현지 샘플링조사와 동일한 방식으로 장거리에 걸친 하천의 수질감시를 위해 원격동영상을 컴퓨터 모니터에 디스플레이 하면서 비디오 샘플지점을 선정하여 수질을 감시하였다. 비디오 샘플링 기법은 하천 색조의 변화실태에 대한 가상현실의 형태로 정보를 제공했다. 다양한 샘플지점에서 나타나는 하천 색조의 변화추세를 가시적으로 파악할 수 있었으며 전통적인 현장 샘플링 방법으로는 추적하는 데 한계가 있는 특정오염원에 기인한 하천수질의 광역적인 변화패턴을 파악하는 데 상당한 가능성을 보여주었다. 이와 같이 영구적으로 보전된 영상기록은 오염 물질의 이동확산 등 수질환경의 광역적인 변화 추이에 대한 시각적인 정보를 제공하고 있어 현장샘플링과 동시에 사용할 경우 하천수질감시에 있어 상당히 유용한 도구가 될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 본 연구를 통해서 제시된 비디오 샘플링 기법이 도로, 철도, 송유관 등 다양한 선형지형지물의 환경감시에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.3-14
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• 2018

For satisfying consumer needs, commercial facilities require a variety of sale-related space expressions and eye-catching product arrangements; space composition can also be a direct marketing strategy. The human eye is the sensory organ that acquires the largest amount of information, and an analysis of visual information helps in understanding visual relations between . However, the existing studies are mostly focused on analysis of still frames in experimental images, and there is a lack of studies analyzing gaze information based on mobile images of commercial spaces. Therefore, this study analyzed emotional responses through gaze information of space users in reality using a video of a movement route through a commercial facility. The analysis targeted straight sections of the moving route; based on the data acquired, sectional characteristics of five gaze intensity ranges were examined. As a result, section A, the starting point of the route, had a low gaze intensity, while section B had the highest gaze intensity. This indicates that, starting in section B, the subjects explored the space in a stable way and needed time to adapt to the experimental video. In relation to space characteristics of the gaze-concentrated area, display formats of the right stores in 4 of 6 sections received greater attention. The gaze of consumers was mostly focused on props, and big gaze information was revealed in showcase display formats of the stores. In conclusion, this analysis method can provide highly useful direct design data about merchandise display and merchandise component arrangement based on consumer visual preference.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.25-54
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• 2020

While there is no evidence for parafoveal processing in alphabetic languages such as English and Finnish, there is some evidence that morphological information is processed in syllabic languages like Chinese. Korean writing system, Hangul, would be able to provide morphological preview benefit effects since it is an "alphabetic syllabary" which contains both alphabetic and syllabic features. This study explored morphological parafoveal preview benefit effects during reading Korean using irregular verbs, which have phonological and orthographical differences between fundamental and conjugated forms. In the Experiment, the target word was irregular conjugated form, and there were four preview conditions: identical (e.g. 구워), fundamental form (e.g. 굽다), orthographically related (e.g. 굼다), and unrelated control (e.g. 죨어). In the result of study, identical was shortest and morphological, orthographical, unrelated preview were followed. Moreover, measures of first-pass reading of morphological preview were significantly shorter than those of unrelated control preview. This results support the hypothesis of morphological preview benefit effects in Korean. The implications of the results are discussed.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.558-561
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose Simple Frame Marker(SFMarker) to support recognition of characters and images included in a marker in augmented reality. If characters are inserted inside of marker and are recognised using Optical Character Recognition(OCR), it doesn't need marker learning process before an execution. It also reduces visual disturbance compared to 2D barcode marker due to familarity of characters. Therefore, proposed SFMarker distinguishes Square SFMarker that embeds images from Rectangle SFMarker with characters according to ratio of marker and applies different recognition algorithms. Also, in order to reduce preprocessing of character recognition, SFMarker inserts direction information in border of marker and extracts it to execute character recognition fast and correctly. Finally, since the character recognition for every frame slows down tracking speed, we increase the speed of recognition process using the result of character recognition in previous frame when frame difference is low.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.41-47
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• 2005

Even more than 240 commercial geostationary communication satellites currently on orbit at the higher location than the GPS orbit altitude perform their own missions only by the support of the ground segment because of weak visibility from GPS. In addition, the orbit determination accuracy is very low without using two or more dedicated ground tracking antennas in intercontinental ground segment, since the satellite hardly moves with respect to the ground station. In this paper, we propose the GSPS(Geostationary Satellite Positioning System) in circular orbits of two sidereal days period higher than the geosynchronous orbit for orbit determination and autonomous satellite operation. The GSPS is conceived as a ranging system in that unknown positions of a geostationary satellite can be acquired from the known positions of the GSPS satellites. Each GSPS satellite transmits navigation data, clock data, correction data, and geostationary satellite command to control a geostationary satellite.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.187-195
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• 2018

In this study, using real-time gaze tracking and head tracking method, we intended to quantitatively evaluate the deviation between the patient's head and gaze direction while minimizing inspection errors due to apraxia of conventional paper-based examination respectively. As a result, we developed a software that can quantitatively measure gaze and head movement information, and computerized the line bisection and star cancelation test, which are generally used as conventional paper test. In addition, for the rehabilitation training, contents corresponding to the visual technology of Warren's visual hierarchical model lower level are implemented and can be performed repetitively and independently. This allows the patient to actively participate in rehabilitation and quantitatively compare the degree of improvement.