• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2010

The Korean real estate market currently is experiencing a slowdown due to the global economic crisis which has resulted from subprime mortgage lending practices. In response, the Korean government has enforced various policies, based on intend to deregulate real estate speculation, such as increasing the Loan to value ratio (LTV) in order to stimulate housing supply, demand and accompanying housing transactions. However, these policies have appeared to result in deep confusion in the Korean housing market. Furthermore, analyses for housing market forecasting particularly those which examine the impact of the international financial crisis on the Korean real estate market have been partial and fragmentary. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematical approach is required to analyze the real estate financial market and the causal nexus between market determining factors. Thus, with an integrated perspective and applying a system dynamics methodology, this paper proposes Korean Real Estate and Mortgage Market dynamics models based on the fundamental principles of housing markets, which are determined by supply and demand. As well, the potential effects of the Korean government's deregulation policies are considered by focusing on the main factor of these policies: the mortgage loan.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.258-267
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to present improvement devices of urban center's green function in the Public Open Space Attached Building(P.O.S.) in Incheon, Korea. Study sites were the P.O.S. of office building(10 place), transportation facility building(3 places), government office building(2 places) that were made up 1994∼2002 and analyzed establishment, using and planting status. And P.O.S.'s planting area structure of Osaka and Kawasaki in Japan that is operating P.O.S. system similar to Korea was compared with study sites of Incheon. P.O.S. of Incheon is not managing as valuable urban center's green and establishing to satisfy legal requirement. The strengthening devices of P.O.S. function are as follows. First, it is desirable that planting area rate of P.O.S. in order to develop small park in urban center is increasing by 40% that is children's park level. Second, it must be conferred about planting basis, tree selection and planting method etc. of P.O.S. with green and park development department at building authorization. Third, by the 'landscape planting standard of plottage' that is becoming planting standard of P.O.S is heightened and must increase quality and amount of green. Fourth, it is required mandatory establishing of sign so that citizens can search easily and utilize of P.O.S. Fifth, legal regulation should be decided to prevent that P.O.S. is used unlike purpose originally.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of ear acupressure therapy on premenstrual syndrome of the female college students. This research design of our study was a quasi-experimental design. Out of the 27 female college students, 13 were assigned to the experimental group and 14 to the control group. The data was obtained over 3 months from K college located in G city. The use of instrument to assess the premenstrual syndrome is Keele's VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) with the opening records. The subject of the experimental group received the ear acupressure therapy for 3 times for 60 days and the other control group did not get the ear acupressure therapy treatment. We analysed the data and extracted the values of percentage, mean, standard deviation, $x^2$-test, t-test, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ using SPSS program. The VAS score of the premenstrual syndromes before the ear acupressure therapy was 7.3(experimental group), 7.46(control group) but after the ear acupressure therapy, the VAS score of the premenstrual syndromes was 3.36(experimental group), 7.17(control group). The result of this study reveals that the ear acupressure therapy was effective in improving the symptoms of the female college students who had the premenstrual syndromes.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2017

Skin has a strong barrier function to protect the body from external harmful factors. This strong barrier function of the skin makes for any effective substance difficult to permeate through the skin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate skin permeability of the reduced particle size by non-invasive method. The particles were prepared by high-pressure emulsification. The niacinamide prepared in a high-pressure emulsification was absorbed 1.56 times higher than the control sample. In addition, it was found from the sixth layer of keratin that was removed by tape-stripping method. This was significantly deeper penetration. The whitening efficacy of the sample containing niacinamide was evaluated before and after 6 weeks of use. The skin color was significantly improved in both pigmented area and non-pigmented area. Through this study, it was possible to visually and quantitatively confirm the permeability confirm the permeability of the reduced particle sample into skin.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.33-42
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose an efficient segmentation algerian using morphological grayscale reconstruction for region-based coding. Each segmentation stage consists of simplification, marker extraction and decision. The simplification removes unnecessary components to make an easier segmentation. The marker extraction finds the flat zones which are the seed points from the simplified image. The decision is to locate the contours of regions detected by the marker extraction. For the simplification, we use a new connected operator based on the size and contrast. In the marker extraction stage, the regions reconstructed to original values we excluded from the candidate marker. For the other regions, the regions which are larger than structuring elements or have higher contrast than a threshold value are selected as markers. For the initial segmentation, the conventional hierarchical watershed algorithm and the extracted markers are used. Finally in the region merging stage, we propose an efficient region merging algorithm which preserves a high quality in terms of the number of regions. At the same time, the pairs which have higher contrast than a threshold are excluded from the region merging stage. Experimental results show that the proposed marker extraction method produces a small number of markers, while maintaining high quality and that the proposed region merging algorithm achieves a good performance in terms of the image quality and the number of regions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.23-35
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• 2020

This study is based on prior research cases on workplace learning, which had a significant impact on corporate research. To improve problem solving and supplementing ability by keeping the opportunity to participate in workplace learning for the weak small business owners and to strengthen opportunities for practical growth, and to propose education, policy and institutional windowing. Therefore, to establish the relationship between small business owners' workplace learning, job satisfaction, and service quality, a research hypothesis was set in the background of prior research and empirical analysis was conducted. The results from 203 questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 program. As an analytical result, first, workplace learning had a partial positive (+) impact on job satisfaction. Second, workplace learning had a partial positive (+) impact on service quality. Third, in the relationship between workplace learning and service quality, job satisfaction played a full mediating role. From this, it was found that formal learning, the subfactor of workplace learning did not have an impact on job satisfaction and service quality, as subtitle of educational environment including offsite training and self education, systematization, and structuralization depending on the poor environment of small enterprises. Therefore, it was found that small enterprises' poor environment was revealed from the managerial, economic and social perspectives and to compensate such defect, educational, policy, and institutional strategies to strengthen the opportunity for growth and development of small enterprises can be suggested to the governmental agencies or local governments. Despite the significant results of this study, there may be limitations. Therefore, further studies should be conducted in various fields with various samples in the future, and further studies should be conducted in academic and practical relationships that can improve the service quality and management performance.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.697-709
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• 2001

Researchers on conceptual change have been proposed that confronting a cognitive conflict situation would be important for a student to change his/her preexisting conception. There have been reported that there are three different methods of producing a cognitive conflict situation; the first is logical argument(LC), the second is demonstration of an actual phenomenon(DC), and the third is kinesthetic conflict which is a kind of physical experience(EC). In this study, the researcher tried to find out the differences in the conceptual changes by the three different conflict situations. Seventy two high school students were chosen in a high school in Kyungkido, Korea. The students were tested four times; pretest, posttest, one week delayed posttest, and one month delayed posttest. Six different test situations on mechanics were developed for this study. Test item for each situation was developed. Each item consisted of a multiple choice question and explanation of the choice. The result showed a clear differences among the three conflict groups. In general, kinesthetic conflict which is a kind of physical experience(EC) was proved to be the most efficient strategy for the conceptual change; however, logical argument(LC) seemed to be the least efficient. However, the effectiveness was not uniform from situation to situation. Results of some items showed that even the LC was quite good for the conceptual change. Therefore, it seems to be important to develope appropriate method for the target concept.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1429-1433
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• 2010

수공구조물의 설계, 수자원 관리계획의 수립, 재해영향 검토 등을 수행할 때, 재현기간에 따른 확률개념의 강우량, 홍수량, 저수량 등을 산정하여 사용하게 되며, 보통 대상지역의 장기 수문관측 자료를 이용하여 수문사상의 확률분포를 산정한 후 재현기간을 연장하여 원하는 설계빈도에 해당하는 양을 추정하게 된다. 미계측지역 또는 관측자료의 보유기간이 짧은 지역의 경우는 지역빈도 분석 결과를 이용하게 된다. 지역빈도해석을 위해서는 강우자료들의 동질성을 파악하는 것이 가장 기본적인 과정이 되며 이를 위해 통계학적인 범주화분석이 선행되어야 한다. 지점 빈도분석의 수문학적 동질성 판별을 위해 L-moment 방법, K-means 방법에 의한 군집분석 등이 주로 사용되며 관측소 위치좌표를 이용한 공간보간법을 적용하여 시각화하고 있다. 강수량은 시공간적으로 변하는 수문변량으로서 강수량의 시간적인 특성 또한 강수량의 특성을 정의하는데 매우 중요한 요소이다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구를 통해 강수지점의 공간적인 좌표 및 강수량의 양적인 범주화에 초점을 맞춘 기존 지역빈도분석의 범주화 과정에 덧붙여 시간적인 영향을 고려할 수 있는 요소들을 결정하고 이를 활용할 수 있는 범주화 과정을 제시하고자 한다. 즉, 극치강수량의 발생 시기에 대한 정량적인 분석이 가능한 순환통계기법을 이용하여 관측 지점별 시간 통계량을 산정하고, 이를 극치강수량과 결합하여 시 공간적인 특성자료를 생성한 후 이를 이용한 군집화 해석 모형을 개발하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 분석 과정에 있어서 시간속성의 정량화 및 일반화는 순환통계기법을 사용하였으며, 극치강수량과 발생시점의 속성자료는 각각의 평균과 표준편차를 이용하였다. K-means 알고리즘을 이용해 결합자료를 군집화 하고, L-moment 방법으로 지역화 결과에 대한 검증을 수행하였다. 속성 결합 자료의 군집화 효과는 모의데이터 실험을 통해 확인하였으며, 우리 나라의 58개 기상관측소 자료를 이용하여 분석을 수행하였다. 예비해석 단계에서 100회의 군집분석을 통해 평균적인 centroid를 산정하고, 해당 값을 본 해석의 초기 centroid로 지정하여, 변동적인 클러스터링 경향을 안정화시켜 해석이 반복됨에 따라 군집화 결과가 달라지는 오류를 방지하였다. 또한 K-means 방법으로 계산된 군집별 공간거리 합의 크기에 따라 군집번호를 부여함으로써 군집의 번호순서대로 물리적인 연관성이 인접하도록 설정하였으며, 군집간의 경계선을 추출할 때 발생할 수 있는 오류를 방지하였다. 지역빈도분석 결과는 3차원 Spline 기법으로 도시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1887-1891
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• 2010

전자파표면유속계를 이용한 홍수유속측정에 있어서 수심평균유속환산계수로 0.85를 표면유속에 일률적으로 적용하도록 제시하고 있다. 그 동안 이의 적절성 여부에 대한 논의가 꾸준히 지속되어져 왔다. 이에 전자파 표면유속계를 개발하고 상품화하여 보급시킨 개발 주체의 입장에서 이에 대한 검증을 시도하였다. 이의 검증을 위해서 가장 중요한 것은 정해진 측정지점의 유량측정시각의 정확한 유량을 파악해야 함은 필수조건이다. 하지만 유량측정지점의 유량의 참값은 알기는 참으로 어려운 일이다. 이에 지금까지는 댐의 방류량을 참값이라고 가정을 하고 여러 가지 기기를 이용한 유량측정을 실시하여 각 기기의 측정오차를 비교하는 기준유량으로 댐방류량을 이용하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 방류량의 정확성 파악에 의하여 수심평균유속환산계수의 적정성 여부를 검토하고자 하였다. 또한 이에 대한 이론적인 접근의 방법으로서 유속분포곡선식으로부터 수심평균유속환산계수를 산정하여 이를 기존에 표면유속을 평균유속으로 환산하기 위해서 적용하였던 계수와 비교를 하였다. 기존의 수심평균유속환산계수로 이용한 0.85에 대한 이론적인 검증을 위해서 Power law형의 유속분포식으로부터 수심평균유속환산계수를 유도한 결과 하상의 재료에 따라 0.833 (거친 하상)~0.875 (부드러운 하상)의 범위에 분포하였다. 이는 환산계수로 이용하고 있는 0.85는 유속분포가 크게 변동하지 않은 경우에 수심 평균유속을 환산하는데 이용함에 무리가 없음을 보여준다. 기존의 대청댐 방류량을 이용한 수심평균유속환산 계수를 산정한 결과를 분석한 결과 환산계수가 0.828~0.868의 범위에 분포하고 있다. 즉 기존의 수심평균유속환산계수로 이용을 하고 있는 0.85와 비교했을때 ${\pm}3%$의 오차를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있다. 대청댐 방류량에 대한 검증을 위해서 여러 가지 기기를 이용한 동시 유량 측정을 실시하였고, 전자파표면유속계로 측정한 표면유속에 기존의 수심평균유속환산계수 0.85를 적용했을때의 유량산정 결과를 다른 방법에 의한 측정 결과 및 방류량과 비교를 실시하였다. ADCP 측정은 유량조사사업단과 한국수자원공사 충청지역본부의 도움을 받아 실시하였는데, 유량조사사업단은 9회 측정하여 평균한 유량이 242.0 cms, 충청지역본부에서는 6회 측정하여 평균한 결과가 234.6 cms이었고, 전자파표면유속계로 측정한 표면유속을 이용하여 산정한 유량이 249.0 cms이었으며, 동시유량 측정당시 방류량은 242 cms이었다. ADCP를 이용한 유량측정에 있어서, 각 측정시의 유량측정 오차가 최대 20% 까지 나타나고 있다. 반면 대청댐의 발전 방류량은 거의 일정한 수준을 유지했던 것을 감안할 경우 유량측정 기간에 하류의 조정지댐으로 인한 배수효과의 영향으로 ADCP를 이용한 유량측정값에 변동이 발생한 것으로 추측된다. 전반적으로 부자를 제외하고는 사용된 유량측정 방법들이 거의 동일한 값을 보임을 알 수 있다. 또한 표면유속에 기존의 환산계수를 적용하여도 유량산정이 다른 방법과 유사하게 산정됨을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.57-78
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• 2017

SNS is a useful tool to quickly deliver information in an emergency given their speed and expandability. Especially, SNS in the event of a disaster or an accident can offer on-site, accurate and detailed updates about essential information such as the safety of victims and the development of the situation, served as a valuable complement to the conventional media. This study aims to perform a comparative analysis on how social media are currently used by emergency management authorities in South Korea and other countries. Based on the results, this study proposed more effective ways to exploit SNS and improve efficiency of disaster management. To accomplish the goals, this study collected tweet information from various sources including the FEMA of the U. S., the FDMA and the Central Disaster Council of Japan, and the MPSS of Korea. The collected tweet information was analyzed by feedback, time series, and information types. The feedback analysis aims to quantify the number of monthly user feedback in order to assess user satisfaction about the tweet information. The time series analysis identifies the number of tweet information, feedback index and keywords by country for certain duration, examining why certain messages showed high feedback indices and what kind of contents should be offered by the authorities. Finally, the analysis of information type reviews the type of information contained in the tweet information that drew users' attention to identify the information type in which the authorities should deliver information to users. Based on these analyses, this study proposed improvement methods to use Tweeter in MPSS.