• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.6-12
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• 1992

본 연구는 차체설계시 측면충돌로 인한 승객보호를 어떠한 관점에서 보아야 할 것이며 신법규에 대비하는 세계의 연구동향은 어떠한 지를 알아보았다. 1. 측면충돌 법규시험. 2. 연구동향. 2.1 승객거동 해석모델(Occupant Crash Simulation Model). 2.2 유한요소법 모델. 2.3 강체질량모델(Lumped-mass Model)

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.217-228
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• 2021

After the integrated fare system has been applied, public transportation and transfer traffic increased. As a result, transfer passengers must be considered in the operation of the bus. Although previous studies have limitations due to utilizing deterministic mathematical models, which fails to reflect the stochastic movements of passengers and buses, in this study, a more realistic bus stop micro-simulation model is proposed. Based on the proposed simulation model, we represent the relationship between bus arrival interval and passenger wait time as a regression model and empirically show the differences between the cases with and without transfer passengers. Also, we propose a method converting passenger waiting time to cost and find optimal bus arrival interval based on the converted cost. It is expected the proposed method enables bottom-up decision making reflecting practical situation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 2015

항공기 추락 시 충돌충격단계에서 사상자가 가장 많이 발생하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 대부분의 경우, 승객들은 두부손상으로 의식을 잃게 되어 비상탈출에 실패하여 사망에 이르게 된다. 이에 대한 대응책으로 항공기 제작사들은 내구성이 강화된 항공기 좌석을 설계 및 제작하여 설치하고 있다. 객실에서는 승객들이 충격방지자세를 취함으로써 부상을 최소화할 수 있다. 승객들에 대한 충격방지자세 안내는 모든 항공사가 시간적 여유가 있는 비상상황에서만 객실승무원이 안내방송과 함께 시범을 보이도록 절차가 수립되어 있다. 그러나 갑작스런 사고의 경우 승객들은 충격방지자세에 대한 정보를 전달받지 못한 상태에서 사상의 위험에 직면하게 된다. 본 논문은 SHEL 모델을 적용하여 승객과 사상자발생 환경, 승객과 충격방지를 위한 안전절차, 승객과 승객안전정보 전달매체, 승객과 객실승무원등의 상호작용에 내재된 위해요소를 체계적으로 규명하고 객실안전에 대한 법규 및 절차 등의 개정을 제시함으써, 항공기사고로 인한 사상자 발생에 대한 근본적인 대안을 제시하여 항공안전 증진에 기여하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.149-155
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• 2011

This paper presents simulations of advance evacuation analysis using a cellular automata model for passenger behavior in an emergency of passenger ship. The proposed cellular automata model divides the space in a uniform grid called "cell." Each passenger is located in a cell and moves to another cell according to a set of local rules assumed to be associated with the individual and crowd behaviors of the passengers. To verify the usefulness of the proposed cellular automata model, 11 tests, all of which are specified in International Maritime Organization Maritime Safety Committee/ Circulation 1238 (IMO MSC/Circ. 1238), were implemented, and it was confirmed that all the requirements of these tests had been met.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

This paper suggests the passenger model considered evacuation behavioral characteristics on the passenger ship fire using a rules-based agent technique. The existing evacuation simulation system was modeled only passenger speed. The speed-based model considered passenger's physical characteristics, so it couldn't consider evacuation behavioral characteristics. For solving this problem, we modeled the passenger model using a rule-based agent applied evacuation behavioral characteristics. The rule-based agent consists of knowledge base and inference engine. In knowledge base, we represented evacuation behavioral characteristics, and chose the examples of the evacuation behavioral characteristics to show various patterns of behavior. And we simulated in the IMO MSC/Circ.1238 example 8 and we proved the simulation results could represent variety patterns of human behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

In this paper, advanced evacuation analysis simulation on a passenger ship is performed. Velocity based model has been implemented and used to calculate the movement of the individual passengers under the evacuation situation. The age and gender of each passenger are considered as the factors of walking speed. Flocking algorithm is applied for the passenger's group behavior. Penalty walking velocity is introduced to avoid collision between the passengers and obstacles, and to prevent the position overlap among passengers. Application of flocking algorithm and penalty walking velocity to evacuation simulation is verified through implementation of the 11 test problems in IMO (International Maritime Organization) MSC (Maritime Safety Committee) Circulation 1238.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.90-101
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• 2022

Buses are a popular means of transportation. As such, thorough preparation is needed for passenger safety management. However, the safety system is insufficient because there are accidents such as a death accident occurred when the bus departed without recognizing the elderly approaching to get on in 2018. There is a safety system that prevents pinching accidents through sensors on the back door stairs, but such a system does not prevent accidents that occur in the process of getting on and off like the above accident. If it is possible to predict the intention of bus passengers to get on and off, it will help to develop a safety system to prevent such accidents. However, studies predicting the intention of passengers to get on and off are insufficient. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a 1×1 CNN3D-based getting on and off intention prediction model using skeleton keypoints of passengers extracted from the camera image attached to the bus through UDP-Pose. The proposed model shows approximately 1~2% higher accuracy than the RNN and LSTM models in predicting passenger's getting on and off intentions.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.14-23
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• 1995

여기에서는 에어백의 수학적인 모델과 유한요소 모델에 대한 모델링 기법과 이에 대한 발달과정을 간략하게 고찰하고 설계에의 적용 예를 들어, 승객거동해석 시뮬레이션 및 설계를 에어백을 중심으로 서술하고자 한다. 1. 에어백 모델링 발달과정. 2. 에어백의 모델링에 관한 고찰. 3. 승객거동해석 시뮬레이션. 4. 설계의 적용 예. 5. 향후 전망.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.7 s.85
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• pp.181-190
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• 2005

The time required for airport process is considered more important as the airports are becoming bigger. International Civil Aviation Organization mattes this international standards and recommends not to exceed it. The passenger forecasting model is developed to predict the number of passengers at the check-in counter, and the area of formalities for departure and entry. In case of forecasting the number of outbound-passengers. the patterns of show-up lead time(SLT) at the check-in counter and lag time from check-in counter to the area of departure formalities are modeled in terms of time. On the other hand, the matter of the choice of check-in counters and areas of departure formalities are modeled in terms of space. In case of forecasting the number of inbound-passengers and transfer passengers, the time of airplane movement from arrival to block on at the gate and the time of passengers required from gate to the area of formalities for entry are modeled in terms of time. While the matter of the choice of gates and the areas of formalities for entry are modeled in terms of space. The average error of forecasting outbound-passengers and inbound-passengers is respectively 15% and 10%, which are considered excellent with the 5% error of passenger reservation information as input data. Through the development of passenger forecasting models, we assure we could provide passengers with valuable service because we allocate resource such as employees and equipments according to the degree of concentration of passengers.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.99-105
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• 2021

Vehicle occupant postures are anticipated to vary more widely during automated driving and to become more significant in terms of the autonomous vehicle safety. Experimental and computational approaches are needed to investigate and evaluate occupant behaviors during automated driving in general. However the validity and effect of such occupant postures are unknown, thus it is necessary to examine occupant behaviors and injury countermeasures for various occupant postures. This study was focused on the development and evaluation of restraint system model for occupant behavior examinations in the first step according to autonomous vehicle occupant safety. The finite element models of dummy and restraint system were set up and simulation results showed overall model performance and safety tolerances of different reclined occupant postures during frontal impact loading.